28:1 proud. Human arrogance stands in opposition to the “majesty” (same word in Hebrew) of the Lord (26:10).

crown. A symbol of royalty (Ezek. 21:31) or deity (2 Sam. 12:30), or if translated “wreath,” a sign of social status or celebration (Song 3:11, of a garland worn at a wedding). The reference is to Samaria and its debauched leadership.

drunkards . . . wine. See 24:11.