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“From this man’s descendants God has brought to Israel the Savior Jesus, as he promised.
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Before the coming of Jesus, John preached repentance and baptism to all the people of Israel.
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shouting, “Fellow Israelites, help us! This is the man who teaches everyone everywhere against our people and our law and this place. And besides, he has brought Greeks into the temple and defiled this holy place.”
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For this reason I have asked to see you and talk with you. It is because of the hope of Israel that I am bound with this chain.”
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Paul’s Anguish Over Israel
I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying, my conscience confirms it through the Holy Spirit—
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the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption to sonship; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the law, the temple worship and the promises.
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God’s Sovereign Choice
It is not as though God’s word had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.
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Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea, only the remnant will be saved.
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Israel’s Unbelief
What then shall we say? That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;
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but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness, have not attained their goal.
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Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved.
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But not all the Israelites accepted the good news. For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?”
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Again I ask: Did Israel not understand? First, Moses says, “I will make you envious by those who are not a nation; I will make you angry by a nation that has no understanding.”
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But concerning Israel he says, “All day long I have held out my hands to a disobedient and obstinate people.”
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The Remnant of Israel
I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means! I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin.
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God did not reject his people, whom he foreknew. Don’t you know what Scripture says in the passage about Elijah—how he appealed to God against Israel:
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What then? What the people of Israel sought so earnestly they did not obtain. The elect among them did, but the others were hardened,
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Ingrafted Branches
Again I ask: Did they stumble so as to fall beyond recovery? Not at all! Rather, because of their transgression, salvation has come to the Gentiles to make Israel envious.
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All Israel Will Be Saved
I do not want you to be ignorant of this mystery, brothers and sisters, so that you may not be conceited: Israel has experienced a hardening in part until the full number of the Gentiles has come in,
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and in this way all Israel will be saved. As it is written: “The deliverer will come from Zion; he will turn godlessness away from Jacob.
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Warnings From Israel’s History
For I do not want you to be ignorant of the fact, brothers and sisters, that our ancestors were all under the cloud and that they all passed through the sea.
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Consider the people of Israel: Do not those who eat the sacrifices participate in the altar?
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The Greater Glory of the New Covenant
Now if the ministry that brought death, which was engraved in letters on stone, came with glory, so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory, transitory though it was,
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We are not like Moses, who would put a veil over his face to prevent the Israelites from seeing the end of what was passing away.
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Are they Hebrews? So am I. Are they Israelites? So am I. Are they Abraham’s descendants? So am I.
