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Esodo 12
Conferenza Episcopale Italiana

La pasqua

12 Il Signore disse a Mosè e ad Aronne nel paese d'Egitto: 2 «Questo mese sarà per voi l'inizio dei mesi, sarà per voi il primo mese dell'anno. 3 Parlate a tutta la comunità di Israele e dite: Il dieci di questo mese ciascuno si procuri un agnello per famiglia, un agnello per casa. 4 Se la famiglia fosse troppo piccola per consumare un agnello, si assocerà al suo vicino, al più prossimo della casa, secondo il numero delle persone; calcolerete come dovrà essere l'agnello, secondo quanto ciascuno può mangiarne. 5 Il vostro agnello sia senza difetto, maschio, nato nell'anno; potrete sceglierlo tra le pecore o tra le capre 6 e lo serberete fino al quattordici di questo mese: allora tutta l'assemblea della comunità d'Israele lo immolerà al tramonto. 7 Preso un pò del suo sangue, lo porranno sui due stipiti e sull'architrave delle case, in cui lo dovranno mangiare. 8 In quella notte ne mangeranno la carne arrostita al fuoco; la mangeranno con azzimi e con erbe amare. 9 Non lo mangerete crudo, né bollito nell'acqua, ma solo arrostito al fuoco con la testa, le gambe e le viscere. 10 Non ne dovete far avanzare fino al mattino: quello che al mattino sarà avanzato lo brucerete nel fuoco. 11 Ecco in qual modo lo mangerete: con i fianchi cinti, i sandali ai piedi, il bastone in mano; lo mangerete in fretta. E' la pasqua del Signore! 12 In quella notte io passerò per il paese d'Egitto e colpirò ogni primogenito nel paese d'Egitto, uomo o bestia; così farò giustizia di tutti gli dei dell'Egitto. Io sono il Signore! 13 Il sangue sulle vostre case sarà il segno che voi siete dentro: io vedrò il sangue e passerò oltre, non vi sarà per voi flagello di sterminio, quando io colpirò il paese d'Egitto. 14 Questo giorno sarà per voi un memoriale; lo celebrerete come festa del Signore: di generazione in generazione, lo celebrerete come un rito perenne.

La festa degli azzimi

15 Per sette giorni voi mangerete azzimi.

Gia dal primo giorno farete sparire il lievito dalle vostre case, perché chiunque mangerà del lievitato dal giorno primo al giorno settimo, quella persona sarà eliminata da Israele.

16 Nel primo giorno avrete una convocazione sacra; nel settimo giorno una convocazione sacra: durante questi giorni non si farà alcun lavoro; potrà esser preparato solo ciò che deve essere mangiato da ogni persona.

17 Osservate gli azzimi, perché in questo stesso giorno io ho fatto uscire le vostre schiere dal paese d'Egitto; osserverete questo giorno di generazione in generazione come rito perenne. 18 Nel primo mese, il giorno quattordici del mese, alla sera, voi mangerete azzimi fino al ventuno del mese, alla sera.

19 Per sette giorni non si troverà lievito nelle vostre case, perché chiunque mangerà del lievito, sarà eliminato dalla comunità di Israele, forestiero o nativo del paese. 20 Non mangerete nulla di lievitato; in tutte le vostre dimore mangerete azzimi».

Prescrizioni per la pasqua

21 Mosè convocò tutti gli anziani d'Israele e disse loro: «Andate a procurarvi un capo di bestiame minuto per ogni vostra famiglia e immolate la pasqua. 22 Prenderete un fascio di issòpo, lo intingerete nel sangue che sarà nel catino e spruzzerete l'architrave e gli stipiti con il sangue del catino. Nessuno di voi uscirà dalla porta della sua casa fino al mattino. 23 Il Signore passerà per colpire l'Egitto, vedrà il sangue sull'architrave e sugli stipiti: allora il Signore passerà oltre la porta e non permetterà allo sterminatore di entrare nella vostra casa per colpire. 24 Voi osserverete questo comando come un rito fissato per te e per i tuoi figli per sempre. 25 Quando poi sarete entrati nel paese che il Signore vi darà, come ha promesso, osserverete questo rito. 26 Allora i vostri figli vi chiederanno: Che significa questo atto di culto? 27 Voi direte loro: E' il sacrificio della pasqua per il Signore, il quale è passato oltre le case degli Israeliti in Egitto, quando colpì l'Egitto e salvò le nostre case».

Il popolo si inginocchiò e si prostrò.

28 Poi gli Israeliti se ne andarono ed eseguirono ciò che il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aronne; in tal modo essi fecero.

10a piaga: morte dei primogeniti

29 A mezzanotte il Signore percosse ogni primogenito nel paese d'Egitto, dal primogenito del faraone che siede sul trono fino al primogenito del prigioniero nel carcere sotterraneo, e tutti i primogeniti del bestiame. 30 Si alzò il faraone nella notte e con lui i suoi ministri e tutti gli Egiziani; un grande grido scoppiò in Egitto, perché non c'era casa dove non ci fosse un morto!

31 Il faraone convocò Mosè e Aronne nella notte e disse: «Alzatevi e abbandonate il mio popolo, voi e gli Israeliti! Andate a servire il Signore come avete detto. 32 Prendete anche il vostro bestiame e le vostre greggi, come avete detto, e partite! Benedite anche me!». 33 Gli Egiziani fecero pressione sul popolo, affrettandosi a mandarli via dal paese, perché dicevano: «Stiamo per morire tutti!». 34 Il popolo portò con sé la pasta prima che fosse lievitata, recando sulle spalle le madie avvolte nei mantelli.

Spogliazione degli Egiziani

35 Gli Israeliti eseguirono l'ordine di Mosè e si fecero dare dagli Egiziani oggetti d'argento e d'oro e vesti. 36 Il Signore fece sì che il popolo trovasse favore agli occhi degli Egiziani, i quali annuirono alle loro richieste. Così essi spogliarono gli Egiziani.

Partenza di Israele

37 Gli Israeliti partirono da Ramses alla volta di Succot, in numero di seicentomila uomini capaci di camminare, senza contare i bambini. 38 Inoltre una grande massa di gente promiscua partì con loro e insieme greggi e armenti in gran numero. 39 Fecero cuocere la pasta che avevano portata dall'Egitto in forma di focacce azzime, perché non era lievitata: erano infatti stati scacciati dall'Egitto e non avevano potuto indugiare; neppure si erano procurati provviste per il viaggio.

40 Il tempo durante il quale gli Israeliti abitarono in Egitto fu di quattrocentotrent'anni. 41 Al termine dei quattrocentotrent'anni, proprio in quel giorno, tutte le schiere del Signore uscirono dal paese d'Egitto. 42 Notte di veglia fu questa per il Signore per farli uscire dal paese d'Egitto. Questa sarà una notte di veglia in onore del Signore per tutti gli Israeliti, di generazione in generazione.

Prescrizioni sulla pasqua

43 Il Signore disse a Mosè e ad Aronne: «Questo è il rito della pasqua: nessun straniero ne deve mangiare.

44 Quanto a ogni schiavo acquistato con denaro, lo circonciderai e allora ne potrà mangiare.

45 L'avventizio e il mercenario non ne mangeranno.

46 In una sola casa si mangerà: non ne porterai la carne fuori di casa; non ne spezzerete alcun osso.

47 Tutta la comunità d'Israele la celebrerà. 48 Se un forestiero è domiciliato presso di te e vuol celebrare la pasqua del Signore, sia circonciso ogni suo maschio: allora si accosterà per celebrarla e sarà come un nativo del paese. Ma nessun non circonciso ne deve mangiare.

49 Vi sarà una sola legge per il nativo e per il forestiero, che è domiciliato in mezzo a voi».

50 Tutti gli Israeliti fecero così; come il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè e ad Aronne, in tal modo operarono.

51 Proprio in quel giorno il Signore fece uscire gli Israeliti dal paese d'Egitto, ordinati secondo le loro schiere.

Listen to Exodus 12
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Exodus 12
New King James Version

The Passover Instituted(A)

12 Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 (B)“This month shall be your beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: ‘On the (C)tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household. 4 And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man’s need you shall make your count for the lamb. 5 Your lamb shall be (D)without[a] blemish, a male [b]of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6 Now you shall keep it until the (E)fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at twilight. 7 And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses where they eat it. 8 Then they shall eat the flesh on that (F)night; (G)roasted in fire, with (H)unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9 Do not eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but (I)roasted in fire—its head with its legs and its entrails. 10 (J)You shall let none of it remain until morning, and what remains of it until morning you shall burn with fire. 11 And thus you shall eat it: [c]with a belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it in haste. (K)It is the Lord’s Passover.

12 ‘For I (L)will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and (M)against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: (N)I am the Lord. 13 Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

14 ‘So this day shall be to you (O)a memorial; and you shall keep it as a (P)feast to the Lord throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast (Q)by an everlasting ordinance. 15 (R)Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, (S)that [d]person shall be [e]cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day there shall be (T)a holy convocation, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you. No manner of work shall be done on them; but that which everyone must eat—that only may be prepared by you. 17 So you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for (U)on this same day I will have brought your [f]armies (V)out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an everlasting ordinance. 18 (W)In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19 For (X)seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses, since whoever eats what is leavened, that same person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a native of the land. 20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’ ”

21 Then (Y)Moses called for all the (Z)elders of Israel and said to them, (AA)“Pick out and take lambs for yourselves according to your families, and kill the Passover lamb. 22 (AB)And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and (AC)strike the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. And none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning. 23 (AD)For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the (AE)blood on the [g]lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and (AF)not allow (AG)the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you. 24 And you shall (AH)observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever. 25 It will come to pass when you come to the land which the Lord will give you, (AI)just as He promised, that you shall keep this service. 26 (AJ)And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27 that you shall say, (AK)‘It is the Passover sacrifice of the Lord, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our households.’ ” So the people (AL)bowed their heads and worshiped. 28 Then the children of Israel went away and (AM)did so; just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn(AN)

29 (AO)And it came to pass at midnight that (AP)the Lord struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was [h]in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of (AQ)livestock. 30 So Pharaoh rose in the night, he, all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.

The Exodus

31 Then he (AR)called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise, go out from among my people, (AS)both you and the children of Israel. And go, serve the Lord as you have (AT)said. 32 (AU)Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also.”

33 (AV)And the Egyptians (AW)urged the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34 So the people took their dough before it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. 35 Now the children of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, and they had asked from the Egyptians (AX)articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing. 36 (AY)And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they granted them what they requested. Thus (AZ)they plundered the Egyptians.

37 Then (BA)the children of Israel journeyed from (BB)Rameses to Succoth, about (BC)six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children. 38 A (BD)mixed multitude went up with them also, and flocks and herds—a great deal of (BE)livestock. 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because (BF)they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.

40 Now the [i]sojourn of the children of Israel who lived in [j]Egypt was (BG)four hundred and thirty years. 41 And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years—on that very same day—it came to pass that (BH)all the armies of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. 42 It is (BI)a [k]night of solemn observance to the Lord for bringing them out of the land of Egypt. This is that night of the Lord, a solemn observance for all the children of Israel throughout their generations.

Passover Regulations(BJ)

43 And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is (BK)the ordinance of the Passover: No foreigner shall eat it. 44 But every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have (BL)circumcised him, then he may eat it. 45 (BM)A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat it. 46 In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry any of the flesh outside the house, (BN)nor shall you break one of its bones. 47 (BO)All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48 And (BP)when a stranger [l]dwells with you and wants to keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as a native of the land. For no uncircumcised person shall eat it. 49 (BQ)One law shall be for the native-born and for the stranger who dwells among you.”

50 Thus all the children of Israel did; as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 51 (BR)And it came to pass, on that very same day, that the Lord brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt (BS)according to their armies.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 12:5 perfect or sound
  2. Exodus 12:5 a year old
  3. Exodus 12:11 Made ready to travel
  4. Exodus 12:15 soul
  5. Exodus 12:15 Put to death
  6. Exodus 12:17 hosts
  7. Exodus 12:23 Crosspiece at top of door
  8. Exodus 12:29 in prison
  9. Exodus 12:40 Length of the stay
  10. Exodus 12:40 Sam., LXX Egypt and Canaan
  11. Exodus 12:42 night of vigil
  12. Exodus 12:48 As a resident alien
Listen to Exodus 12
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Exodus 12
New International Version

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread(A)

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, 2 “This month is to be for you the first month,(B) the first month of your year. 3 Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb[a](C) for his family, one for each household.(D) 4 If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. 5 The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect,(E) and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. 6 Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month,(F) when all the members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.(G) 7 Then they are to take some of the blood(H) and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. 8 That same night(I) they are to eat the meat roasted(J) over the fire, along with bitter herbs,(K) and bread made without yeast.(L) 9 Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with the head, legs and internal organs.(M) 10 Do not leave any of it till morning;(N) if some is left till morning, you must burn it. 11 This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste;(O) it is the Lord’s Passover.(P)

12 “On that same night I will pass through(Q) Egypt and strike down(R) every firstborn(S) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods(T) of Egypt. I am the Lord.(U) 13 The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and when I see the blood, I will pass over(V) you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.(W)

14 “This is a day you are to commemorate;(X) for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.(Y) 15 For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast.(Z) On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off(AA) from Israel. 16 On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work(AB) at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat; that is all you may do.

17 “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread,(AC) because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.(AD) Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.(AE) 18 In the first month(AF) you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. 19 For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone, whether foreigner(AG) or native-born, who eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off(AH) from the community of Israel. 20 Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live,(AI) you must eat unleavened bread.”(AJ)

21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover(AK) lamb. 22 Take a bunch of hyssop,(AL) dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood(AM) on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. 23 When the Lord goes through the land to strike(AN) down the Egyptians, he will see the blood(AO) on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over(AP) that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer(AQ) to enter your houses and strike you down.

24 “Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance(AR) for you and your descendants. 25 When you enter the land(AS) that the Lord will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. 26 And when your children(AT) ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ 27 then tell them, ‘It is the Passover(AU) sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’”(AV) Then the people bowed down and worshiped.(AW) 28 The Israelites did just what the Lord commanded(AX) Moses and Aaron.

29 At midnight(AY) the Lord(AZ) struck down all the firstborn(BA) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock(BB) as well. 30 Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing(BC) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.

The Exodus

31 During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship(BD) the Lord as you have requested. 32 Take your flocks and herds,(BE) as you have said, and go. And also bless(BF) me.”

33 The Egyptians urged the people to hurry(BG) and leave(BH) the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”(BI) 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs(BJ) wrapped in clothing. 35 The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold(BK) and for clothing.(BL) 36 The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed(BM) toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered(BN) the Egyptians.

37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses(BO) to Sukkoth.(BP) There were about six hundred thousand men(BQ) on foot, besides women and children. 38 Many other people(BR) went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. 39 With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out(BS) of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.

40 Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt[b] was 430 years.(BT) 41 At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord’s divisions(BU) left Egypt.(BV) 42 Because the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord for the generations to come.(BW)

Passover Restrictions

43 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover meal:(BX)

“No foreigner(BY) may eat it. 44 Any slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised(BZ) him, 45 but a temporary resident or a hired worker(CA) may not eat it.

46 “It must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.(CB) 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.

48 “A foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land.(CC) No uncircumcised(CD) male may eat it. 49 The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner(CE) residing among you.”

50 All the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded(CF) Moses and Aaron. 51 And on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt(CG) by their divisions.(CH)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 12:3 The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verse 4.
  2. Exodus 12:40 Masoretic Text; Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint Egypt and Canaan
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