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Nabucodonosor, árbol caído

El rey Nabucodonosor,

a todos los pueblos y naciones que habitan en este mundo, y a toda lengua:

¡Paz y prosperidad para todos!

Me es grato daros a conocer las señales y maravillas que el Dios Altísimo ha realizado en mi favor. ¡Cuán grandes son sus señales! ¡Cuán portentosas son sus maravillas! ¡Su reino es un reino eterno! ¡Su soberanía permanece de generación en generación!

Yo, Nabucodonosor, estaba en mi palacio, feliz y lleno de prosperidad, cuando tuve un sueño que me infundió miedo. Recostado en mi lecho, las imágenes y visiones que pasaron por mi mente me llenaron de terror. Ordené entonces que vinieran a mi presencia todos los sabios de Babilonia para que me interpretaran el sueño. Cuando llegaron los magos, hechiceros, astrólogos y adivinos, les conté mi sueño, pero no me lo pudieron interpretar. Finalmente Daniel, que en honor a mi dios también se llama Beltsasar, se presentó ante mí y le conté mi sueño, pues en él reposa el espíritu de los santos dioses.

Yo le dije: «Beltsasar, jefe de los magos, yo sé que en ti reposa el espíritu de los santos dioses, y que no hay para ti ningún misterio demasiado difícil de resolver. Te voy a contar mi sueño, y quiero que me digas lo que significa. 10 Y esta es la tremenda visión que tuve mientras reposaba en mi lecho: Veía ante mí un árbol de altura impresionante, plantado en medio de la tierra. 11 El árbol creció y se hizo fuerte, y su copa tocaba el cielo, ¡hasta podía verse desde cualquier punto de la tierra! 12 Tenía un hermoso follaje y abundantes frutos; ¡todo el mundo hallaba en él su alimento! Hasta las bestias salvajes venían a refugiarse bajo su sombra, y en sus ramas anidaban las aves del cielo. ¡Ese árbol alimentaba a todos los animales!

13 »En la visión que tuve mientras reposaba en mi lecho, vi ante mí a un mensajero santo que descendía del cielo 14 y que fuertemente me gritaba: “¡Derriba el árbol y córtale las ramas; arráncale las hojas y esparce los frutos! ¡Haz que las bestias huyan de su sombra, y que las aves abandonen sus nidos! 15 Pero deja enterrados el tocón y las raíces; sujétalos con hierro y bronce entre la hierba del campo. Deja que se empape con el rocío del cielo, y que habite con los animales y entre las plantas de la tierra. 16 Deja que su mente humana se trastorne y se vuelva como la de un animal, hasta que hayan transcurrido siete años.[a] 17 Los santos mensajeros han anunciado la decisión, es decir, el veredicto, para que todos los vivientes reconozcan que el Dios Altísimo es el Soberano de todos los reinos humanos, y que se los entrega a quien él quiere, y hasta pone sobre ellos al más humilde de los hombres”.

18 »Yo, Nabucodonosor, tuve este sueño. Ahora tú, Beltsasar, dime qué es lo que significa, ya que ninguno de los sabios de mi reino me lo pudo interpretar. ¡Pero tú sí puedes hacerlo, porque en ti reposa el espíritu de los santos dioses!»

Daniel interpreta el sueño del rey

19 Daniel, conocido también como Beltsasar, se quedó desconcertado por algún tiempo y aterrorizado por sus propios pensamientos; por eso el rey le dijo:

―Beltsasar, no te dejes alarmar por este sueño y su significado.

A esto Daniel respondió:

―¡Ojalá que el sueño y su significado tengan que ver con los acérrimos enemigos del rey! 20 La copa del árbol que veías crecer y fortalecerse tocaba el cielo; ¡hasta podía verse desde cualquier punto de la tierra! 21 Ese árbol tenía un hermoso follaje y daba abundantes frutos que alimentaban a todo el mundo; bajo su sombra se refugiaban las bestias salvajes, y en sus ramas anidaban las aves del cielo. 22 Ese árbol eres tú, rey, que te has hecho fuerte y poderoso, y con tu grandeza has alcanzado el cielo. ¡Tu dominio se extiende a los lugares más remotos de la tierra!

23 »Tú, rey, veías que del cielo bajaba un mensajero santo, el cual te ordenaba derribar el árbol y destruirlo, y dejarlo enterrado para que se empapara con el rocío del cielo, aunque tenías que sujetar con hierro y bronce el tocón y las raíces. De este modo viviría como los animales salvajes hasta que transcurrieran siete años.

24 »La interpretación del sueño, y el decreto que el Altísimo ha emitido contra ti, rey, es como sigue: 25 Serás apartado de la gente y habitarás con los animales salvajes; comerás pasto como el ganado, y te empaparás con el rocío del cielo. Siete años pasarán hasta que reconozcas que el Altísimo es el Soberano de todos los reinos del mundo, y que se los entrega a quien él quiere. 26 La orden de dejar el tocón y las raíces del árbol quiere decir que recibirás nuevamente el reino, cuando hayas reconocido que el verdadero reino es el del cielo. 27 Por lo tanto, oh rey, yo te ruego que aceptes el consejo que te voy a dar: Renuncia a tus pecados y actúa con justicia; renuncia a tu maldad y sé bondadoso con los oprimidos. Tal vez entonces tu prosperidad vuelva a ser la de antes».

28 En efecto, todo esto le sucedió al rey Nabucodonosor. 29 Doce meses después, mientras daba un paseo por la terraza del palacio real de Babilonia, 30 exclamó: «¡Mirad la gran Babilonia que he construido como capital del reino! ¡La he construido con mi gran poder, para mi propia honra!»

31 No había terminado de hablar cuando se escuchó una voz que desde el cielo decía:

«Este es el decreto en cuanto a ti, rey Nabucodonosor. Tu autoridad real se te ha quitado. 32 Serás apartado de la gente y vivirás entre los animales salvajes; comerás pasto como el ganado, y siete años transcurrirán hasta que reconozcas que el Altísimo es el Soberano de todos los reinos del mundo, y que se los entrega a quien él quiere».

33 Y al instante se cumplió lo anunciado a Nabucodonosor. Lo separaron de la gente, y comió pasto como el ganado. Su cuerpo se empapó con el rocío del cielo, y hasta el pelo y las uñas le crecieron como plumas y garras de águila.

34 Pasado ese tiempo yo, Nabucodonosor, elevé los ojos al cielo, y recobré el juicio. Entonces alabé al Altísimo; honré y glorifiqué al que vive para siempre:

Su dominio es eterno;
    su reino permanece para siempre.
35 Ninguno de los pueblos de la tierra
    merece ser tenido en cuenta.
Dios hace lo que quiere
    con los poderes celestiales
    y con los pueblos de la tierra.
No hay quien se oponga a su poder
    ni quien le pida cuentas de sus actos.

36 Recobré el juicio, y al momento me fueron devueltos la honra, el esplendor y la gloria de mi reino. Mis consejeros y cortesanos vinieron a buscarme, y me fue devuelto el trono. ¡Llegué a ser más poderoso que antes! 37 Por eso yo, Nabucodonosor, alabo, exalto y glorifico al Rey del cielo, porque siempre procede con rectitud y justicia, y es capaz de humillar a los soberbios.

Footnotes

  1. 4:16 años. Lit. tiempos; también en vv. 23,25,32.

Nebuchadnezzar Declares What the Most High God Has Done for Him

[a] Nebuchadnezzar the king to all of the nations, the peoples and languages that live in the whole earth: “May your prosperity increase! It is pleasing to me to recount the signs and wonders that the Most High God worked for me. How great are his signs and wonders, how strong is his kingdom, an everlasting kingdom;[b] and his sovereignty is from generation to generation.

The Dream and the King’s Search for an Interpreter

“I, Nebuchadnezzar, was content in my house and prospering in my palace. And I saw a dream and a revelation on my bed and it frightened me, and the visions of my head terrified me. And a decree was sent out,[c] ordering that all the wise men of Babylon were to be brought in before me so that they may make known to me the explanation of the dream. Then the magicians,[d] the conjurers,[e] the astrologers[f] and the diviners came in and I told them the dream, but they could not make known to me its explanation.[g] Then at last[h] Daniel came before me whose name was[i] Belteshazzar, according to[j] the name of my god, and in whom was the spirit of the holy gods,[k] and I related the dream to him.[l]

“‘O Belteshazzar, chief of the magicians,[m] I myself know that the spirit[n] of the holy gods is in you, and no mystery is too difficult[o] for you. Now tell me the visions of my dream that I saw, and its explanation.[p] 10 Now these were the visions of my head as I was lying on my bed: I was gazing[q] and, look, a tree was in the midst of the earth, and its height was exalted.

11 The tree grew and it became strong,
    and its height reached to heaven,[r]
    and it was visible to the end of the whole earth.[s]
12 Its foliage was beautiful,
    and its fruit abundant,
    and in it was provision for all.
Under it the animals[t] of the field sought shade,
    and in its branches the birds of heaven[u] nested,
    and from it all the living beings were fed.

13 “‘I was looking in the vision of my head as I lay on my bed, and look, a watcher,[v] and a holy one, came down from heaven.

14 He cried aloud[w] and so he said:

“Cut down the tree and chop off its branches;
    shake off its foliage and scatter its fruit.
Let the animals flee from under it,
    and the birds from its branches.
15 But the stump of its roots
    leave in the earth,
along with[x] a band of iron and bronze;
    leave it in the grass of the field.
And in[y] the dew of heaven
    let it[z] be watered,
and with the animals[aa]
    let his lot be in the grass of the earth.
16 Let his mind be changed from that of a human,[ab]
    and let the mind of an animal be given to him,
    and let seven times pass over him.
17 The sentence is by the decree of the watchers,
    and the decision by the command of the holy ones,
in order that[ac] the living will know
    that the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of humankind,
and to whomever[ad] he wills he gives it,
    and he even sets the humblest of men over it.”

18 “‘This is the dream that I, Nebuchadnezzar the king, saw. Now[ae] you, Belteshazzar, declare its explanation, for[af] all of the wise men of my kingdom were not able to make the explanation known to me, but you are able because the spirit of holy gods is in you.’

Daniel Relates and Interprets the Dream

19 “Then Daniel, whose name was Belteshazzar, was distressed for some time,[ag] and his thoughts disturbed him. The king answered and he said, ‘Belteshazzar, let the dream and its explanation not disturb you.’ Belteshazzar answered and said, ‘My lord, may the dream and its explanation be for those who hate you and for your enemies. 20 The tree that you saw, which grew and became strong and its height reached to heaven[ah] and it was visible to the end of the whole earth,[ai] 21 and its foliage was beautiful and its fruit abundant, and so there was provision for all in it, and the animals[aj] of the field lived under it and in its branches nest the birds of heaven,[ak] 22 —it is you, O king, who have grown great and you have grown strong, and so your greatness has increased and it has reached to heaven[al] and your sovereignty to the end of the earth. 23 And inasmuch that the king saw the watcher, a holy one coming down from heaven[am] and he said, “Cut down the tree and destroy it, but the stump of its root in the earth leave with a band of iron and bronze in the grass of the field, and let it be watered with the dew of heaven and let his lot be with the animals of the field until seven times have passed over him.”[an] 24 This is the explanation, O king, and it is a decree of the Most High that has come upon my lord the king: 25 you will be driven away from human society[ao] and you will dwell[ap] with the animals[aq] of the field, and you will be caused to graze grass like the oxen yourself,[ar] and you will be watered with the dew of heaven, and seven periods of time will pass over you until that you have acknowledged that the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of humankind, and to whom he wills[as] he gives it. 26 And in that[at] they said to leave alone the stump of the tree’s root, so your kingdom will be restored for you when[au] you acknowledge that heaven is sovereign. 27 Therefore, O king, let my advice be acceptable to you and your sin remove[av] with righteousness and your iniquity with having mercy on the oppressed, in case there might be a prolongation of your prosperity.’”[aw]

God Judges the King for His Hubris

28 All this happened[ax] to Nebuchadnezzar the king. 29 At the end of twelve months he was walking on the roof of the royal palace[ay] of Babylon. 30 And the king answered and said, “Is this not the great Babylon which I have built as a royal palace by the strength of my own power, and for the glory of my own majesty?” 31 While the words were still in the mouth of the king, a voice from heaven came, saying, ‘To you, King Nebuchadnezzar, it is declared that the kingdom has departed from you, 32 and you will be driven away from human society[az] and your dwelling will be with the animals[ba] of the field and they will cause you to graze the grass like oxen, and seven times will pass over you, until you acknowledge that the Most High is sovereign over the kingdom of humankind and that he gives it to whom he wills.’ 33 Immediately[bb] the word was fulfilled concerning[bc] Nebuchadnezzar, and he was expelled from human society[bd] and he ate grass like oxen, and his body was bathed with the dew of heaven until his hair was like the hair of an eagle and his nails grew like a bird’s claws.

The King Praises and Extols the Most High God

34 “But at the end of that period,[be] I, Nebuchadnezzar, lifted up my eyes to heaven, and then my reason returned to me; and I blessed the Most High and the one who lives forever[bf] I praised and I honored.

“For his sovereignty is an everlasting sovereignty,
    and his kingdom continues from generation to generation.
35 And all the dwellers of the earth
    are regarded as nothing,
and he does according to[bg] his desire
    in the host of heaven and among the dwellers of earth,
and there is not one who can hold back his hand,
    or ask him,[bh] ‘What are you doing?’

36 At that time[bi] my reason returned to me, and also the glory of my kingdom and my majesty and splendor returned to me, and my advisers and my lords[bj] searched me out, and I was established over my kingdom and abundant greatness was added to me. 37 Now I, Nebuchadnezzar, praise and exalt and honor the king of heaven, for all his works are truth,[bk] and his ways are justice and that he is able to humble those who walk in pride.”

Footnotes

  1. Daniel 4:1 Daniel 4:1–4:37 in the English Bible is 3:31–4:34 in the Hebrew Bible
  2. Daniel 4:3 Literally “a kingdom of eternity”
  3. Daniel 4:6 Literally “put/placed”
  4. Daniel 4:7 Or “soothsayer-priests”
  5. Daniel 4:7 Or “enchanters”
  6. Daniel 4:7 Literally “Chaldeans”
  7. Daniel 4:7 Or “interpretation”
  8. Daniel 4:8 Literally “until another”
  9. Daniel 4:8 Literally “who name his”
  10. Daniel 4:8 Literally “like”
  11. Daniel 4:8 Literally “and who the spirit of gods holy in him”
  12. Daniel 4:8 Literally “and the dream before him I told”
  13. Daniel 4:9 Or “soothsayer-priests”
  14. Daniel 4:9 Or “a spirit”
  15. Daniel 4:9 Literally “every mystery is not difficult”
  16. Daniel 4:9 Or “interpretation”
  17. Daniel 4:10 Literally “seeing”
  18. Daniel 4:11 Or “the sky”
  19. Daniel 4:11 Literally “and its appearance was to the end of the whole earth”
  20. Daniel 4:12 Aramaic “animal”
  21. Daniel 4:12 Or “the sky”
  22. Daniel 4:13 Or “angelic being”
  23. Daniel 4:14 Literally “in strength”
  24. Daniel 4:15 Literally “and with”
  25. Daniel 4:15 Or “with”
  26. Daniel 4:15 Or “him,” that is, the king
  27. Daniel 4:15 Aramaic “animal”
  28. Daniel 4:16 Or “the human”
  29. Daniel 4:17 Literally “until matter that”
  30. Daniel 4:17 Literally “to whom that”
  31. Daniel 4:18 Or “And”
  32. Daniel 4:18 Literally “all of because that”
  33. Daniel 4:19 Literally “for one hour”
  34. Daniel 4:20 Or “the sky”
  35. Daniel 4:20 Literally “its appearance to the all the earth”
  36. Daniel 4:21 Aramaic “animal”
  37. Daniel 4:21 Or “the sky”
  38. Daniel 4:22 Or “the sky”
  39. Daniel 4:23 Or “the sky”
  40. Daniel 4:23 Literally “until that seven times they pass over him”
  41. Daniel 4:25 Literally “from the humankind”
  42. Daniel 4:25 Literally “your dwelling will be”
  43. Daniel 4:25 Aramaic “animal”
  44. Daniel 4:25 Literally “with respect to you”
  45. Daniel 4:25 Literally “that he wills”
  46. Daniel 4:26 Literally “And for”
  47. Daniel 4:26 Literally “from that”
  48. Daniel 4:27 Or “replace”
  49. Daniel 4:27 Literally “if will be prolongation for your prosperity”
  50. Daniel 4:28 Literally “It came upon”
  51. Daniel 4:29 Literally “the place of the kingdom”
  52. Daniel 4:32 Literally “the humankind”
  53. Daniel 4:32 Aramaic “animal”
  54. Daniel 4:33 Literally “In that hour”
  55. Daniel 4:33 Literally “over”
  56. Daniel 4:33 Literally “the humankind”
  57. Daniel 4:34 Literally “the day”
  58. Daniel 4:34 Literally “the one living forever”
  59. Daniel 4:35 Literally “as”
  60. Daniel 4:35 Literally “or asks to him”
  61. Daniel 4:36 Literally “In it the time”
  62. Daniel 4:36 Or “nobles”
  63. Daniel 4:37 Or “true”