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Los egipcios oprimen a los israelitas

Esta es la lista de los hijos de Jacob que lo acompañaron a Egipto con sus familias:

2-4 Rubén, Simeón, Leví, Judá, Isacar, Zabulón, Benjamín, Dan, Neftalí, Gad y Aser.

El número total de las personas que lo acompañaron fue de setenta (porque José ya estaba allá).

Con el correr del tiempo, José y sus hermanos murieron, y se acabó toda aquella generación. Pero sus descendientes fueron muy fructíferos y se multiplicaron rápidamente, de modo que llegaron a ser un pueblo muy numeroso y fuerte. ¡Todo el país se fue llenando de israelitas!

Pasado el tiempo, subió al trono de Egipto un nuevo rey que no se sintió comprometido con los descendientes de José. «Estos israelitas se han convertido en un peligro para nosotros, porque son demasiados —dijo a su pueblo—. 10 Tenemos que buscar la manera de ponerle fin a esto. De otro modo, en caso de guerra, podrían aliarse con nuestros enemigos, pelear en contra de nosotros y escapar del país».

11 Entonces los egipcios esclavizaron a los hebreos, y les pusieron capataces muy crueles. Estos les asignaron la dura tarea de edificar las ciudades de Pitón y Ramsés, que eran las ciudades donde el rey almacenaba todas las provisiones. 12 Pero cuanto más los oprimían los egipcios, más se multiplicaban los israelitas. Los egipcios estaban alarmados 13-14 e hicieron aún más amarga la esclavitud de los hebreos. Los obligaron a trabajar duramente largas jornadas en los campos y a acarrear pesadas cargas de ladrillo y mezcla.

15-16 El faraón, rey de Egipto, ordenó a las parteras que atendían a las mujeres hebreas (dos de las cuales se llamaban Sifrá y Fuvá) que se fijaran en el sexo del bebé a la hora de nacer, y que mataran a todos los niños hebreos en cuanto nacieran, y que dejaran con vida sólo a las niñas. 17 Pero las parteras tenían temor de Dios y desobedecieron al faraón, pues permitían que los niños vivieran.

18 El faraón las citó para que se presentaran delante de él, y les preguntó:

―¿Por qué me han desobedecido y han dejado vivir a los niños?

19 ―Señor —dijeron ellas—, las mujeres hebreas no son como las egipcias, son tan vigorosas que dan a luz antes de que nosotras lleguemos.

20 Dios bendijo a las parteras por haber favorecido a su pueblo. Así que los israelitas siguieron multiplicándose, hasta llegar a ser una nación poderosa. 21 Y como las parteras tuvieron temor de Dios, él les permitió tener muchos hijos. 22 Entonces el faraón ordenó a su pueblo que echaran al río Nilo a todo niño hebreo que naciera, pero que a las niñas las dejaran con vida.

Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob.

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.

And Joseph died, and all his brethren, and all that generation.

And the children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and waxed exceeding mighty; and the land was filled with them.

Now there arose up a new king over Egypt, which knew not Joseph.

And he said unto his people, Behold, the people of the children of Israel are more and mightier than we:

10 Come on, let us deal wisely with them; lest they multiply, and it come to pass, that, when there falleth out any war, they join also unto our enemies, and fight against us, and so get them up out of the land.

11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. And they built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithom and Raamses.

12 But the more they afflicted them, the more they multiplied and grew. And they were grieved because of the children of Israel.

13 And the Egyptians made the children of Israel to serve with rigour:

14 And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

15 And the king of Egypt spake to the Hebrew midwives, of which the name of the one was Shiphrah, and the name of the other Puah:

16 And he said, When ye do the office of a midwife to the Hebrew women, and see them upon the stools; if it be a son, then ye shall kill him: but if it be a daughter, then she shall live.

17 But the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of Egypt commanded them, but saved the men children alive.

18 And the king of Egypt called for the midwives, and said unto them, Why have ye done this thing, and have saved the men children alive?

19 And the midwives said unto Pharaoh, Because the Hebrew women are not as the Egyptian women; for they are lively, and are delivered ere the midwives come in unto them.

20 Therefore God dealt well with the midwives: and the people multiplied, and waxed very mighty.

21 And it came to pass, because the midwives feared God, that he made them houses.

22 And Pharaoh charged all his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save alive.

The Israelites Oppressed

These are the names of the sons of Israel(A) who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.(B) The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy[a] in all;(C) Joseph was already in Egypt.

Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,(D) but the Israelites were exceedingly fruitful; they multiplied greatly, increased in numbers(E) and became so numerous that the land was filled with them.

Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.(F) “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become far too numerous(G) for us.(H) 10 Come, we must deal shrewdly(I) with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country.”(J)

11 So they put slave masters(K) over them to oppress them with forced labor,(L) and they built Pithom and Rameses(M) as store cities(N) for Pharaoh. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites 13 and worked them ruthlessly.(O) 14 They made their lives bitter with harsh labor(P) in brick(Q) and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly.(R)

15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives,(S) whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 “When you are helping the Hebrew women during childbirth on the delivery stool, if you see that the baby is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”(T) 17 The midwives, however, feared(U) God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do;(V) they let the boys live. 18 Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?”

19 The midwives answered Pharaoh, “Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive.”(W)

20 So God was kind to the midwives(X) and the people increased and became even more numerous. 21 And because the midwives feared(Y) God, he gave them families(Z) of their own.

22 Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: “Every Hebrew boy that is born you must throw into the Nile,(AA) but let every girl live.”(AB)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 1:5 Masoretic Text (see also Gen. 46:27); Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint (see also Acts 7:14 and note at Gen. 46:27) seventy-five