22 [a] “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall repay five oxen for an ox, and (A)four sheep for a sheep. [b] If a thief is found (B)breaking in and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no bloodguilt for him, but if the sun has risen on him, there shall be bloodguilt for him. He[c] shall surely pay. If he has nothing, then (C)he shall be sold for his theft. If the stolen beast (D)is found alive in his possession, whether it is an ox or a donkey or a sheep, (E)he shall pay double.

“If a man causes a field or vineyard to be grazed over, or lets his beast loose and it feeds in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best in his own field and in his own vineyard.

“If fire breaks out and catches in thorns so that the stacked grain or the standing grain or the field is consumed, he who started the fire shall make full restitution.

“If a man gives to his neighbor money or goods to keep safe, and it is stolen from the man's house, then, if the thief is found, (F)he shall pay double. If the thief is not found, the owner of the house shall come near to God to show whether or not he has put his hand to his neighbor's property. For every breach of trust, whether it is for an ox, for a donkey, for a sheep, for a cloak, or for any kind of lost thing, of which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before God. The one whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.

10 “If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep safe, and it dies or is injured or is driven away, without anyone seeing it, 11 (G)an oath by the Lord shall be between them both to see whether or not he has put his hand to his neighbor's property. The owner shall accept the oath, and he shall not make restitution. 12 But if (H)it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13 If it is torn by beasts, let him bring it as evidence. He shall not make restitution for what has been torn.

14 “If a man borrows anything of his neighbor, and it is injured or dies, the owner not being with it, he shall make full restitution. 15 If the owner was with it, he shall not make restitution; if it was hired, it came for its hiring fee.[d]

Laws for a Just Community

16 (I)“If a man seduces a virgin[e] who is not betrothed and lies with her, he shall give the bride-price[f] for her and make her his wife. 17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, (J)he shall pay money equal to the (K)bride-price for virgins.

18 (L)“You shall not permit a sorceress to live.

19 (M)“Whoever lies with an animal shall be put to death.

20 (N)“Whoever sacrifices to any god, other than the Lord alone, shall be devoted to destruction.[g]

21 (O)“You shall not wrong a sojourner or oppress him, for you were sojourners in the land of Egypt. 22 (P)You shall not mistreat any widow or fatherless child. 23 If you do mistreat them, and they (Q)cry out to me, I will surely (R)hear their cry, 24 and my wrath will burn, and I will kill you with the sword, and (S)your wives shall become widows and your children fatherless.

25 (T)“If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be like a moneylender to him, and you shall not exact interest from him. 26 (U)If ever you take your neighbor's cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down, 27 for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak for his body; in what else shall he sleep? And if he (V)cries to me, I will hear, for I am (W)compassionate.

28 (X)“You shall not revile God, nor (Y)curse a ruler of your people.

29 “You shall not delay to offer from the fullness of your harvest and from the outflow of your presses. (Z)The firstborn of your sons you shall give to me. 30 (AA)You shall do the same with your oxen and with your sheep: (AB)seven days it shall be with its mother; on the eighth day you shall give it to me.

31 (AC)“You shall be consecrated to me. Therefore (AD)you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by beasts in the field; (AE)you shall throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:1 Ch 21:37 in Hebrew
  2. Exodus 22:2 Ch 22:1 in Hebrew
  3. Exodus 22:3 That is, the thief
  4. Exodus 22:15 Or it is reckoned in (Hebrew comes into) its hiring fee
  5. Exodus 22:16 Or a girl of marriageable age; also verse 17
  6. Exodus 22:16 Or engagement present; also verse 17
  7. Exodus 22:20 That is, set apart (devoted) as an offering to the Lord (for destruction)

Proteção da propriedade

22 Se alguém roubar um boi ou um cordeiro e depois o matar e vender, deverá pagar uma multa. No caso do boi, será cinco vezes o custo de um boi, ou cinco bois pelo boi roubado. Para o cordeiro será o quádruplo, quatro cordeiros pelo roubado.

Se o ladrão for morto ao assaltar uma casa, o que o matar não será culpado. No entanto, se tal acontecer em pleno dia, o que matar deverá ser incriminado de assassínio.

Um ladrão que vier a ser capturado terá de restituir tudo o que roubou. Se não puder fazê-lo, será vendido para pagamento da sua dívida. Se for apanhado a roubar um boi, um burro ou um cordeiro, estando ainda vivo, terá de pagar uma multa equivalente ao dobro do preço dos animais.

Se alguém soltar o seu animal e deliberadamente o deixar ir para o campo ou para a vinha doutra pessoa, terá de pagar uma indemnização ao outro, equivalente ao melhor da sua colheita.

Se um campo tiver sido incendiado e o fogo acabar por queimar os molhos de trigo, a seara ou seja o que for do campo de um vizinho, o que fez a queimada terá de pagar tudo o que ardeu. Se alguém der dinheiro ou bens a guardar a uma outra pessoa, e se esta última vier a ser roubada, o ladrão deverá pagar o dobro de tudo, no caso de ser apanhado. Se o ladrão não for encontrado, então aquele a quem os valores foram confiados terá de vir à presença de Deus para se determinar se foi ele próprio ou não o ladrão.

Sempre que um animal, boi, jumento, cordeiro, ou uma peça de vestuário, ou seja o que for, se tiver perdido e o seu proprietário julgar que isso está na posse de outra pessoa, a qual negue a acusação, então ambas as partes terão de ir perante Deus e aquele que Deus declarar deverá pagar ao outro o dobro.

10 Se uma pessoa pedir a outra que lhe guarde o burro, ou o boi, ou o cordeiro, ou outro qualquer animal, e este vier a morrer ou a ser ferido ou a fugir, 11 sem que haja testemunhas que confirmem o sucedido, então o que se responsabilizou por ficar com o animal terá de jurar que não o roubou e o primeiro deverá aceitar a sua palavra e não haverá lugar a nenhuma restituição ou multa. 12 Mas se o animal tiver sido realmente roubado, deverá dar ao dono o seu preço. 13 No caso do animal ter sido ferido por uma besta feroz, trará ao dono a carcaça ou os restos, em testemunha do facto e não haverá lugar a pagamento algum.

14 Se for pedido emprestado um animal ou um objeto qualquer que venha a ser ferido, morto ou estragado, sem que o dono daquilo que foi emprestado estivesse presente, este último terá a receber o equivalente àquilo que emprestou. 15 No entanto, se isso acontecer na presença do dono, não haverá necessidade de pagamento. A mesma decisão se aplicará se tiver sido alugado, porque a eventualidade de danos ou perdas já está incluída no contrato de aluguer.”

Responsabilidade social

16 “Se um homem seduzir uma rapariga virgem, ainda não comprometida com ninguém, e se deitar com ela, deverá certamente casar com ela, pagando aos pais o dote habitual. 17 No entanto, se o pai dela recusar de todo, terá apenas de pagar o correspondente ao dote, como se casasse.

18 Os feiticeiros terão de morrer.

19 Quem tiver relações sexuais com animais com certeza deverá morrer.

20 Quem oferecer sacrifícios a outros deuses que não seja o Senhor terá de ser executado.

21 Não deverão oprimir um estrangeiro de nenhuma maneira. Lembrem-se que foram também estrangeiros na terra do Egito.

22 Não explorarão nem viúvas nem órfãos. 23 Se o fizerem, qualquer que seja o modo, e se eles clamarem pela minha ajuda, certamente lhes responderei. 24 A minha cólera se inflamará contra vocês e serão mortos com as armas dos vossos inimigos, de tal forma que as vossas próprias mulheres se tornarão viúvas e os vossos filhos órfãos.

25 Se emprestarem dinheiro a um vosso irmão hebreu necessitado, não o farão com interesse usurário. 26 Se lhe ficaram com uma peça de roupa como penhor deverão devolver-lha à noite; 27 porque provavelmente precisará dela para se agasalhar e como poderá deitar-se sem ela? Se não o fizerem e ele clamar por mim, ouvi-lo-ei porque eu sou misericordioso.

28 Não insultarão Deus. Não amaldiçoarão os que vos governam, os vossos juízes e os vossos chefes.

29 Serão prontos em dar-me os primeiros frutos das vossas colheitas, assim como o que começar a correr dos vossos lagares.

30 A cria que primeiro nascer aos vossos bois e cordeiros dar-me-ão ao oitavo dia, depois de a ter deixado com a mãe durante os sete primeiros dias de vida.

31 E visto que são um povo santo, um povo meu, especial, não comam nenhum animal que tenha sido atacado e morto por uma besta feroz. Deixem a carcaça para que os cães a comam.

Protection of Property

22 [a]“Whoever steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it must pay back(A) five head of cattle for the ox and four sheep for the sheep.

“If a thief is caught breaking in(B) at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed;(C) but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed.

“Anyone who steals must certainly make restitution,(D) but if they have nothing, they must be sold(E) to pay for their theft. If the stolen animal is found alive in their possession(F)—whether ox or donkey or sheep—they must pay back double.(G)

“If anyone grazes their livestock in a field or vineyard and lets them stray and they graze in someone else’s field, the offender must make restitution(H) from the best of their own field or vineyard.

“If a fire breaks out and spreads into thornbushes so that it burns shocks(I) of grain or standing grain or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make restitution.(J)

“If anyone gives a neighbor silver or goods for safekeeping(K) and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.(L) But if the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges,(M) and they must[b] determine whether the owner of the house has laid hands on the other person’s property. In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any other lost property about which somebody says, ‘This is mine,’ both parties are to bring their cases before the judges.[c](N) The one whom the judges declare[d] guilty must pay back double to the other.

10 “If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping(O) and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking, 11 the issue between them will be settled by the taking of an oath(P) before the Lord that the neighbor did not lay hands on the other person’s property. The owner is to accept this, and no restitution is required. 12 But if the animal was stolen from the neighbor, restitution(Q) must be made to the owner. 13 If it was torn to pieces by a wild animal, the neighbor shall bring in the remains as evidence and shall not be required to pay for the torn animal.(R)

14 “If anyone borrows an animal from their neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, they must make restitution.(S) 15 But if the owner is with the animal, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.(T)

Social Responsibility

16 “If a man seduces a virgin(U) who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price,(V) and she shall be his wife. 17 If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins.

18 “Do not allow a sorceress(W) to live.

19 “Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal(X) is to be put to death.

20 “Whoever sacrifices to any god(Y) other than the Lord must be destroyed.[e](Z)

21 “Do not mistreat or oppress a foreigner,(AA) for you were foreigners(AB) in Egypt.

22 “Do not take advantage of the widow or the fatherless.(AC) 23 If you do and they cry out(AD) to me, I will certainly hear their cry.(AE) 24 My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless.(AF)

25 “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not treat it like a business deal; charge no interest.(AG) 26 If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge,(AH) return it by sunset, 27 because that cloak is the only covering your neighbor has. What else can they sleep in?(AI) When they cry out to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.(AJ)

28 “Do not blaspheme God[f](AK) or curse(AL) the ruler of your people.(AM)

29 “Do not hold back offerings(AN) from your granaries or your vats.[g]

“You must give me the firstborn of your sons.(AO) 30 Do the same with your cattle and your sheep.(AP) Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but give them to me on the eighth day.(AQ)

31 “You are to be my holy people.(AR) So do not eat the meat of an animal torn by wild beasts;(AS) throw it to the dogs.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 22:1 In Hebrew texts 22:1 is numbered 21:37, and 22:2-31 is numbered 22:1-30.
  2. Exodus 22:8 Or before God, and he will
  3. Exodus 22:9 Or before God
  4. Exodus 22:9 Or whom God declares
  5. Exodus 22:20 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them.
  6. Exodus 22:28 Or Do not revile the judges
  7. Exodus 22:29 The meaning of the Hebrew for this phrase is uncertain.