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以西结书 23
Chinese Contemporary Bible (Simplified)

两个淫妇的比喻

23 耶和华对我说： 2 “人子啊，有一对同胞姊妹， 3 她们在埃及做娼妓，年轻时就淫乱，任人抚摸她们的胸，玩弄她们的乳。 4 姐姐名叫阿荷拉，妹妹名叫阿荷利巴。后来她们都归属了我，并且生儿育女。阿荷拉即撒玛利亚，阿荷利巴即耶路撒冷。

5 “阿荷拉归属我后仍然淫乱，贪恋她的情人——亚述人。 6 他们都是身穿紫衣的省长和总督，都是英俊的年轻骑士。 7 她便与这些亚述的精英放纵情欲，拜他们的偶像，玷污自己。 8 她没有放弃在埃及的淫荡行为，她年轻的时候就任人玩弄、发泄情欲。 9 因此，我把她交在她所恋慕的亚述人手里。 10 他们扒光她的衣服，夺去她的儿女，用刀杀了她。她受了报应，成了妇女口中的笑柄。

11 “她妹妹阿荷利巴看见这一切，不但没有引以为戒，反而更加放荡淫乱。 12 她贪恋亚述的省长和总督，那些衣着华丽、英俊的年轻骑士。 13 我看见她玷污了自己，与姐姐的行径如出一辙。 14 她还变本加厉地放荡淫乱，看见墙上用朱砂画着迦勒底人的像， 15 腰间束带，头巾飘扬，都像是来自迦勒底的巴比伦人的将领， 16 便恋上了他们，差遣使者到他们那里。 17 巴比伦人便来上她的床，放纵情欲玷污了她。之后，她便厌弃他们。 18 她继续公开地淫乱，在众人面前赤身露体，我厌弃她，像厌弃她姐姐一样。 19 她却更加淫乱，怀念自己年轻时在埃及为娼的日子， 20 怎样与那些体壮精足、如驴似马的情人纵淫， 21 渴望重温早年的淫行，任埃及人摸胸弄乳。

22 “因此，主耶和华对阿荷利巴这样说，‘我要使那些被你离弃的情人从四面八方来攻击你。 23 他们是巴比伦人，还有从比割、书亚和哥亚来的迦勒底人以及亚述人，都是骑马的省长和总督及年轻英俊的有名将领。 24 他们率领大队人马，带着兵器、战车和军需车来攻击你。他们顶盔贯甲，手拿盾牌从四面八方进攻你。我要让他们惩罚你，他们会按自己的律例来审判你。 25 我要借着他们向你倾倒我的义愤，他们要在愤怒中对付你，割去你的鼻子和耳朵，掳去你的儿女，城中剩下的人都要死于刀下，被火吞噬。 26 他们要剥下你的衣服，夺去你的珠宝。 27 我要借此制止你从埃及染上的淫乱和放荡，使你不再向往埃及。 28 我要把你交在你所厌恶的人手中， 29 他们必满怀仇恨地对付你，夺去你努力得来的一切，留下你赤身露体，使你淫荡的丑恶公布于众。 30 因为你与各国苟合，被他们的偶像玷污，这些事必临到你身上。 31 你既然步你姐姐的后尘，我要让你喝她喝的那杯。’

32 “主耶和华说，

“‘你必喝你姐姐那又大又深的杯，
成为人们耻笑和辱骂的对象。
33 你姐姐撒玛利亚的杯盛满了恐惧和凄凉。
你喝了后必酩酊大醉，
满心忧愁。
34 你必一滴不剩把它喝光，
然后把杯摔成碎片，
抓破自己的胸脯。
这是主耶和华说的。’

35 “主耶和华说，‘你既忘记我，把我抛在脑后，就要受自己放荡淫乱的报应。’”

36 耶和华又对我说：“人子啊，你要审判阿荷拉和阿荷利巴，指出她们的丑行。 37 她们淫荡，手上沾满血腥，与偶像淫乱，把为我所生的儿女烧死献给偶像。 38 同时，她们还在同一天玷污我的圣所，亵渎我的安息日， 39 她们焚烧自己的儿女献祭给偶像，并在当天进入我的圣所，亵渎圣所。这就是她们在我圣所里的恶行。

40 “她们甚至派使者请来远方的人，并且沐浴洗身，描眉画眼，佩戴首饰， 41 坐在华丽的床上，面前的桌子上摆设着我的香料和膏油。 42 她们屋里传出众人的安乐声，从旷野来的酒徒和粗汉把镯子戴在这对姊妹的手腕上，把华冠戴在她们的头上。 43 我说，‘她们纵欲无度、年老色衰，这些人还与她们淫乱。 44 他们与这对淫妇阿荷拉和阿荷利巴淫乱，好像与娼妓淫乱一样。 45 她们是双手沾满血腥的淫妇，必有义人按她们应得的报应审判她们。’

46 “主耶和华说，‘我要使许多人起来攻击、抢掠她们，叫她们胆战心惊。 47 这些人要用石头打死她们，用刀杀戮她们和她们的儿女，用火烧毁她们的房屋。 48 这样，我便制止了这地方的淫乱，所有的妇女都引以为戒，不敢效法她们。 49 她们淫乱，必得报应；她们拜偶像，必受惩罚。这样，你们就知道我是主耶和华。’”

Listen to Ezekiel 23
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Ezekiel 23
New International Version

Two Adulterous Sisters

23 The word of the Lord came to me: 2 “Son of man, there were two women, daughters of the same mother.(A) 3 They became prostitutes in Egypt,(B) engaging in prostitution(C) from their youth.(D) In that land their breasts were fondled and their virgin bosoms caressed.(E) 4 The older was named Oholah, and her sister was Oholibah. They were mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.(F)

5 “Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was still mine; and she lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians(G)—warriors(H) 6 clothed in blue, governors and commanders, all of them handsome young men, and mounted horsemen. 7 She gave herself as a prostitute to all the elite of the Assyrians and defiled herself with all the idols of everyone she lusted after.(I) 8 She did not give up the prostitution she began in Egypt,(J) when during her youth men slept with her, caressed her virgin bosom and poured out their lust on her.(K)

9 “Therefore I delivered her into the hands(L) of her lovers,(M) the Assyrians, for whom she lusted.(N) 10 They stripped(O) her naked, took away her sons and daughters and killed her with the sword. She became a byword among women,(P) and punishment was inflicted(Q) on her.(R)

11 “Her sister Oholibah saw this,(S) yet in her lust and prostitution she was more depraved than her sister.(T) 12 She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and commanders, warriors in full dress, mounted horsemen, all handsome young men.(U) 13 I saw that she too defiled herself; both of them went the same way.(V)

14 “But she carried her prostitution still further. She saw men portrayed on a wall,(W) figures of Chaldeans[a] portrayed in red,(X) 15 with belts(Y) around their waists and flowing turbans on their heads; all of them looked like Babylonian chariot officers, natives of Chaldea.[b] 16 As soon as she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers(Z) to them in Chaldea.(AA) 17 Then the Babylonians(AB) came to her, to the bed of love, and in their lust they defiled her. After she had been defiled by them, she turned away from them in disgust.(AC) 18 When she carried on her prostitution openly and exposed her naked body,(AD) I turned away(AE) from her in disgust, just as I had turned away from her sister.(AF) 19 Yet she became more and more promiscuous as she recalled the days of her youth, when she was a prostitute in Egypt. 20 There she lusted after her lovers, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of horses. 21 So you longed for the lewdness of your youth, when in Egypt your bosom was caressed and your young breasts fondled.[c](AG)

22 “Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will stir up your lovers(AH) against you, those you turned away from in disgust, and I will bring them against you from every side(AI)— 23 the Babylonians(AJ) and all the Chaldeans,(AK) the men of Pekod(AL) and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, all of them governors and commanders, chariot officers and men of high rank, all mounted on horses.(AM) 24 They will come against you with weapons,[d] chariots and wagons(AN) and with a throng of people; they will take up positions against you on every side with large and small shields and with helmets. I will turn you over to them for punishment,(AO) and they will punish you according to their standards. 25 I will direct my jealous anger(AP) against you, and they will deal with you in fury. They will cut off your noses and your ears, and those of you who are left will fall by the sword. They will take away your sons and daughters,(AQ) and those of you who are left will be consumed by fire.(AR) 26 They will also strip(AS) you of your clothes and take your fine jewelry.(AT) 27 So I will put a stop(AU) to the lewdness and prostitution you began in Egypt. You will not look on these things with longing or remember Egypt anymore.

28 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am about to deliver you into the hands(AV) of those you hate, to those you turned away from in disgust. 29 They will deal with you in hatred and take away everything you have worked for. They will leave you stark naked,(AW) and the shame of your prostitution will be exposed.(AX) Your lewdness(AY) and promiscuity(AZ) 30 have brought this on you, because you lusted after the nations and defiled yourself with their idols.(BA) 31 You have gone the way of your sister; so I will put her cup(BB) into your hand.(BC)

32 “This is what the Sovereign Lord says:

“You will drink your sister’s cup,
    a cup large and deep;
it will bring scorn and derision,(BD)
    for it holds so much.(BE)
33 You will be filled with drunkenness and sorrow,
    the cup of ruin and desolation,
    the cup of your sister Samaria.(BF)
34 You will drink it(BG) and drain it dry
    and chew on its pieces—
    and you will tear your breasts.

I have spoken, declares the Sovereign Lord.(BH)

35 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Since you have forgotten(BI) me and turned your back on me,(BJ) you must bear(BK) the consequences of your lewdness and prostitution.”

36 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Then confront(BL) them with their detestable practices,(BM) 37 for they have committed adultery and blood is on their hands. They committed adultery with their idols; they even sacrificed their children, whom they bore to me, as food for them.(BN) 38 They have also done this to me: At that same time they defiled my sanctuary(BO) and desecrated my Sabbaths.(BP) 39 On the very day they sacrificed their children to their idols, they entered my sanctuary and desecrated(BQ) it. That is what they did in my house.(BR)

40 “They even sent messengers for men who came from far away,(BS) and when they arrived you bathed yourself for them, applied eye makeup(BT) and put on your jewelry.(BU) 41 You sat on an elegant couch,(BV) with a table(BW) spread before it on which you had placed the incense(BX) and olive oil that belonged to me.(BY)

42 “The noise of a carefree(BZ) crowd was around her; drunkards(CA) were brought from the desert along with men from the rabble, and they put bracelets(CB) on the wrists of the woman and her sister and beautiful crowns on their heads.(CC) 43 Then I said about the one worn out by adultery, ‘Now let them use her as a prostitute,(CD) for that is all she is.’ 44 And they slept with her. As men sleep with a prostitute, so they slept with those lewd women, Oholah and Oholibah. 45 But righteous judges will sentence them to the punishment of women who commit adultery and shed blood,(CE) because they are adulterous and blood is on their hands.(CF)

46 “This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Bring a mob(CG) against them and give them over to terror and plunder.(CH) 47 The mob will stone them and cut them down with their swords; they will kill their sons and daughters(CI) and burn(CJ) down their houses.(CK)

48 “So I will put an end(CL) to lewdness in the land, that all women may take warning and not imitate you.(CM) 49 You will suffer the penalty for your lewdness and bear the consequences of your sins of idolatry.(CN) Then you will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.(CO)”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 23:14 Or Babylonians
  2. Ezekiel 23:15 Or Babylonia; also in verse 16
  3. Ezekiel 23:21 Syriac (see also verse 3); Hebrew caressed because of your young breasts
  4. Ezekiel 23:24 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.
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Ezekiel 23
New English Translation

Two Sisters

23 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, there were two women who were daughters of the same mother. 3 They engaged in prostitution in Egypt; in their youth they engaged in prostitution. Their breasts were squeezed there; lovers[a] fondled their virgin nipples there. 4 Oholah was the name of the older and Oholibah[b] the name of her younger sister. They became mine and gave birth to sons and daughters.[c] Oholah is Samaria, and Oholibah is Jerusalem.

5 “Oholah engaged in prostitution while she was mine.[d] She lusted after her lovers, the Assyrians[e]—warriors[f] 6 clothed in blue, governors and officials, all of them desirable young men, horsemen riding on horses. 7 She bestowed her sexual favors[g] on them; all of them were the choicest young men of Assyria. She defiled herself with all whom she desired[h]—with all their idols. 8 She did not abandon the prostitution she had practiced in Egypt, for in her youth men went to bed[i] with her, fondled her virgin breasts, and ravished her.[j] 9 Therefore I handed her over to her lovers, the Assyrians[k] for whom she lusted. 10 They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and killed her with the sword. She became notorious[l] among women, and they executed judgments against her.

11 “Her sister Oholibah watched this,[m] but she became more corrupt in her lust than her sister had been, and her acts of prostitution were more numerous than those of her sister. 12 She lusted after the Assyrians—governors and officials, warriors in full armor, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men. 13 I saw that she was defiled; both of them followed the same path. 14 But she increased her prostitution. She saw men carved on the wall, images of the Chaldeans carved in bright red,[n] 15 wearing belts on their waists and flowing turbans on their heads, all of them looking like officers, the image of Babylonians[o] whose native land is Chaldea. 16 When she saw them,[p] she lusted after them and sent messengers to them in Chaldea.[q] 17 The Babylonians crawled into bed with her.[r] They defiled her with their lust; after she was defiled by them, she[s] became disgusted with them. 18 When she lustfully exposed her nakedness,[t] I[u] was disgusted with her, just as I[v] had been disgusted with her sister. 19 Yet she increased her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth when she engaged in prostitution in the land of Egypt. 20 She lusted after her lovers there, whose genitals were like those of donkeys,[w] and whose emission was like that of stallions. 21 This is how you assessed[x] the obscene conduct of your youth, when the Egyptians fondled[y] your nipples and squeezed[z] your young breasts.

22 “Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look here,[aa] I am about to stir up against you the lovers with whom you were disgusted; I will bring them against you from every side: 23 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod,[ab] Shoa,[ac] and Koa,[ad] and all the Assyrians with them, desirable young men, all of them governors and officials, officers and nobles, all of them riding on horses. 24 They will attack[ae] you with weapons,[af] chariots, wagons, and with a huge army;[ag] they will array themselves against you on every side with large shields, small shields, and helmets. I will assign them the task of judgment;[ah] they will punish you according to their laws. 25 I will direct[ai] my jealous anger against you, and they will deal with you in rage. They will cut off your nose and your ears,[aj] and your survivors will die[ak] by the sword. They will seize your sons and daughters, and your survivors will be consumed by fire. 26 They will strip your clothes off you and take away your beautiful jewelry. 27 So I will put an end to your obscene conduct and your prostitution that you have practiced in the land of Egypt.[al] You will not seek their help[am] or remember Egypt anymore.

28 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look here,[an] I am about to deliver you over to[ao] those whom you hate, to those with whom you were disgusted. 29 They will treat you with hatred, take away all you have labored for,[ap] and leave you naked and bare. Your nakedness will be exposed, just as when you engaged in prostitution and obscene conduct.[aq] 30 I will do these things to you[ar] because you engaged in prostitution with the nations, polluting yourself with their idols. 31 You have followed the ways of your sister, so I will place her cup of judgment[as] in your hand. 32 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: ‘You will drink your sister’s deep and wide cup;[at] you will be scorned and derided, for it holds a great deal. 33 You will be overcome by[au] drunkenness and sorrow. The cup of your sister Samaria is a cup of horror and desolation. 34 You will drain it dry,[av] gnaw its pieces,[aw] and tear out your breasts,[ax] for I have spoken, declares the Sovereign Lord.’

35 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because you have forgotten me and completely disregarded me,[ay] you must bear now the punishment for[az] your obscene conduct and prostitution.”

36 The Lord said to me: “Son of man, are you willing to pronounce judgment[ba] on Oholah and Oholibah? Then declare to them their abominable deeds! 37 For they have committed adultery, and blood is on their hands. They have committed adultery with their idols, and their sons, whom they bore to me,[bb] they have passed through the fire as food to their idols.[bc] 38 Moreover, they have done this to me: In the very same day[bd] they desecrated my sanctuary and profaned my Sabbaths. 39 On the same day they slaughtered their sons for their idols, they came to my sanctuary to desecrate it. This is what they have done in the middle of my house.

40 “They even sent for men from far away; when the messenger arrived, those men set out.[be] For them you bathed,[bf] painted your eyes, and decorated yourself with jewelry. 41 You sat on a magnificent couch, with a table arranged in front of it where you placed my incense and my olive oil. 42 The sound of a carefree crowd accompanied her,[bg] including all kinds of men;[bh] even Sabeans[bi] were brought from the desert. The sisters[bj] put bracelets on their wrists and beautiful crowns on their heads. 43 Then I said about the one worn out by adultery, ‘Now they will commit immoral acts with her.’ 44 They slept with her[bk] the way someone sleeps with a prostitute. In this way they slept with Oholah and Oholibah, promiscuous women. 45 But upright men will punish them appropriately for their adultery and bloodshed,[bl] because they are adulteresses and blood is on their hands.

46 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Bring up an army[bm] against them and subject them[bn] to terror and plunder. 47 That army will pelt them with stones and slash them with their swords; they will kill their sons and daughters and burn their houses.[bo] 48 I will put an end to the obscene conduct in the land; all the women will learn a lesson from this and not engage in obscene conduct. 49 They will repay you for your obscene conduct, and you will be punished for idol worship.[bp] Then you will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 23:3 tn In the Hebrew text the subject is left unstated and must be supplied from the context.
  2. Ezekiel 23:4 tn The names Oholah and Oholibah are both derived from the word meaning “tent.” The meaning of Oholah is “her tent,” while Oholibah means “my tent is in her.”
  3. Ezekiel 23:4 sn In this allegory the Lord is depicted as being the husband of two wives. The OT law prohibited a man from marrying sisters (Lev 18:18), but the practice is attested in the OT (cf. Jacob). The metaphor is utilized here for illustrative purposes and does not mean that the Lord condoned such a practice or bigamy in general.
  4. Ezekiel 23:5 tn Heb “while she was under me.” The expression indicates that Oholah is viewed as the Lord’s wife. See Num 5:19-20, 29. sn Engaged in prostitution refers to alliances with pagan nations in this context. In Ezek 16 harlotry described the sin of idolatry.
  5. Ezekiel 23:5 tn Heb “Assyria.”
  6. Ezekiel 23:5 tn The term apparently refers to Assyrian military officers; it is better construed with the description that follows. See D. I. Block, Ezekiel (NICOT), 1:738.
  7. Ezekiel 23:7 tn Heb “her harlotries.”
  8. Ezekiel 23:7 tn Heb “lusted after.”
  9. Ezekiel 23:8 tn Heb “lied down with.” The verb שָׁכַב (shakav) “to lie down” can imply going to bed to sleep or be a euphemism for sexual relations.
  10. Ezekiel 23:8 tn Heb “and poured out their harlotry on her.”
  11. Ezekiel 23:9 tn Heb “I gave her into the hand of her lovers, into the hand of the sons of Assyria.”
  12. Ezekiel 23:10 tn Heb “name.”
  13. Ezekiel 23:11 tn The word “this” is not in the original text.
  14. Ezekiel 23:14 tn The only other occurrence of the Hebrew term is in Jer 22:14.
  15. Ezekiel 23:15 tn Heb “the sons of Babel.”
  16. Ezekiel 23:16 tn Heb “at the appearance of her eyes.”
  17. Ezekiel 23:16 sn The Chaldeans were prominent tribal groups of Babylonia. The imagery is reminiscent of events in the reigns of Hezekiah (2 Kgs 20:12-15) and Jehoiakim (2 Kgs 23:34-24:1).
  18. Ezekiel 23:17 tn Heb “The sons of Babel came to her on a bed of love.”
  19. Ezekiel 23:17 tn Heb “her soul.”
  20. Ezekiel 23:18 tn Heb “She exposed her harlotry and exposed her nakedness.”
  21. Ezekiel 23:18 tn Heb “my soul.”
  22. Ezekiel 23:18 tn Heb “my soul.”
  23. Ezekiel 23:20 tn Heb “She lusted after their concubines (?), whose flesh was the flesh of donkeys.” The phrase “their concubines” is difficult here. The pronoun is masculine plural, suggesting that the Egyptian men are in view, but how concubines would fit into the picture envisioned here is not clear. It is possible that the term refers here to the Egyptians’ genitals. The relative pronoun that follows introduces a more specific description of them. Some suggest that Ezekiel uses the term in an idiomatic sense of “paramour,” which is reflected in the translation above.
  24. Ezekiel 23:21 tn Or “you took note of.” The Hebrew verb פָּקַד (paqad) in the Qal implies evaluating something and then acting in light of that judgment; here the prophet depicts Judah as approving of her youthful unfaithfulness and then magnifying it at the present time. Some translations assume the verb should be repointed as a Niphal, rendering “you missed” or by extension “you longed for,” but such an extension of the Niphal “to be missing” is otherwise unattested.
  25. Ezekiel 23:21 tn Heb “when (they) did,” but the verb makes no sense here and is better emended to “when (they) fondled,” a verb used in vv. 3 and 8. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:43.
  26. Ezekiel 23:21 tn Heb “for the sake of,” but the expression is awkward and is better emended to read “to squeeze.” See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:43.
  27. Ezekiel 23:22 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
  28. Ezekiel 23:23 sn Pekod was the name of an Aramean tribe (known as Puqudu in Mesopotamian texts) that lived in the region of the Tigris River.
  29. Ezekiel 23:23 sn Shoa was the name of a nomadic people (the Sutu) that lived in Mesopotamia.
  30. Ezekiel 23:23 sn Koa was the name of another Mesopotamian people group (the Qutu).
  31. Ezekiel 23:24 tn Heb “come against.”
  32. Ezekiel 23:24 tn This is the only occurrence of this term in the OT. The precise meaning is uncertain.
  33. Ezekiel 23:24 tn Heb “an assembly of peoples.”
  34. Ezekiel 23:24 tn Heb “I will place before them judgment.”
  35. Ezekiel 23:25 tn Heb “give.”
  36. Ezekiel 23:25 tn Heb “they will remove.” sn This method of punishment is attested among ancient Egyptian and Hittite civilizations. See W. Zimmerli, Ezekiel (Hermeneia), 1:489.
  37. Ezekiel 23:25 tn Heb “fall.”
  38. Ezekiel 23:27 tn Heb “I will cause your obscene conduct to cease from you and your harlotry from the land of Egypt.”
  39. Ezekiel 23:27 tn Heb “lift your eyes to them.”
  40. Ezekiel 23:28 tn The word הִנֵּה (hinneh, traditionally “behold”) indicates becoming aware of something and has been translated here as a verb.
  41. Ezekiel 23:28 tn Heb “I am giving you into the hand of.”
  42. Ezekiel 23:29 tn The Hebrew term means “labor,” but by extension it can also refer to that for which one works.
  43. Ezekiel 23:29 tn Heb “The nakedness of your prostitution will be exposed, and your obscene conduct and your harlotry.”
  44. Ezekiel 23:30 tn The infinitive absolute continues the sequence begun in v. 28: “Look here, I am about to deliver you.” See Joüon 2:430 §123.w.
  45. Ezekiel 23:31 tn Heb “her cup.” A cup of intoxicating strong drink is used, here and elsewhere, as a metaphor for judgment because both leave one confused and reeling. (See Jer 25:15, 17, 28; Hab 2:16.) The cup of wrath is a theme also found in the NT (Mark 14:36).
  46. Ezekiel 23:32 sn The image of a deep and wide cup suggests the degree of punishment; it will be extensive and leave the victim helpless.
  47. Ezekiel 23:33 tn Heb “filled with.”
  48. Ezekiel 23:34 tn Heb “You will drink it and drain (it).”
  49. Ezekiel 23:34 tn D. I. Block compares this to the idiom of “licking the plate” (Ezekiel [NICOT], 1:754, n. 137). The text is difficult as the word translated “gnaw” is rare. The noun is used of the shattered pieces of pottery and so could envision a broken cup. But the Piel verb form is used in only one other place (Num 24:8), where it is a denominative from the noun “bone” and seems to mean to “break (bones).” Why it would be collocated with “sherds” is not clear. For this reason some emend the phrase to read “consume its dregs” (see L. C. Allen, Ezekiel [WBC], 2:44) or emend the verb to read “swallow,” as if the intoxicated Oholibah breaks the cup and then eats the very sherds in an effort to get every last drop of the beverage that dampens them.
  50. Ezekiel 23:34 sn The severe action is more extreme than beating the breasts in anguish (Isa 32:12; Nah 2:7). It is also ironic, for these are the very breasts she so blatantly offered to her lovers (vv. 3, 21).
  51. Ezekiel 23:35 tn Heb “and you cast me behind your back.” The expression pictures her rejection of the Lord (see 1 Kgs 14:9).
  52. Ezekiel 23:35 tn The word “punishment” is not in the Hebrew text but is demanded by the context.
  53. Ezekiel 23:36 tn Heb “will you judge.” Here the imperfect form of the verb is probably used with a desiderative nuance. Addressed to the prophet, “judge” means to warn of or pronounce God’s impending judgment. See 20:4 and 22:2.
  54. Ezekiel 23:37 sn The Lord speaks here in the role of the husband of the sisters.
  55. Ezekiel 23:37 tn Heb “they have passed to them for food.” The verb is commonly taken to refer to passing children through fire, especially as an offering to the pagan god Molech. See Jer 32:35.
  56. Ezekiel 23:38 tn Heb “in that day.”
  57. Ezekiel 23:40 tn Heb “to whom a messenger was sent, and look, they came.” Foreign alliances are in view here.
  58. Ezekiel 23:40 tn The Hebrew verb form is feminine singular, indicating that Oholibah (Judah) is specifically addressed here. This address continues through verse 42a (note “her”), but then both sisters are described in verse 42b, where the feminine pronouns are again plural.
  59. Ezekiel 23:42 tn Heb “(was) in her.”
  60. Ezekiel 23:42 tn Heb “and men from the multitude of mankind.”
  61. Ezekiel 23:42 tn An alternate reading is “drunkards.” Sheba is located in the area of modern day Yemen.
  62. Ezekiel 23:42 tn Heb “they”; the referents (the sisters) have been specified in the translation for the sake of clarity.
  63. Ezekiel 23:44 tn Heb “approached.” The verb בּוֹא (boʾ) with the preposition אֶל (ʾel) means “come to” or “approach” but is also used as a euphemism for sexual relations.
  64. Ezekiel 23:45 tn Heb “and upright men will judge them (with) the judgment of adulteresses and the judgment of those who shed blood.”
  65. Ezekiel 23:46 tn Heb “assembly.”
  66. Ezekiel 23:46 tn Heb “give them to.”
  67. Ezekiel 23:47 tn The Hebrew text adds: “with fire.”
  68. Ezekiel 23:49 tn Heb “and the sins of your idols you will bear.” By extension it can mean the punishment for the sins.
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