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13 El Señor se dirigió a Moisés y le dijo:

«Conságrame los hijos mayores, porque todo primer hijo de los israelitas me pertenece, lo mismo que toda primera cría de sus animales.»

Entonces Moisés le dijo al pueblo: «Acuérdense de este día, en que con gran poder el Señor los sacó de Egipto, donde vivían como esclavos. No deberán comer pan con levadura. Ustedes salen este día, en el mes de Abib, y en este mismo mes deberán celebrar la fiesta, una vez que el Señor los haya llevado a la tierra donde la leche y la miel corren como el agua, es decir, al país de los cananeos, hititas, amorreos, heveos y jebuseos, que ya había prometido a sus antepasados que se lo daría a ustedes. Comerán pan sin levadura durante siete días, y en el séptimo día harán fiesta en honor del Señor. Durante los siete días se comerá pan sin levadura, y en ninguna parte de su territorio deberá haber levadura o pan con levadura. En ese día les dirán a sus hijos: “Esto se hace por lo que el Señor hizo con nosotros cuando salimos de Egipto. Y, como si tuvieran ustedes una marca en el brazo o en la frente, esto les hará recordar que siempre deben hablar de la ley del Señor, pues él los sacó de Egipto con gran poder. 10 Por eso deben celebrar esta ceremonia año tras año, en la fecha señalada.”

11 »Cuando el Señor los haya llevado al país de los cananeos, es decir, cuando les entregue el país, según la promesa que les hizo a ustedes y a sus antepasados, 12 tendrán que dedicarle todos sus primeros hijos varones y todos los primeros machos que les nazcan a sus animales, porque pertenecen al Señor. 13 En el caso de la primera cría de una asna, deberán dar un cordero o un cabrito como rescate por el asno, pero si no dan el cordero, entonces le romperán el cuello al asno. También deberán dar una ofrenda como rescate por cada hijo mayor, 14 y cuando el día de mañana sus hijos les pregunten: “¿Qué quiere decir esto?”, les responderán: “El Señor nos sacó con gran poder de Egipto, donde vivíamos como esclavos. 15 Cuando el faraón se puso terco en no dejarnos salir, el Señor hirió de muerte al hijo mayor de cada familia egipcia y a todas las primeras crías de sus animales; por eso le ofrecemos al Señor todos los machos que nacen primero, y damos una ofrenda como rescate por nuestro hijo mayor. 16 Por lo tanto, como si tuvieran una marca en el brazo o en la frente, esta ceremonia les hará recordar a ustedes que el Señor nos sacó de Egipto con gran poder.”»

La columna de nube y de fuego

17 Cuando el faraón dejó salir al pueblo israelita, Dios no los llevó por el camino que va al país de los filisteos, que era el más directo, pues pensó que los israelitas no querrían pelear cuando tuvieran que hacerlo, y que preferirían regresar a Egipto. 18 Por eso les hizo dar un rodeo por el camino del desierto que lleva al Mar Rojo.

Los israelitas salieron de Egipto formados como un ejército. 19 Moisés se llevó consigo los restos de José, pues José había hecho que los hijos de Israel le prometieran hacerlo así. Les había dicho: «En verdad, Dios vendrá a ayudarlos; y cuando eso suceda, ustedes deben llevarse mis restos de aquí.»

20 Los israelitas salieron de Sucot y acamparon en Etam, donde comienza el desierto. 21 De día, el Señor los acompañaba en una columna de nube, para señalarles el camino; y de noche, en una columna de fuego, para alumbrarlos. Así pudieron viajar día y noche. 22 La columna de nube siempre iba delante de ellos durante el día, y la columna de fuego durante la noche.

Consecration of the Firstborn

13 The Lord said to Moses, “Consecrate to me every firstborn male.(A) The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites belongs to me, whether human or animal.”

Then Moses said to the people, “Commemorate this day, the day you came out of Egypt,(B) out of the land of slavery, because the Lord brought you out of it with a mighty hand.(C) Eat nothing containing yeast.(D) Today, in the month of Aviv,(E) you are leaving. When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites,(F) Hittites, Amorites, Hivites and Jebusites(G)—the land he swore to your ancestors to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey(H)—you are to observe this ceremony(I) in this month: For seven days eat bread made without yeast and on the seventh day hold a festival(J) to the Lord. Eat unleavened bread during those seven days; nothing with yeast in it is to be seen among you, nor shall any yeast be seen anywhere within your borders. On that day tell your son,(K) ‘I do this because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ This observance will be for you like a sign on your hand(L) and a reminder on your forehead(M) that this law of the Lord is to be on your lips. For the Lord brought you out of Egypt with his mighty hand.(N) 10 You must keep this ordinance(O) at the appointed time(P) year after year.

11 “After the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites(Q) and gives it to you, as he promised on oath(R) to you and your ancestors,(S) 12 you are to give over to the Lord the first offspring of every womb. All the firstborn males of your livestock belong to the Lord.(T) 13 Redeem with a lamb every firstborn donkey,(U) but if you do not redeem it, break its neck.(V) Redeem(W) every firstborn among your sons.(X)

14 “In days to come, when your son(Y) asks you, ‘What does this mean?’ say to him, ‘With a mighty hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.(Z) 15 When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed the firstborn of both people and animals in Egypt. This is why I sacrifice to the Lord the first male offspring of every womb and redeem each of my firstborn sons.’(AA) 16 And it will be like a sign on your hand and a symbol on your forehead(AB) that the Lord brought us out of Egypt with his mighty hand.”

Crossing the Sea

17 When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them on the road through the Philistine country, though that was shorter. For God said, “If they face war, they might change their minds and return to Egypt.”(AC) 18 So God led(AD) the people around by the desert road toward the Red Sea.[a] The Israelites went up out of Egypt ready for battle.(AE)

19 Moses took the bones of Joseph(AF) with him because Joseph had made the Israelites swear an oath. He had said, “God will surely come to your aid, and then you must carry my bones up with you from this place.”[b](AG)

20 After leaving Sukkoth(AH) they camped at Etham on the edge of the desert.(AI) 21 By day the Lord went ahead(AJ) of them in a pillar of cloud(AK) to guide them on their way and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, so that they could travel by day or night. 22 Neither the pillar of cloud by day nor the pillar of fire by night left(AL) its place in front of the people.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 13:18 Or the Sea of Reeds
  2. Exodus 13:19 See Gen. 50:25.

13 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Sanctify unto me all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of beast: it is mine.

And Moses said unto the people, Remember this day, in which ye came out from Egypt, out of the house of bondage; for by strength of hand the Lord brought you out from this place: there shall no leavened bread be eaten.

This day came ye out in the month Abib.

And it shall be when the Lord shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the Amorites, and the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which he sware unto thy fathers to give thee, a land flowing with milk and honey, that thou shalt keep this service in this month.

Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, and in the seventh day shall be a feast to the Lord.

Unleavened bread shall be eaten seven days; and there shall no leavened bread be seen with thee, neither shall there be leaven seen with thee in all thy quarters.

And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the Lord did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt.

And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the Lord's law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the Lord brought thee out of Egypt.

10 Thou shalt therefore keep this ordinance in his season from year to year.

11 And it shall be when the Lord shall bring thee into the land of the Canaanites, as he sware unto thee and to thy fathers, and shall give it thee,

12 That thou shalt set apart unto the Lord all that openeth the matrix, and every firstling that cometh of a beast which thou hast; the males shall be the Lord's.

13 And every firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb; and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break his neck: and all the firstborn of man among thy children shalt thou redeem.

14 And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What is this? that thou shalt say unto him, By strength of hand the Lord brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage:

15 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the Lord slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem.

16 And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the Lord brought us forth out of Egypt.

17 And it came to pass, when Pharaoh had let the people go, that God led them not through the way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near; for God said, Lest peradventure the people repent when they see war, and they return to Egypt:

18 But God led the people about, through the way of the wilderness of the Red sea: and the children of Israel went up harnessed out of the land of Egypt.

19 And Moses took the bones of Joseph with him: for he had straitly sworn the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you; and ye shall carry up my bones away hence with you.

20 And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness.

21 And the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way; and by night in a pillar of fire, to give them light; to go by day and night:

22 He took not away the pillar of the cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from before the people.