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避難用の町

20 主はヨシュアに告げて言いました。 「モーセに指示しておいたことだが、避難用の町を設けるようにイスラエルの人々に言いなさい。 知らずに人を殺してしまった場合、その町に逃げ込み、被害者の身内の復讐を逃れるためである。 過って人を殺した者は、町に着いたら長老に会って事情を説明しなさい。彼らはその者を迎え入れ、町で暮らせるように一区画を与えてくれる。 たとえ被害者の身内が復讐しようと追いかけて来ても、偶発事故だったのだから、無実の殺人者を引き渡してはならない。 過って人を殺してしまった者は、正式の裁判まで、あるいは事故当時の大祭司が死ぬまでは、そこで暮らさなければならない。ただし、その後は自分の町や家に帰ることは自由である。」

避難用の町として選ばれたのは、ナフタリの山地にあるガリラヤのケデシュ、エフライムの山地にあるシェケム、ユダの山地にあるキルヤテ・アルバすなわちヘブロンです。 主はまた、エリコ付近のヨルダン川の東側にも、同じ目的で三つの町を設けるよう命じました。ルベン族の荒野にあるベツェル、ガド族の領地ギルアデのラモテ、マナセの半部族の領地バシャンのゴランです。 避難用の町は、イスラエル人だけでなく、在留外国人にも適用されました。だれであろうと、過って人を殺した者は、正当な裁判を受けるためにそこへ逃げ込むことができ、復讐の犠牲になることはなかったのです。

Cities of Refuge(A)

20 Then the Lord said to Joshua: “Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses, so that anyone who kills a person accidentally and unintentionally(B) may flee there and find protection from the avenger of blood.(C) When they flee to one of these cities, they are to stand in the entrance of the city gate(D) and state their case before the elders(E) of that city. Then the elders are to admit the fugitive into their city and provide a place to live among them. If the avenger of blood comes in pursuit, the elders must not surrender the fugitive, because the fugitive killed their neighbor unintentionally and without malice aforethought. They are to stay in that city until they have stood trial before the assembly(F) and until the death of the high priest who is serving at that time. Then they may go back to their own home in the town from which they fled.”

So they set apart Kedesh(G) in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem(H) in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath Arba(I) (that is, Hebron(J)) in the hill country of Judah.(K) East of the Jordan (on the other side from Jericho) they designated Bezer(L) in the wilderness on the plateau in the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead(M) in the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan(N) in the tribe of Manasseh. Any of the Israelites or any foreigner residing among them who killed someone accidentally(O) could flee to these designated cities and not be killed by the avenger of blood prior to standing trial before the assembly.(P)

The Cities of Refuge(A)

20 The Lord also spoke to Joshua, saying, “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: (B)‘Appoint[a] for yourselves cities of refuge, of which I spoke to you through Moses, that the slayer who kills a person accidentally or unintentionally may flee there; and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood. And when he flees to one of those cities, and stands at the entrance of the gate of the city, and [b]declares his case in the hearing of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city as one of them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them. (C)Then if the avenger of blood pursues him, they shall not deliver the slayer into his hand, because he struck his neighbor unintentionally, but did not hate him beforehand. And he shall dwell in that city (D)until he stands before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the one who is high priest in those days. Then the slayer may return and come to his own city and his own house, to the city from which he fled.’ ”

So they appointed (E)Kedesh in Galilee, in the mountains of Naphtali, (F)Shechem in the mountains of Ephraim, and (G)Kirjath Arba (which is Hebron) in (H)the mountains of Judah. And on the other side of the Jordan, by Jericho eastward, they assigned (I)Bezer in the wilderness on the plain, from the tribe of Reuben, (J)Ramoth in Gilead, from the tribe of Gad, and (K)Golan in Bashan, from the tribe of Manasseh. (L)These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel and for the stranger who [c]dwelt among them, that whoever killed a person accidentally might flee there, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood (M)until he stood before the congregation.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 20:2 Designate
  2. Joshua 20:4 states
  3. Joshua 20:9 As a resident alien

避难城(参(A)

20 耶和华对约书亚说: “你要告诉以色列人:‘你们要照着我借着摩西命令你们的,为自己设立避难城, 好使那出于错误、并非蓄意杀人的,可以逃到那里去;这些城要成为你们逃避报血仇的人的避难所。 那杀人的要逃到这些城中的一座,站在城门口,把自己的事情向城中的众长老述说,长老就要把他接入城中,到他们那里,并要给他地方,使他可以住在他们中间。 如果报血仇的人追赶他,长老不可把他交在报血仇的人手里,因为他并非蓄意杀人,他以前与他并没有仇恨。 那杀人的要住在那城里,直到他站在会众面前受审;等到当时的大祭司死了,才可以回到本城本家,回到他逃出来的城那里。’”

于是以色列人在拿弗他利山地,把加利利的基低斯分别出来;在以法莲山地,把示剑分别出来;在犹大山地,把基列.亚巴分别出来,基列.亚巴就是希伯仑; 又在约旦河东,耶利哥的东面,从流本支派中,指定在旷野平原上的比悉;从迦得支派中,指定在基列的拉末;从玛拿西支派中,指定在巴珊的哥兰。 这些都是为所有的以色列人,和在他们中间寄居的外族人所指定的城,让误杀人的可以逃到那里,不致死在报血仇的人手里,直到他站在会众面前受审为止。

20 The Lord also spake unto Joshua, saying,

Speak to the children of Israel, saying, Appoint out for you cities of refuge, whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses:

That the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood.

And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city, and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city, they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place, that he may dwell among them.

And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly, and hated him not beforetime.

And he shall dwell in that city, until he stand before the congregation for judgment, and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days: then shall the slayer return, and come unto his own city, and unto his own house, unto the city from whence he fled.

And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali, and Shechem in mount Ephraim, and Kirjatharba, which is Hebron, in the mountain of Judah.

And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward, they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben, and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh.

These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood, until he stood before the congregation.