Павел требует суда кесаря

25 Через три дня после прибытия в провинцию Фест отправился из Кесарии в Иерусалим, где первосвященники и иудейские начальники представили ему обвинение против Павла. Они настойчиво просили Феста оказать им милость и перевести Павла в Иерусалим. Сами же они собирались устроить на пути засаду и убить его. Фест ответил:

– Павел находится под стражей в Кесарии, и я сам скоро там буду. Пусть ваши руководители идут со мной и представят обвинение против него, если он сделал что-либо плохое.

Проведя с ними не больше восьми-десяти дней, Фест возвратился в Кесарию и на следующий же день сел в судейское кресло и приказал ввести Павла. Когда Павел появился, иудеи, которые пришли из Иерусалима, стали обвинять его в многочисленных и серьезных преступлениях, но доказать их они не могли. Павел же, защищаясь, сказал:

– Я ни в чем не повинен ни против иудейского Закона, ни против храма, ни против кесаря.

Фест хотел угодить иудеям и поэтому спросил Павла:

– Согласен ли ты идти в Иерусалим, чтобы тебя судили там в моем присутствии по представленным против тебя обвинениям?

10 Павел ответил:

– Я стою перед судом кесаревым, и им я и должен быть судим. Я не сделал иудеям ничего плохого, как ты и сам хорошо знаешь. 11 Если я виновен и заслужил смерти, я готов умереть. Но если обвинения, выдвигаемые иудеями против меня, ложны, то никто не имеет права выдать меня им. Я требую суда кесарева!

12 Переговорив со своим советом, Фест объявил:

– Раз ты потребовал суда кесарева, то к кесарю и отправишься.

Павел перед царем Агриппой

13 Несколько дней спустя в Кесарию навестить Феста прибыл царь Агриппа[a] с Вереникой[b]. 14 Они провели там несколько дней, и Фест говорил с царем о деле Павла:

– Здесь есть человек, оставленный в темнице Феликсом. 15 Когда я был в Иерусалиме, иудейские священники и старейшины выдвинули против него обвинение. Они просили осудить его. 16 Я же им сказал, что не в обычае у римлян выдавать человека до того, как ему будет дана возможность встретиться с обвинителями лицом к лицу и защититься. 17 Они пришли со мной сюда, и я сразу, на следующий же день, сел в судейское кресло и приказал привести этого человека. 18 Встав вокруг него, они не обвинили его ни в одном из преступлений, о которых я предполагал, 19 но у них был спор по вопросам, касающимся их религии и некоего Иисуса, Который умер, но о Котором Павел заявлял, что Он жив. 20 Я не знал, как мне расследовать это дело, и спросил его, согласен ли он идти в Иерусалим и там предстать перед судом. 21 Павел же потребовал рассмотрения его дела императором, и я приказал держать его под стражей, пока не отошлю его к кесарю.

22 Агриппа сказал Фесту:

– Я бы сам хотел послушать этого человека.

– Завтра же услышишь, – ответил Фест.

23 На следующий день Агриппа и Вереника с большой пышностью вошли в зал суда с командирами римских полков и знатными людьми города. По приказу Феста ввели Павла. 24 Фест сказал:

– Царь Агриппа и все присутствующие! Вы видите перед собой человека, на которого все множество иудеев жаловалось мне и в Иерусалиме, и здесь, в Кесарии, крича, что он не должен больше жить. 25 Я же не нахожу в нем никакой вины, за которую он был бы достоин смерти. Но, поскольку он потребовал суда у императора, я решил отправить его в Рим. 26 Но у меня нет ничего определенного, что я мог бы написать государю, и поэтому я вывел его к вам, и особенно к тебе, царь Агриппа, чтобы в результате допроса я знал, что мне написать. 27 Я думаю, что неразумно посылать заключенного, не указав, в чем он обвиняется.

Footnotes

  1. 25:13 Царь Агриппа – т. е. Ирод Агриппа II, сын Ирода Агриппы I, был правителем Абилинеи, Итуреи, Трахонитской области и нескольких городов Галилеи и Переи.
  2. 25:13 Вереника – дочь царя Ирода Агриппы I и сестра Друзиллы (см. 24:24), славившаяся своей красотой. Будучи сестрой царя Ирода Агриппы II, она, в то же время, была и его возлюбленной. Позже она стала любовницей Тита, будущего императора Рима.

25 Now when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Caesarea to Jerusalem.

Then the high priest and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him,

And desired favour against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Caesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither.

Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him.

And when he had tarried among them more than ten days, he went down unto Caesarea; and the next day sitting on the judgment seat commanded Paul to be brought.

And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove.

While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended any thing at all.

But Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

10 Then said Paul, I stand at Caesar's judgment seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest.

11 For if I be an offender, or have committed any thing worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliver me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.

12 Then Festus, when he had conferred with the council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.

13 And after certain days king Agrippa and Bernice came unto Caesarea to salute Festus.

14 And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the king, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix:

15 About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews informed me, desiring to have judgment against him.

16 To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused have the accusers face to face, and have licence to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

17 Therefore, when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the judgment seat, and commanded the man to be brought forth.

18 Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed:

19 But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

20 And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters.

21 But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar.

22 Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him.

23 And on the morrow, when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief captains, and principal men of the city, at Festus' commandment Paul was brought forth.

24 And Festus said, King Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying that he ought not to live any longer.

25 But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

26 Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O king Agrippa, that, after examination had, I might have somewhat to write.

27 For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not withal to signify the crimes laid against him.

Jøderne forsøger igen at få Paulus myrdet, men han appellerer til kejseren

25 Tre dage efter at Festus havde overtaget sit nye embede som provinsguvernør, rejste han fra Cæsarea til Jerusalem. 2-3 Der mødtes ypperstepræsterne og de andre jødiske ledere med ham for at forklare ham, hvad anklagen mod Paulus gik ud på. De lagde pres på ham for at få ham til at overføre Paulus til Jerusalem. De tænkte på at lægge sig i baghold og slå Paulus ihjel, mens han var undervejs. Men Festus svarede, at Paulus skulle blive i Cæsarea, og at han selv havde til hensigt at tage tilbage dertil så hurtigt som muligt. „Hvis manden har gjort noget galt,” tilføjede han, „så kan nogle af jeres ledere tage derned sammen med mig og komme frem med deres anklager der.”

Guvernørens ophold i Jerusalem strakte sig over højst otte-ti dage. Så rejste han tilbage til Cæsarea, og dagen efter ankomsten satte han sig på dommersædet og gav ordre til, at Paulus skulle føres for retten.

Så snart Paulus var kommet ind i retslokalet, blev han omringet af de jøder, som var fulgt med guvernøren fra Jerusalem, og de bombarderede ham med mange alvorlige anklager, som de dog ikke kunne bevise. Paulus forsvarede sig med ordene: „Jeg har ikke gjort oprør mod den jødiske lov, jeg har ikke vanhelliget templet, og jeg har heller ikke sat mig op mod de romerske myndigheder.”

Festus ville gerne stå sig godt med jøderne, så han spurgte Paulus: „Er du villig til at tage til Jerusalem, så jeg kan afgøre sagen der?” 10 „Nej,” svarede Paulus, „min sag er bragt frem for en romersk domstol, og dér bør den gå sin gang. Jeg har ikke gjort noget galt over for jøderne, og det ved du godt. 11 Hvis jeg havde gjort noget, der var dødsstraf for, ville jeg være parat til at dø. Men da deres beskyldninger ikke har noget på sig, er der ingen, der har ret til at prisgive mig til dem. Jeg appellerer min sag til den kejserlige domstol!” 12 Festus forhandlede derpå med sine rådgivere og svarede: „Godt, når du har appelleret til den kejserlige domstol, skal vi sørge for, at du bliver sendt til Rom.”

Paulus forsvarer sig over for Kong Agrippa II

13 Nogen tid efter kom Kong Agrippa og Berenike[a] til Cæsarea for at byde Festus velkommen. 14 Besøget varede i adskillige dage, og på et tidspunkt sagde Festus til kongen: „Der er en fange her, hvis sag Felix har overladt til mig. 15 Da jeg var i Jerusalem, kom ypperstepræsterne og en del andre jødiske ledere for at forklare mig, hvad sagen drejede sig om, og de forlangte, at jeg skulle dømme ham. 16 Jeg gjorde dem opmærksom på, at man ifølge romersk lov ikke dømmer en mand, før hans sag har været for retten. Han skal have lov til at møde sine anklagere ansigt til ansigt, så han kan forsvare sig. 17 Da de så kom herned for at få sagen genoptaget, sørgede jeg for allerede dagen efter at få retten sat og Paulus ført frem. 18 Jeg havde ventet, at de ville anklage ham for en eller anden forbrydelse, men det gjorde de ikke. 19 Deres anklager vedrørte nogle af deres religiøse stridsspørgsmål. Og de var uenige med hensyn til en mand ved navn Jesus, som er død, men som Paulus påstår er i live. 20 Da jeg ikke vidste, hvad jeg skulle stille op med den slags religiøse stridigheder, spurgte jeg, om han så ville lade sin sag prøve hos jøderne i Jerusalem. 21 Men det fik ham til at appellere til kejseren. Derfor holder jeg ham fængslet, indtil jeg kan få ham overført til Rom.”

22 „Jeg kunne godt selv tænke mig at høre den mand,” sagde Agrippa. „Det kan du få lov til allerede i morgen,” svarede Festus.

23 Næste morgen mødte Agrippa og Berenike op i deres fineste skrud, og sammen med de højeste officerer og de mest fremtrædende mænd i byen trådte de ind i retssalen. Festus gav så ordre til, at Paulus skulle føres ind. 24 Festus begyndte med at sige: „Kong Agrippa! Ærede tilhørere! Foran jer står nu den mand, som alle de jødiske ledere har tryglet mig om at dømme til døden, både da jeg var i Jerusalem, og da de kom herhen. 25 Men jeg har ikke kunnet finde noget, som han kan straffes med døden for. Eftersom han nu selv har appelleret sin sag til Hans Majestæt, har jeg truffet den afgørelse, at han skal sendes til Rom. 26 Men jeg har ikke nogen reel anklage, jeg kan sende med til Majestæten. Det er grunden til, at jeg i dag har ført ham frem for jer alle og særlig for dig, Kong Agrippa, for at jeg efter forhøret kan vide, hvad jeg skal skrive. 27 Jeg synes nemlig, det er urimeligt at sende en fange af sted uden klart at angive, hvad han sigtes for.”

Footnotes

  1. 25,13 Berenike var datter af Herodes Agrippa I og levede sammen med sin bror, Agrippa II. Hun var søster til Felix’ kone, Drusilla.

Paul’s Trial Before Festus

25 Three days after arriving in the province, Festus(A) went up from Caesarea(B) to Jerusalem, where the chief priests and the Jewish leaders appeared before him and presented the charges against Paul.(C) They requested Festus, as a favor to them, to have Paul transferred to Jerusalem, for they were preparing an ambush to kill him along the way.(D) Festus answered, “Paul is being held(E) at Caesarea,(F) and I myself am going there soon. Let some of your leaders come with me, and if the man has done anything wrong, they can press charges against him there.”

After spending eight or ten days with them, Festus went down to Caesarea. The next day he convened the court(G) and ordered that Paul be brought before him.(H) When Paul came in, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him. They brought many serious charges against him,(I) but they could not prove them.(J)

Then Paul made his defense: “I have done nothing wrong against the Jewish law or against the temple(K) or against Caesar.”

Festus, wishing to do the Jews a favor,(L) said to Paul, “Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and stand trial before me there on these charges?”(M)

10 Paul answered: “I am now standing before Caesar’s court, where I ought to be tried. I have not done any wrong to the Jews,(N) as you yourself know very well. 11 If, however, I am guilty of doing anything deserving death, I do not refuse to die. But if the charges brought against me by these Jews are not true, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”(O)

12 After Festus had conferred with his council, he declared: “You have appealed to Caesar. To Caesar you will go!”

Festus Consults King Agrippa

13 A few days later King Agrippa and Bernice arrived at Caesarea(P) to pay their respects to Festus. 14 Since they were spending many days there, Festus discussed Paul’s case with the king. He said: “There is a man here whom Felix left as a prisoner.(Q) 15 When I went to Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews brought charges against him(R) and asked that he be condemned.

16 “I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand over anyone before they have faced their accusers and have had an opportunity to defend themselves against the charges.(S) 17 When they came here with me, I did not delay the case, but convened the court the next day and ordered the man to be brought in.(T) 18 When his accusers got up to speak, they did not charge him with any of the crimes I had expected. 19 Instead, they had some points of dispute(U) with him about their own religion(V) and about a dead man named Jesus who Paul claimed was alive. 20 I was at a loss how to investigate such matters; so I asked if he would be willing to go to Jerusalem and stand trial there on these charges.(W) 21 But when Paul made his appeal to be held over for the Emperor’s decision, I ordered him held until I could send him to Caesar.”(X)

22 Then Agrippa said to Festus, “I would like to hear this man myself.”

He replied, “Tomorrow you will hear him.”(Y)

Paul Before Agrippa(Z)

23 The next day Agrippa and Bernice(AA) came with great pomp and entered the audience room with the high-ranking military officers and the prominent men of the city. At the command of Festus, Paul was brought in. 24 Festus said: “King Agrippa, and all who are present with us, you see this man! The whole Jewish community(AB) has petitioned me about him in Jerusalem and here in Caesarea, shouting that he ought not to live any longer.(AC) 25 I found he had done nothing deserving of death,(AD) but because he made his appeal to the Emperor(AE) I decided to send him to Rome. 26 But I have nothing definite to write to His Majesty about him. Therefore I have brought him before all of you, and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that as a result of this investigation I may have something to write. 27 For I think it is unreasonable to send a prisoner on to Rome without specifying the charges against him.”