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使徒行傳 11
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Traditional)

彼得的解釋

11 使徒和猶太全境的弟兄姊妹都聽說外族人接受了上帝的道。 2 彼得一回到耶路撒冷，嚴守割禮的門徒就指責他： 3 「你竟然去未受割禮之人的家，還和他們一同吃飯！」

4 彼得就把事情的經過一一向他們解釋，說： 5 「我在約帕城禱告的時候，看見一個異象，有一大塊像布的東西四個角吊著從天上降到我面前。 6 我定睛一看，裡面有牲畜、野獸、爬蟲和飛禽。 7 接著，我聽見有聲音對我說，『彼得，起來，宰了吃！』 8 我說，『主啊，這可不行！我從未吃過任何污穢不潔之物！』 9 那從天上來的聲音又說，『上帝已經潔淨的，你不可再稱之為不潔淨。』 10 這樣一連三次，然後一切都被收回天上去了。 11 就在那時候，有三個從凱撒利亞來的人到我住處的門口來找我。 12 聖靈吩咐我跟他們同去，不要猶豫。就這樣，我和這六位弟兄一同到了哥尼流家。 13 他告訴我們天使如何在他家中向他顯現，並對他說，『你派人去約帕，請一位名叫西門·彼得的人來。 14 他有話告訴你，能使你和你的全家得救。』

15 「我開口講話時，聖靈降在他們身上，跟當初降在我們身上的情形一模一樣。 16 我就想起主的話，『約翰用水施洗，但你們要受聖靈的洗禮。』 17 既然上帝給他們恩賜，就如我們信主耶穌基督時給我們一樣，我是誰，怎能攔阻上帝？」 18 大家聽了便安靜下來，轉而歸榮耀給上帝，說：「如此看來，上帝把悔改得永生的機會也賜給了外族人。」

安提阿的教會

19 司提凡殉道後，信徒們因受迫害而四散到各處，遠至腓尼基、塞浦路斯和安提阿，他們只向那裡的猶太人傳福音。 20 不過，有些塞浦路斯和古利奈的信徒到了安提阿之後，也向希臘人傳講主耶穌的福音。 21 上帝的能力伴隨著他們，有許多人信了主。

22 耶路撒冷教會的人聽到這消息後，就派巴拿巴去安提阿。 23 他到達後，看見上帝所賜的恩典，就萬分高興，勸勉他們要全心地忠於主。

24 巴拿巴是個被聖靈充滿、信心堅定的好人。那時信主的人大大增加。 25 他又到大數去找掃羅， 26 找到後，便帶他回安提阿。他們在教會待了一年之久，教導了許多人。門徒被稱為「基督徒」就是從安提阿開始的。

27 當時，有幾位先知從耶路撒冷下到安提阿。 28 其中一位名叫亞迦布，他得到聖靈的啟示，站起來預言天下將有嚴重的饑荒。後來，這事果然在克勞狄執政期間發生了。 29 門徒決定各盡所能，捐款救濟住在猶太境內的弟兄姊妹。 30 他們捐完後，委託巴拿巴和掃羅將款項送交耶路撒冷教會的長老。

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Acts 11
New King James Version

Peter Defends God’s Grace

11 Now the apostles and brethren who were in Judea heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. 2 And when Peter came up to Jerusalem, (A)those of the circumcision contended with him, 3 saying, (B)“You went in to uncircumcised men (C)and ate with them!”

4 But Peter explained it to them (D)in order from the beginning, saying: 5 (E)“I was in the city of Joppa praying; and in a trance I saw a vision, an object descending like a great sheet, let down from heaven by four corners; and it came to me. 6 When I observed it intently and considered, I saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild beasts, creeping things, and birds of the air. 7 And I heard a voice saying to me, ‘Rise, Peter; kill and eat.’ 8 But I said, ‘Not so, Lord! For nothing common or unclean has at any time entered my mouth.’ 9 But the voice answered me again from heaven, ‘What God has cleansed you must not call common.’ 10 Now this was done three times, and all were drawn up again into heaven. 11 At that very moment, three men stood before the house where I was, having been sent to me from Caesarea. 12 Then (F)the Spirit told me to go with them, doubting nothing. Moreover (G)these six brethren accompanied me, and we entered the man’s house. 13 (H)And he told us how he had seen an angel standing in his house, who said to him, ‘Send men to Joppa, and call for Simon whose surname is Peter, 14 who will tell you words by which you and all your household will be saved.’ 15 And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, (I)as upon us at the beginning. 16 Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, (J)‘John indeed baptized with water, but (K)you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’ 17 (L)If therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, (M)who was I that I could withstand God?”

18 When they heard these things they became silent; and they glorified God, saying, (N)“Then God has also granted to the Gentiles repentance to life.”

Barnabas and Saul at Antioch

19 (O)Now those who were scattered after the persecution that arose over Stephen traveled as far as Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to no one but the Jews only. 20 But some of them were men from Cyprus and Cyrene, who, when they had come to Antioch, spoke to (P)the Hellenists, preaching the Lord Jesus. 21 And (Q)the hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number believed and (R)turned to the Lord.

22 Then news of these things came to the ears of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent out (S)Barnabas to go as far as Antioch. 23 When he came and had seen the grace of God, he was glad, and (T)encouraged them all that with purpose of heart they should continue with the Lord. 24 For he was a good man, (U)full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. (V)And a great many people were added to the Lord.

25 Then Barnabas departed for (W)Tarsus to seek Saul. 26 And when he had found him, he brought him to Antioch. So it was that for a whole year they assembled with the church and taught a great many people. And the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch.

Relief to Judea

27 And in these days (X)prophets came from Jerusalem to Antioch. 28 Then one of them, named (Y)Agabus, stood up and showed by the Spirit that there was going to be a great famine throughout all the world, which also happened in the days of (Z)Claudius Caesar. 29 Then the disciples, each according to his ability, determined to send (AA)relief to the brethren dwelling in Judea. 30 (AB)This they also did, and sent it to the elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.

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Handelingen 11
Het Boek

Het goede nieuws ook voor andere volken

11 De overige apostelen en de volgelingen van Jezus die in Israël woonden, hoorden dat nu ook mensen van een ander volk het woord van God hadden aangenomen. 2 Toen Petrus weer in Jeruzalem kwam, maakten de Joodse gelovigen hem het verwijt 3 dat hij met mensen van een ander volk was omgegaan en zelfs met hen had gegeten. 4 Petrus legde hun uit wat er precies gebeurd was. Hij vertelde eerst dat hij in Joppe had gelogeerd. 5 ‘Terwijl ik daar aan het bidden was,’ zei hij, ‘kreeg ik een visioen. Ik zag iets neerdalen wat op een groot kleed leek. Het werd aan de vier hoeken uit de hemel neergelaten tot vlak voor mijn voeten. 6 Toen ik erin keek, zag ik allerlei zoogdieren, reptielen en vogels. 7 Ik hoorde een stem tegen mij zeggen: “Sta op, Petrus! U mag er net zoveel van slachten en eten als u wilt.” Maar ik antwoordde: 8 “Nee, Here, ik heb nog nooit iets gegeten wat mij als Jood verboden is.” 9 Maar de stem kwam nog een keer: “Als God iets rein noemt zodat u het mag eten, dan mag u het niet onrein noemen!” 10 Dit gebeurde drie keer en toen werd het kleed met de dieren weer in de hemel opgetrokken. 11 Op dat moment kwamen er drie mannen aan bij het huis waar ik logeerde. 12 Zij waren door iemand uit Caesarea gestuurd om mij te halen. De Geest zei dat ik zonder aarzelen met hen moest meegaan. En deze zes broeders besloten met mij mee te reizen.

13 Toen wij bij die man in Caesarea thuis kwamen, vertelde hij ons dat hij een engel had gezien. De engel was voor hem gaan staan en had gezegd: “Stuur een paar mannen naar Joppe om een zekere Petrus te halen. 14 Die zal u en al uw huisgenoten vertellen hoe u gered kunt worden.” 15 Ik had nauwelijks iets gezegd of de Heilige Geest viel op hen, net als in het begin op ons. 16 Dat deed mij denken aan iets dat de Here eens tegen ons heeft gezegd: “Johannes doopte met water, maar u zult met de Heilige Geest gedoopt worden.” 17 Als God hun dezelfde gave heeft gegeven als ons, die al in de Here Jezus Christus geloofden, wie ben ik dan dat ik God zou kunnen tegenhouden?’ 18 Toen de anderen dit hoorden, waren zij gerustgesteld. Zij loofden God. ‘Het is dus ook voor andere volken,’ zeiden zij. ‘God laat ook onder hen mensen tot bekering komen, zodat zij eeuwig leven hebben.’

19 De gelovigen die na de marteldood van Stefanus voor de vervolging gevlucht waren, kwamen onder andere in Fenicië, Cyprus en Antiochië. Overal vertelden zij de Joden over Jezus, alleen aan de Joden en aan niemand anders. 20 Maar sommigen van die vluchtelingen waren afkomstig uit Cyprus en Cyrene. Toen zij in Antiochië kwamen, spraken zij ook met niet-Joodse mensen en vertelden hun over de Here Jezus. 21 En de Here hielp hen, zodat veel van hen ook in Hem gingen geloven en zich tot Hem bekeerden.

22 De volgelingen van Jezus in Jeruzalem hoorden ervan en stuurden Barnabas naar Antiochië. 23 Toen hij daar aankwam en zag wat voor grote dingen God deed, was hij heel blij. Hij spoorde allen aan eens en voorgoed te besluiten de Here trouw te blijven, wat het hun ook zou kosten. 24 Barnabas was een goed man, vol van de Heilige Geest en met een sterk geloof. Daarna werden nog veel meer mensen volgelingen van Jezus. 25 Barnabas vertrok naar Tarsus om Saulus op te zoeken. Toen hij hem had gevonden, ging hij met hem naar Antiochië. 26 Daar waren zij samen een heel jaar bij de volgelingen van Jezus te gast en gaven vele mensen onderwijs. In Antiochië werden de volgelingen van Jezus Christus voor het eerst ‘christenen’ genoemd.

27 In die tijd kwamen er uit Jeruzalem enkele profeten naar Antiochië. 28 Een van hen, Agabus, voorspelde dat er een grote hongersnood in dat gebied zou komen, de Heilige Geest had hem dat duidelijk gemaakt. Die hongersnood kwam inderdaad tijdens de regering van keizer Claudius. 29 Daarom besloten de christenen van Antiochië hun geloofsgenoten in Judea te helpen. 30 Ieder van hen gaf zoveel als hij kon missen. En zij stuurden Barnabas en Saulus naar de leiders van de christenen in Jeruzalem om de gift te overhandigen.

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Acts 11
New English Translation

Peter Defends His Actions to the Jerusalem Church

11 Now the apostles and the brothers who were throughout Judea heard that the Gentiles too had accepted[a] the word of God.[b] 2 So when Peter went up to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers[c] took issue with[d] him, 3 saying, “You went to[e] uncircumcised men and shared a meal with[f] them.” 4 But Peter began and explained it to them point by point,[g] saying, 5 “I was in the city of Joppa praying, and in a trance I saw a vision,[h] an object something like a large sheet descending,[i] being let down from heaven[j] by its four corners, and it came to me. 6 As I stared[k] I looked into it and saw four-footed animals of the earth, wild animals, reptiles,[l] and wild birds.[m] 7 I also heard a voice saying to me, ‘Get up, Peter; slaughter[n] and eat!’ 8 But I said, ‘Certainly not, Lord, for nothing defiled or ritually unclean[o] has ever entered my mouth!’ 9 But the voice replied a second time from heaven, ‘What God has made clean, you must not consider[p] ritually unclean!’ 10 This happened three times, and then everything was pulled up to heaven again. 11 At that very moment,[q] three men sent to me from Caesarea[r] approached[s] the house where we were staying.[t] 12 The Spirit told me to accompany them without hesitation. These six brothers[u] also went with me, and we entered the man’s house. 13 He informed us how he had seen an angel standing in his house and saying, ‘Send to Joppa and summon Simon, who is called Peter, 14 who will speak a message[v] to you by which you and your entire household will be saved.’ 15 Then as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell on[w] them just as he did[x] on us at the beginning.[y] 16 And I remembered the word of the Lord,[z] as he used to say,[aa] ‘John baptized with water, but you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’[ab] 17 Therefore if God[ac] gave them the same gift[ad] as he also gave us after believing[ae] in the Lord Jesus Christ,[af] who was I to hinder[ag] God?” 18 When they heard this,[ah] they ceased their objections[ai] and praised[aj] God, saying, “So then, God has granted the repentance[ak] that leads to life even to the Gentiles.”[al]

Activity in the Church at Antioch

19 Now those who had been scattered because of the persecution that took place over Stephen[am] went as far as[an] Phoenicia,[ao] Cyprus,[ap] and Antioch,[aq] speaking the message[ar] to no one but Jews. 20 But there were some men from Cyprus[as] and Cyrene[at] among them who came[au] to Antioch[av] and began to speak to the Greeks[aw] too, proclaiming the good news of the Lord Jesus. 21 The[ax] hand of the Lord was with them, and a great number who believed[ay] turned[az] to the Lord. 22 A report[ba] about them came to the attention[bb] of the church in Jerusalem, and they sent Barnabas[bc] to Antioch.[bd] 23 When[be] he came and saw the grace of God, he rejoiced and encouraged them all to remain true[bf] to the Lord with devoted hearts,[bg] 24 because he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith, and a significant number of people[bh] were brought to the Lord. 25 Then Barnabas departed for Tarsus to look for Saul, 26 and when he found him, he brought him to Antioch.[bi] So[bj] for a whole year Barnabas and Saul[bk] met with the church and taught a significant number of people.[bl] Now it was in Antioch[bm] that the disciples were first called Christians.[bn]

Famine Relief for Judea

27 At that time[bo] some[bp] prophets[bq] came down[br] from Jerusalem to Antioch.[bs] 28 One of them, named Agabus, got up[bt] and predicted[bu] by the Spirit that a severe[bv] famine[bw] was about to come over the whole inhabited world.[bx] (This[by] took place during the reign of Claudius.)[bz] 29 So the disciples, each in accordance with his financial ability,[ca] decided[cb] to send relief[cc] to the brothers living in Judea. 30 They did so,[cd] sending their financial aid[ce] to the elders by Barnabas and Saul.

Footnotes

  1. Acts 11:1 tn See BDAG 221 s.v. δέχομαι 5 for this translation of ἐδέξαντο (edexanto) here.
  2. Acts 11:1 tn Here the phrase “word of God” is another way to describe the gospel (note the preceding verb ἐδέξαντο, edexanto, “accepted”). The phrase could also be translated “the word [message] from God.”
  3. Acts 11:2 tn Or “the Jewish Christians”; Grk “those of the circumcision.” Within the larger group of Christians were some whose loyalties ran along ethnic-religious lines.
  4. Acts 11:2 tn Or “believers disputed with,” “believers criticized” (BDAG 231 s.v. διακρίνω 5.b).
  5. Acts 11:3 tn Or “You were a guest in the home of” (according to L&N 23.12).
  6. Acts 11:3 tn Or “and ate with.” It was table fellowship and the possibility of eating unclean food that disturbed them.
  7. Acts 11:4 tn Or “to them in logical sequence,” “to them in order.” BDAG 490 s.v. καθεξῆς has “explain to someone point by point” for this phrase. This is the same term used in Luke 1:3.
  8. Acts 11:5 tn This term describes a supernatural vision and reflects a clear distinction from something imagined (BDAG 718 s.v. ὅραμα 1). Peter repeated the story virtually word for word through v. 13. The repetition with this degree of detail shows the event’s importance.
  9. Acts 11:5 tn Or “coming down.”
  10. Acts 11:5 tn Or “the sky” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
  11. Acts 11:6 tn Grk “Staring I looked into it.” The participle ἀτενίσας (atenisas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  12. Acts 11:6 tn Or “snakes.” Grk “creeping things.” According to L&N 4.51, in most biblical contexts the term (due to the influence of Hebrew classifications such as Gen 1:25-26, 30) included small four-footed animals like rats, mice, frogs, toads, salamanders, and lizards. In this context, however, where “creeping things” are contrasted with “four-footed animals,” the English word “reptiles,” which primarily but not exclusively designates snakes, is probably more appropriate.
  13. Acts 11:6 tn Grk “the birds of the sky” or “the birds of the heaven”; the Greek word οὐρανός (ouranos) may be translated either “sky” or “heaven,” depending on the context. The idiomatic expression “birds of the sky” refers to wild birds as opposed to domesticated fowl (cf. BDAG 809 s.v. πετεινόν).
  14. Acts 11:7 tn Or “kill.” Traditionally θῦσον (thuson) is translated “kill,” but in the case of animals intended for food, “slaughter” is more appropriate.
  15. Acts 11:8 tn Possibly there is a subtle distinction in meaning between κοινός (koinos) and ἀκάθαρτος (akathartos) here, but according to L&N 53.39 it is difficult to determine precise differences in meaning based on existing contexts. The sentiment Peter expressed is like Ezek 4:14.
  16. Acts 11:9 tn Or “declare.” The wording matches Acts 10:15.
  17. Acts 11:11 tn Grk “And behold.”
  18. Acts 11:11 sn Caesarea was a city on the coast of Palestine south of Mount Carmel (not Caesarea Philippi). See the note on Caesarea in Acts 10:1.
  19. Acts 11:11 tn See BDAG 418 s.v. ἐφίστημι 1 for this meaning for ἐπέστησαν (epestēsan) here.
  20. Acts 11:11 tn The word “staying” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
  21. Acts 11:12 sn Six witnesses is three times more than what would normally be required. They could confirm the events were not misrepresented by Peter.
  22. Acts 11:14 tn Grk “words” (ῥήματα, rhēmata), but in this context the overall message is meant rather than the individual words.
  23. Acts 11:15 tn Or “came down on.”
  24. Acts 11:15 tn The words “he did” are not in the Greek text but are implied. They form an ellipsis which must be supplied for the modern English reader. Some modern translations supply “it” rather than “he” because the gender of πνεῦμα (pneuma) in Greek is neuter, but there are sufficient NT contexts that use masculine pronouns to refer to the Spirit to justify the use of a masculine pronoun here in the translation.
  25. Acts 11:15 sn At the beginning is an allusion to Acts 2 and Pentecost. The beginning is a way to refer to the start of the period of the realization of Jesus’ promise in Luke 24:49 and Acts 1:8. Peter was arguing that God gave Gentiles the same benefits he gave the Jews at the start of their mission.
  26. Acts 11:16 sn The word of the Lord is a technical expression in OT literature, often referring to a divine prophetic utterance (e.g., Gen 15:1, Isa 1:10, Jonah 1:1). In the NT it occurs 15 times: 3 times as ῥῆμα τοῦ κυρίου (rhēma tou kuriou; here and in Luke 22:61, 1 Pet 1:25) and 12 times as λόγος τοῦ κυρίου (logos tou kuriou; Acts 8:25; 13:44, 48, 49; 15:35, 36; 16:32; 19:10, 20; 1 Thess 1:8; 4:15; 2 Thess 3:1). As in the OT, this phrase focuses on the prophetic nature and divine origin of what has been said.
  27. Acts 11:16 tn The imperfect verb ἔλεγεν (elegen) is taken as a customary imperfect.
  28. Acts 11:16 sn John…Spirit. This remark repeats Acts 1:5.
  29. Acts 11:17 tc Codex Bezae (D) and a few other Western witnesses here lack ὁ θεός (ho theos, “God”), perhaps because these scribes considered the Holy Spirit to be the gift of Christ rather than the gift of God; thus leaving the subject implicit would naturally draw the reader back to v. 16 to see the Lord Jesus as the bestower of the Spirit.
  30. Acts 11:17 sn That is, the same gift of the Holy Spirit.
  31. Acts 11:17 tn Or “gave us when we believed”; or “gave us after we believed”; or “gave us who believed”; or “gave them when they believed the same gift as he also gave us.” The aorist dative plural participle πιστεύσασιν (pisteusasin) can be understood in several different ways: (1) It could modify ἡμῖν (hēmin, “us”) or αὐτοῖς (autois, “them”). Proximity (it immediately follows ἡμῖν) would suggest that it belongs with ἡμῖν, so the last option (“gave them when they believed the same gift he also gave us”) is less likely. (2) The participle could be either adverbial or adjectival, modifying ἡμῖν. This decision is primarily a contextual one. The point Peter made is not whether or not the Gentiles believed, since both groups (“us” and “they”) had believed in the Lord Jesus Christ. The point was whether or not the Gentiles received the Spirit when they believed, just as Jewish Christians had received the Spirit on the day of Pentecost when they believed. Translated as an adjectival participle, πιστεύσασιν only affirms the fact of belief, however, and raises somewhat of a theological problem if one realizes, “Would God have given the Gentiles the Spirit if they had not believed?” (In other words, belief in itself is a theological prerequisite for receiving the Spirit. As such, in the case of the Gentiles, it is assumed.) Thus in context it makes more sense to understand the participle πιστεύσασιν as adverbial, related to the time of belief in connection with the giving of the Spirit. (3) The participle πιστεύσασιν as a temporal participle can refer to action antecedent to the action of the main verb ἔδωκεν (edōken) or contemporaneous with it. Logically, at least, the gift of the Spirit followed belief in the case of the original Christians, who had believed before the day of Pentecost. In the case of Cornelius and his household, belief and the reception of the Spirit were virtually simultaneous. One can argue that Peter is “summarizing” the experience of Jewish Christians, and therefore the actions of belief and reception of the Spirit, while historically separate, have been “telescoped” into one (“gave them the same gift as he gave us when we believed”), but to be technically accurate the participle πιστεύσασιν should be translated “gave them the same gift as he also gave us after we believed.” A number of these problems can be avoided, however, by using a translation in English that maintains some of the ambiguity of the Greek original. Thus “if God gave them the same gift as he also gave us after believing” is used, where the phrase “after believing” can refer either to “them” or to “us,” or both.
  32. Acts 11:17 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
  33. Acts 11:17 tn Or “prevent,” “forbid” (BDAG 580 s.v. κωλύω 1.a). Peter’s point is that he will not stand in the way of God.
  34. Acts 11:18 tn Grk “these things.”
  35. Acts 11:18 tn Or “became silent,” but this would create an apparent contradiction with the subsequent action of praising God. The point, in context, is that they ceased objecting to what Peter had done.
  36. Acts 11:18 tn Or “glorified.”
  37. Acts 11:18 sn Here the summary phrase for responding to the gospel is the repentance that leads to life. Note how the presence of life is tied to the presence of the Spirit (cf. John 4:7-42; 7:37-39).
  38. Acts 11:18 sn In the Greek text the phrase even to the Gentiles is in an emphatic position.
  39. Acts 11:19 sn The phrase over Stephen means in connection with Stephen’s death. See Acts 8:1b-3.
  40. Acts 11:19 tn Or “finally reached.” The translations “went as far as” and “finally reached” for διῆλθον (diēlthon) in this verse are given in L&N 15.17.
  41. Acts 11:19 sn Phoenicia was an area along the Mediterranean coast north of Palestine.
  42. Acts 11:19 tn Grk “and Cyprus,” but καί (kai) has not been translated since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.
  43. Acts 11:19 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). This was probably the third largest city in the Greco-Roman world (Alexandria in Egypt was the second largest, and Rome the largest) and was the seat of government in Syria. Five miles away was a major temple to Artemis, Apollo, and Astarte, major pagan deities.
  44. Acts 11:19 tn Grk “word.”
  45. Acts 11:20 sn Cyprus was a large island in the Mediterranean off the south coast of Asia Minor.
  46. Acts 11:20 sn Cyrene was a city on the northern African coast west of Egypt.
  47. Acts 11:20 tn Grk “among them, coming to Antioch began to speak.” The participle ἐλθόντες (elthontes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  48. Acts 11:20 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
  49. Acts 11:20 sn The statement that some men from Cyprus and Cyrene…began to speak to the Greeks shows that Peter’s experience of reaching out to the Gentiles was not unique.
  50. Acts 11:21 tn Grk “And the.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.
  51. Acts 11:21 tn The participle πιστεύσας (pisteusas) is articular and thus cannot be adverbial. It is adjectival, modifying ἀριθμός (arithmos), but has been translated into English as a relative clause (“who believed”).
  52. Acts 11:21 sn Again, the expression turned is a summary term for responding to the gospel.
  53. Acts 11:22 tn Grk “Word.”
  54. Acts 11:22 tn Grk “was heard in the ears,” an idiom. L&N 24.67 states that the idiom means “to hear in secret” (which it certainly does in Matt 10:27), but secrecy does not seem to be part of the context here, and there is no particular reason to suggest the report was made in secret.
  55. Acts 11:22 tc ‡ Most mss read the infinitive “to travel” after “Barnabas.” διελθεῖν (dielthein) is found before ἕως (heōs) in D E Ψ 33 M and some versional mss. It is lacking in P74 א A B 81 1739 and some versional mss. Although the infinitive with ἕως fits Lukan style, it has the appearance of a scribal clarification. The infinitive has the earmarks of a Western expansion on the text and thus is unlikely to be autographic. NA28 has the infinitive in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.
  56. Acts 11:22 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19. Again the Jerusalem church exercised an oversight role.
  57. Acts 11:23 tn Grk “Antioch, who when.” The relative pronoun was omitted and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
  58. Acts 11:23 tn BDAG 883 s.v. προσμένω 1.a.β has “remain true to the Lord” for προσμένειν (prosmenein) in this verse.sn He…encouraged them all to remain true to the Lord. The call to faithfulness is frequent in Acts (2:40; 14:22; 15:32; 16:39; 20:1-2).
  59. Acts 11:23 tn Grk “with purpose of heart”; BDAG 869 s.v. πρόθεσις 2.a translates this phrase “purpose of heart, i.e. devotion” here.
  60. Acts 11:24 tn Grk “a significant crowd.”
  61. Acts 11:26 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
  62. Acts 11:26 tn Grk “So it happened that” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
  63. Acts 11:26 tn Grk “year they”; the referents (Barnabas and Saul) have been specified in the translation for clarity.
  64. Acts 11:26 tn Grk “a significant crowd.”
  65. Acts 11:26 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
  66. Acts 11:26 sn The term Christians appears only here, in Acts 26:28, and 1 Pet 4:16 in the NT.
  67. Acts 11:27 tn Grk “In these days,” but the dative generally indicates a specific time.
  68. Acts 11:27 tn The word “some” is not in the Greek text, but is usually used in English when an unspecified number is mentioned.
  69. Acts 11:27 sn Prophets are mentioned only here and in 13:1 and 21:10 in Acts.
  70. Acts 11:27 sn Came down from Jerusalem. Antioch in Syria lies due north of Jerusalem. In Western languages it is common to speak of north as “up” and south as “down,” but the NT maintains the Hebrew idiom which speaks of any direction away from Jerusalem as down (since Mount Zion was thought of in terms of altitude).
  71. Acts 11:27 sn Antioch was a city in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia). See the note in 11:19.
  72. Acts 11:28 tn Grk “getting up, predicted.” The participle ἀναστάς (anastas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  73. Acts 11:28 tn Or “made clear”; Grk “indicated beforehand” (BDAG 920 s.v. σημαίνω 2).
  74. Acts 11:28 tn Grk “great.”
  75. Acts 11:28 sn This famine is one of the firmly fixed dates in Acts. It took place from a.d. 45-48. The events described in chap. 11 of Acts occurred during the early part of that period.
  76. Acts 11:28 tn Or “whole Roman Empire.” While the word οἰκουμένη (oikoumenē) does occasionally refer specifically to the Roman Empire, BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουνένη 2 does not list this passage (only Acts 24:5 and 17:6).
  77. Acts 11:28 tn Grk “world, which.” The relative pronoun (“which”) was replaced by the demonstrative pronoun “this” and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
  78. Acts 11:28 sn This is best taken as a parenthetical note by the author. Claudius was the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, known as Claudius, who ruled from a.d. 41-54.
  79. Acts 11:29 tn So BDAG 410 s.v. εὐπορέω.
  80. Acts 11:29 tn Or “determined,” “resolved.”
  81. Acts 11:29 tn Grk “to send [something] for a ministry,” but today it is common to speak of sending relief for victims of natural disasters.sn The financial relief reflects the oneness of the church, meeting the needs of another (even racially distinct) community. Jerusalem, having ministered to them, now received ministry back. A later collection from Greece is noted in Rom 15:25-27, but it reflects the same spirit as this gift.
  82. Acts 11:30 tn Grk “Judea, which they did.” The relative pronoun was omitted and a new sentence was begun in the translation at this point to improve the English style, due to the length of the sentence in Greek.
  83. Acts 11:30 tn The words “their financial aid” are not in the Greek text, but are implied. Direct objects in Greek were often omitted when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.
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