Israel Multiplies in Egypt

1 Now these are the ^(A)names of the sons of Israel who came to Egypt with Jacob; they came, each one ^[a]with his household: ² Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah; ³ Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin; ⁴ Dan and Naphtali, Gad and Asher. ^5 [b]All the people who descended from Jacob were ^(B)seventy ^[c]people, but Joseph was already in Egypt. ⁶ And ^(C)Joseph died, and all his brothers and all that generation. ⁷ But the sons of Israel ^(D)were fruitful and ^[d]increased greatly, and multiplied, and became exceedingly ^[e]mighty, so that the land was filled with them.

⁸ Now a new ^(E)king arose over Egypt, who did not know Joseph. ⁹ And ^(F)he said to his people, “Behold, the people of the sons of Israel are ^[f]too many and too mighty for us. ¹⁰ Come, let us ^(G)deal ^[g]shrewdly with them, otherwise they will multiply, and ^[h]in the event of war, they will also join those who hate us, and fight against us and ^[i]depart from the land.” ¹¹ So they appointed ^(H)taskmasters over them to oppress them with ^[j](I)hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh ^(J)storage cities, Pithom and ^(K)Raamses. ¹² But the more they oppressed them, ^(L)the more they multiplied and the more they ^[k]spread out, so that they dreaded the sons of Israel. ¹³ The Egyptians ^[l]used violence to compel the sons of Israel ^(M)to labor; ¹⁴ and they made ^(N)their lives bitter with hard labor in mortar and bricks and at all kinds of labor in the field, all their labors which they violently had them perform as slaves.

¹⁵ Then the king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom ^[m]was named Shiphrah, and the other ^[n]was named Puah; ¹⁶ and he said, “When you are helping the Hebrew women to give birth and see them upon the birthstool, ^(O)if it is a son, then you shall put him to death; but if it is a daughter, then she shall live.” ¹⁷ But the midwives ^[o](P)feared God, and ^(Q)did not do as the king of Egypt had ^[p]commanded them, but let the boys live. ¹⁸ So the king of Egypt called for the midwives and said to them, “Why have you done this thing, and let the boys live?” ¹⁹ The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women; for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife ^[q]can get to them.” ²⁰ So ^(R)God was good to the midwives, and ^(S)the people multiplied, and became very ^[r]mighty. ²¹ And because the midwives ^[s](T)feared God, He ^[t](U)established ^[u]households for them. ²² Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “^(V)Every son who is born, ^[v]you are to throw into ^(W)the Nile, but every daughter, you are to keep alive.”

The Birth of Moses

2 Now a man from ^(X)the house of Levi went and ^[w]married a daughter of Levi. ² And the woman conceived and gave birth to a son; and when she saw ^[x]that he was ^[y](Y)beautiful, she hid him for three months. ³ But when she could no longer hide him, she got him a ^(Z)papyrus ^[z]basket and covered it with tar and pitch. Then she put the child in it and set it among the ^(AA)reeds by the bank of the Nile. ^4 (AB)And his sister stood at a distance to ^[aa]find out what would ^[ab]happen to him.

⁵ Now the daughter of Pharaoh came down ^(AC)to bathe at the Nile, with her female attendants walking alongside the Nile; and she saw the ^[ac]basket among the reeds and sent her slave woman, and she brought it to her. ⁶ When she opened it, she ^[ad]saw the child, and behold, the boy was crying. And she had pity on him and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.” ⁷ Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and call a woman for you who is nursing from the Hebrew women, so that she may nurse the child for you?” ⁸ Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Go ahead.” So the girl went and called the child’s mother. ⁹ Then Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child away and nurse him for me, and I will give you your wages.” So the woman took the child and nursed him. ¹⁰ And the child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter and ^(AD)he became her son. And she named him ^[ae]Moses, and said, “Because I drew him out of the water.”

¹¹ Now it came about in those days, ^(AE)when Moses had grown up, that he went out to his ^[af]fellow Hebrews and looked at their ^[ag](AF)hard labors; and ^(AG)he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his ^[ah]fellow Hebrews. ¹² So he ^[ai]looked this way and that, and when he saw that there was no one around, he ^(AH)struck and killed the Egyptian, and hid ^[aj]his body in the sand. ¹³ Now he went out ^(AI)the next day, and behold, two Hebrews were ^[ak]fighting with each other; and he said to the ^[al]offender, “Why are you striking your companion?” ¹⁴ But he said, “^(AJ)Who made you a ^[am]ruler and a judge over us? Do you ^[an]intend to kill me as you killed the Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid and said, “Surely the matter has become known!”

Moses Escapes to Midian

¹⁵ When Pharaoh heard about this matter, he tried to kill Moses. But ^(AK)Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and ^[ao]settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down ^(AL)by a well.

¹⁶ Now ^(AM)the priest of Midian had seven daughters; and ^(AN)they came to draw water and filled the troughs to water their father’s flock. ¹⁷ Then the shepherds came and drove them away, but ^(AO)Moses stood up and helped them and watered their flock. ¹⁸ When they came to their father ^(AP)Reuel, he said, “Why have you come back so soon today?” ¹⁹ They said, “An Egyptian saved us from ^[ap]the shepherds, and what is more, he even drew water for us and watered the flock.” ²⁰ So he said to his daughters, “Where is he then? Why is it that you have left the man behind? Invite him ^[aq]to have something to eat.” ²¹ And ^(AQ)Moses was willing to live with the man. And he gave his daughter ^(AR)Zipporah to Moses. ²² Then she gave birth to ^(AS)a son, and he named him ^[ar]Gershom, for he said, “I have been ^(AT)a stranger in a foreign land.”

²³ Now it came about in the course of those many days that the king of Egypt died. And the sons of Israel ^(AU)groaned because of the bondage, and they cried out; and ^(AV)their cry for help because of their bondage ascended to God. ²⁴ So ^(AW)God heard their groaning; and God remembered ^(AX)His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. ²⁵ And ^(AY)God saw the sons of Israel, and God ^[as]took notice of them.

The Burning Bush

3 Now Moses was pasturing the flock of his father-in-law ^(AZ)Jethro, the priest of Midian; and he led the flock to the ^[at]west side of the wilderness and came to ^(BA)Horeb, the ^(BB)mountain of God. ² Then ^(BC)the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a blazing fire from the midst of ^[au]a ^(BD)bush; and he looked, and behold, the bush was burning with fire, yet the bush was not being consumed. ³ So Moses said, “^(BE)I must turn aside and see this ^[av]marvelous sight, why the bush is not burning up!” ⁴ When the Lord saw that he turned aside to look, ^(BF)God called to him from the midst of the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And he said, “Here I am.” ⁵ Then He said, “Do not come near here; ^(BG)remove your sandals from your feet, for the place on which you are standing is holy ground.” ⁶ And He said, “^(BH)I am the God of your father—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” ^(BI)Then Moses hid his face, for he was ^(BJ)afraid to look at God.

⁷ And the Lord said, “I have certainly ^(BK)seen the oppression of My people who are in Egypt, and have heard their outcry because of their taskmasters, for I am aware of their sufferings. ⁸ So I have come down ^(BL)to rescue them from the ^[aw]power of the Egyptians, and to bring them up from that land to a ^(BM)good and spacious land, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the place of ^(BN)the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite. ⁹ And now, behold, ^(BO)the cry of the sons of Israel has come to Me; furthermore, I have seen the oppression with which the Egyptians are oppressing them.

The Mission of Moses

¹⁰ And now come, and I will send you to Pharaoh, ^(BP)so that you may bring My people, the sons of Israel, out of Egypt.” ¹¹ But Moses said to God, “^(BQ)Who am I, that I should go to Pharaoh, and that I should bring the sons of Israel out of Egypt?” ¹² And He said, “Assuredly ^(BR)I will be with you, and this shall be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: ^(BS)when you have brought the people out of Egypt, ^(BT)you shall ^[ax]worship God at this mountain.”

¹³ Then Moses said to God, “Behold, I am going to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ Now they may say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?” ¹⁴ And God said to Moses, “^[ay](BU)I AM WHO ^[az]I AM”; and He said, “This is what you shall say to the sons of Israel: ‘^[ba]I AM has sent me to you.’” ¹⁵ God furthermore said to Moses, “This is what you shall say to the sons of Israel: ‘^(BV)The Lord, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is My name forever, and this is the ^[bb](BW)name for ^[bc]all generations to use to call upon Me. ¹⁶ Go and ^(BX)gather the elders of Israel together and say to them, ‘^(BY)The Lord, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob has appeared to me, saying, “^[bd](BZ)I am indeed concerned about you and what has been done to you in Egypt. ¹⁷ So ^(CA)I said, I will bring you up out of the oppression of Egypt to the land of ^(CB)the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, to a land ^(CC)flowing with milk and honey.”’ ¹⁸ Then ^(CD)they will ^[be]pay attention to what you say; and ^(CE)you with the elders of Israel will come to the king of Egypt, and you will say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. So now, please let us go a ^(CF)three days’ journey into the wilderness, so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ ¹⁹ But I know that the king of Egypt ^(CG)will not permit you to go, ^(CH)except ^[bf]under compulsion. ²⁰ So I will reach out with ^(CI)My hand and strike Egypt with all My ^(CJ)miracles which I shall do in the midst of it; and ^(CK)after that he will let you go. ²¹ I will grant this people ^(CL)favor in the sight of the Egyptians; and it shall be that when you go, you will not go empty-handed. ²² But every woman ^(CM)shall ask her neighbor and the woman who lives in her house for articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothing; and you will put them on your sons and daughters. So you will ^(CN)plunder the Egyptians.”

Moses Given Signs

4 Then Moses said, “What if they will not believe me or ^(CO)listen ^[bg]to what I say? For they may say, ‘^(CP)The Lord has not appeared to you.’” ² The Lord said to him, “What is that in your hand?” And he said, “^(CQ)A staff.” ³ Then He said, “Throw it on the ground.” So he threw it on the ground, and ^(CR)it turned into a serpent; and Moses fled from it. ⁴ But the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand and grasp it by its tail”—so he reached out with his hand and caught it, and it turned into a staff in his ^[bh]hand— ⁵ “so that ^(CS)they may believe that ^(CT)the Lord, the God of their fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has appeared to you.”

⁶ The Lord furthermore said to him, “Now put your hand inside the fold of your robe.” So he put his hand inside the fold, and when he took it out, behold, his hand was ^(CU)leprous like snow. ⁷ Then He said, “Put your hand inside the fold of your robe again.” So he put his hand into the fold again, and when he took it out of the fold, behold, ^(CV)it was restored like the rest of his flesh. ⁸ “So if they will not believe you nor ^[bi]pay attention to the ^[bj]evidence of the first ^[bk]sign, they may believe the ^[bl]evidence of the last ^[bm]sign. ⁹ But if they will not believe even these two ^[bn]signs nor pay attention to what you say, then you shall take some water from the Nile and pour it on the dry ground; and the water which you take from the Nile ^(CW)will turn into blood on the dry ground.”

¹⁰ Then Moses said to the Lord, “Please, Lord, ^(CX)I have never been ^[bo]eloquent, neither ^[bp]recently nor in time past, nor since You have spoken to Your servant; for I am ^[bq]slow of speech and ^[br]slow of tongue.” ¹¹ But the Lord said to him, “Who has made the human mouth? Or ^(CY)who makes anyone unable to speak or deaf, or able to see or blind? Is it not I, the Lord? ¹² Now then go, and ^(CZ)I Myself will be with your mouth, and ^(DA)instruct you in what you are to say.” ¹³ But he said, “Please, Lord, now send the message by ^[bs]whomever You will.”

Aaron to Be Moses’ Mouthpiece

¹⁴ Then the anger of the Lord burned against Moses, and He said, “Is there not your brother Aaron the Levite? I know that ^[bt]he speaks fluently. And moreover, behold, ^(DB)he is coming out to meet you; when he sees you, he will be ^[bu]overjoyed. ¹⁵ So you are to speak to him and ^(DC)put the words in his mouth; and I Myself will be with your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you in what you are to do. ^16 (DD)He shall speak for you to the people; and he will be as a mouth for you and you will be as God to him. ¹⁷ And you shall take in your hand ^(DE)this staff, ^(DF)with which you shall perform the signs.”

¹⁸ Then Moses departed and returned to ^(DG)his father-in-law ^[bv]Jethro, and said to him, “Please, let me go, that I may return to my brothers who are in Egypt, and see if they are still alive.” And Jethro said to Moses, “Go in peace.” ¹⁹ Now the Lord said to Moses in Midian, “Go ^[bw]back to Egypt, for ^(DH)all the men who were seeking your life are dead.” ²⁰ So Moses took his wife and his ^(DI)sons and mounted them on a donkey, and returned to the land of Egypt. Moses also took the ^(DJ)staff of God in his hand.

²¹ And the Lord said to Moses, “When you go ^[bx]back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all ^(DK)the wonders which I have put in your ^[by]power; but ^(DL)I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. ²² Then you shall say to Pharaoh, ‘This is what the Lord says: “^(DM)Israel is My son, My firstborn. ²³ So I said to you, ‘^(DN)Let My son go so that he may serve Me’; but you have refused to let him go. Behold, ^(DO)I am going to kill your son, your firstborn.”’”

²⁴ But it came about at the overnight encampment on the way, that the Lord met ^[bz]Moses, and ^(DP)sought to put him to death. ²⁵ So Zipporah took ^(DQ)a flint and cut off her son’s foreskin and ^[ca]threw it at Moses’ feet; and she said, “You are indeed a groom of blood to me!” ²⁶ So He left him alone. At that time she said, “You are a groom of blood”—^[cb]because of the circumcision.

^27 (DR)Now the Lord said to Aaron, “Go to meet Moses in the wilderness.” So he went and met him at the ^(DS)mountain of God and kissed him. ^28 (DT)Moses told Aaron all the words of the Lord with which He had sent him, and ^(DU)all the signs that He had commanded him to do. ²⁹ Then Moses and Aaron went and ^(DV)assembled all the elders of the sons of Israel; ³⁰ and ^(DW)Aaron spoke all the words which the Lord had spoken to Moses. He then performed the ^(DX)signs in the sight of the people. ³¹ So ^(DY)the people believed; and when they heard that the Lord ^[cc](DZ)was concerned about the sons of Israel and that He had seen their affliction, ^(EA)they bowed low and worshiped.

Israel’s Labor Increased

5 And afterward Moses and Aaron came and said to Pharaoh, “^(EB)This is what the Lord, the God of Israel says: ‘^(EC)Let My people go so that they may celebrate a feast to Me in the wilderness.’” ² But Pharaoh said, “^(ED)Who is the Lord that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I do not know the Lord, and besides, ^(EE)I will not let Israel go.” ³ Then they said, “^(EF)The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please, let us go a three days’ journey into the wilderness so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God, otherwise He will strike us with plague or with the sword.” ⁴ But the king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you let the people neglect their ^[cd]work? Get back to your ^(EG)labors!” ⁵ Again Pharaoh said, “Look, ^(EH)the people of the land are now many, and you would have them cease from their labors!” ⁶ So the same day Pharaoh commanded ^(EI)the taskmasters over the people and their ^(EJ)foremen, saying, ⁷ “You are no longer to give the people straw to make bricks as previously; have them go and gather straw for themselves. ⁸ But you shall impose on them the quota of bricks which they were making before; you are not to reduce any of it. Because they are ^(EK)lazy, for that reason they cry ^[ce]out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’ ⁹ Let the labor be heavier on the men, and have them work at it so that they will pay no attention to false words.”

¹⁰ So ^(EL)the taskmasters of the people and their foremen went out and spoke to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am not going to give you any straw. ¹¹ You go, get straw for yourselves wherever you can find it; but none of your labor will be reduced.’” ¹² So the people scattered through all the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw. ¹³ And the taskmasters pressed them, saying, “Complete your ^[cf]work quota, ^[cg]your daily amount, just as when ^[ch]you had straw.” ¹⁴ Moreover, ^(EM)the foremen of the sons of Israel, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, ^(EN)were beaten ^[ci]and asked, “Why have you not completed your required task of making bricks either yesterday or today, as before?”

¹⁵ Then the foremen of the sons of Israel came and cried out to Pharaoh, saying, “Why do you deal this way with your servants? ¹⁶ There is no straw given to your servants, yet they keep saying to us, ‘Make bricks!’ And behold, your servants are being beaten; but it is the fault of your own people.” ¹⁷ But he said, “You are ^(EO)lazy, very lazy; for that reason you say, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to the Lord.’ ¹⁸ So go now and work; for you will be given no straw, but you must deliver the quota of bricks.” ¹⁹ The foremen of the sons of Israel saw that they were in trouble, ^[cj]since they were told, “You must not reduce ^[ck]your daily amount of bricks.” ²⁰ When they left Pharaoh’s presence, they met Moses and Aaron as they were ^[cl]waiting for them. ²¹ And ^(EP)they said to them, “^(EQ)May the Lord look upon you and judge you, because you have ^(ER)made ^[cm]us repulsive in Pharaoh’s sight and in the sight of his servants, to put a sword in their hand to kill us!”

²² Then Moses returned to the Lord and said, “^(ES)Lord, why have You brought harm to this people? Why did You ever send me? ²³ Ever since I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has done harm to this people, ^(ET)and You have not rescued Your people at all.”

God Promises Action

6 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Now you shall see what I will do to Pharaoh; for ^[cn](EU)under compulsion he will let them go, and ^[co]under compulsion he will drive them out of his land.”

² God spoke further to Moses and said to him, “I am ^(EV)the Lord; ³ and I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as ^[cp](EW)God Almighty, but by ^(EX)My name, ^[cq]Lord, I did not make Myself known to them. ⁴ I also established ^(EY)My covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the ^[cr]land in which they lived as strangers. ⁵ Furthermore I have ^(EZ)heard the groaning of the sons of Israel, because the Egyptians are holding them in bondage, and I have remembered My covenant. ⁶ Say, therefore, to the sons of Israel, ‘^(FA)I am the Lord, and ^(FB)I will bring you out from under the labors of the Egyptians, and I will rescue you from their bondage. I will also ^(FC)redeem you with ^(FD)an outstretched arm, and with great judgments. ⁷ Then I will take you ^[cs](FE)as My people, and ^(FF)I will be ^[ct]your God; and ^(FG)you shall know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from under the labors of the Egyptians. ⁸ I will bring you to the land which ^(FH)I ^[cu]swore to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and ^(FI)I will give it to you as a possession; ^(FJ)I am the Lord.’” ⁹ So Moses said this to the sons of Israel, but they did not listen to Moses on ^(FK)account of their ^[cv]despondency and cruel bondage.

¹⁰ Now the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ¹¹ “^(FL)Go, ^[cw]tell Pharaoh king of Egypt ^[cx]to let the sons of Israel go out of his land.” ¹² But Moses spoke before the Lord, saying, “Behold, the sons of Israel have not listened to me; ^(FM)how then will Pharaoh listen to me, as I am ^[cy](FN)unskilled in speech?” ¹³ Nevertheless, the Lord spoke to Moses and to Aaron and gave them a command concerning the sons of Israel and Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

The Heads of Israel

¹⁴ These are the heads of their fathers’ households. ^(FO)The sons of Reuben, Israel’s firstborn: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi; these are the families of Reuben. ¹⁵ And the ^(FP)sons of Simeon: ^[cz]Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanite woman; these are the families of Simeon. ¹⁶ And these are the names of ^(FQ)the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari; and the ^[da]length of Levi’s life was 137 years. ^17 (FR)The sons of Gershon: ^[db]Libni and Shimei, according to their families. ¹⁸ And ^(FS)the sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel; and the ^[dc]length of Kohath’s life was 133 years. ¹⁹ And ^(FT)the sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to their generations. ²⁰ Now ^(FU)Amram ^[dd]married his father’s sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses; and the ^[de]length of Amram’s life was 137 years. ²¹ And ^(FV)the sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri. ²² And ^(FW)the sons of Uzziel: Mishael, ^[df]Elzaphan, and Sithri. ²³ Aaron ^[dg]married Elisheba, the daughter of ^(FX)Amminadab, the sister of ^(FY)Nahshon, and she bore him ^(FZ)Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. ²⁴ And the ^(GA)sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and ^[dh]Abiasaph; these are the families of the Korahites. ²⁵ Now Aaron’s son ^(GB)Eleazar ^[di]married one of the daughters of Putiel, and she bore him ^(GC)Phinehas. These are the heads of the fathers’ households of the Levites according to their families. ²⁶ It was the same Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “^(GD)Bring out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their ^[dj](GE)multitudes.” ²⁷ They were the ones ^(GF)who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt ^[dk]about bringing out the sons of Israel from Egypt; it was the same Moses and Aaron.

²⁸ Now it came about on the day when the Lord spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt, ²⁹ that the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “^(GG)I am the Lord; ^(GH)say to Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say to you.” ³⁰ But Moses said before the Lord, “Behold, I am ^[dl](GI)unskilled in speech; how then will Pharaoh listen to me?”

I Will Extend My Hand

7 Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(GJ)See, I have made you as God to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron shall be your prophet. ² As for you, you shall speak all that I command you, and your brother ^(GK)Aaron shall speak to Pharaoh that he let the sons of Israel go out of his land. ³ But ^(GL)I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, so that I may ^(GM)multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt. ⁴ When ^(GN)Pharaoh does not listen to you, I will lay My hand on Egypt and ^(GO)bring out My armies, My people the sons of Israel, from the land of Egypt by ^(GP)great judgments. ⁵ Then ^(GQ)the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I ^(GR)extend My hand over Egypt and bring out the sons of Israel from their midst.” ⁶ So Moses and Aaron did this; ^(GS)as the Lord commanded them, so they did. ⁷ And Moses was ^(GT)eighty years old and Aaron ^[dm]eighty-three, when they spoke to Pharaoh.

Aaron’s Staff Turns into a Serpent

⁸ Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying, ⁹ “When Pharaoh speaks to you, saying, ‘^[dn](GU)Work a miracle,’ then you shall say to Aaron, ‘^(GV)Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh, so that it may turn into a serpent.’” ¹⁰ So Moses and Aaron came to Pharaoh, and so they did, just as the Lord had commanded; and Aaron threw his staff down before Pharaoh and ^[do]his servants, and it ^(GW)turned into a serpent. ¹¹ Then Pharaoh also ^(GX)called for the wise men and the sorcerers, and they too, the ^(GY)soothsayer priests of Egypt, did the same with ^(GZ)their secret arts. ¹² For each one threw down his staff, and they turned into serpents. But Aaron’s staff swallowed their staffs. ¹³ Yet ^(HA)Pharaoh’s heart was ^[dp]hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

Water Turned into Blood

¹⁴ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is ^[dq]stubborn; he refuses to let the people go. ¹⁵ Go to Pharaoh in the morning ^[dr]just as ^(HB)he is going out to the water, and position yourself to meet him on the bank of the Nile; and you shall take in your hand ^(HC)the staff that was turned into a serpent. ¹⁶ And ^(HD)you shall say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, sent me to you, saying, “^(HE)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me in the wilderness. But behold, you have not listened up to now.” ¹⁷ This is what the Lord says: “^(HF)By this you shall know that I am the Lord: behold, I am going to strike ^[ds]the water that is in the Nile with the staff that is in my hand, and ^(HG)it will be turned into blood. ¹⁸ Then ^(HH)the fish that are in the Nile will die, the Nile will stink, and the Egyptians will ^[dt](HI)no longer be able to drink water from the Nile.”’” ¹⁹ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and ^(HJ)extend your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their ^[du]streams, over their pools, and over all their reservoirs of water, so that they may become blood; and there will be blood through all the land of Egypt, both in containers of wood and in containers of stone.’”

²⁰ So Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded. And he lifted up ^[dv](HK)the staff and struck the water that was in the Nile in the sight of Pharaoh and in the sight of his servants; and ^(HL)all the water that was in the Nile was turned into blood. ²¹ Then the fish that were in the Nile died, and the Nile stank, so that the Egyptians could not drink water from the Nile. And the blood was through all the land of Egypt. ^22 (HM)But the soothsayer priests of Egypt did the same with their secret arts; and Pharaoh’s heart was ^[dw]hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said. ²³ Then Pharaoh turned and went into his house ^[dx]with no concern even for this. ²⁴ So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they could not drink from the water of the Nile. ²⁵ Seven days ^[dy]passed after the Lord had struck the Nile.

Frogs over the Land

8 ^[dz]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “^(HN)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. ² But if you refuse to let them go, behold, I am going to strike your entire territory with frogs. ³ The Nile will ^(HO)swarm with frogs, which will come up and go into your house, and into your bedroom and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls. ⁴ So the frogs will come up on you, your people, and on all your servants.”’” ^5 [ea]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘^(HP)Extend your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the ^[eb]streams, and over the pools, and make frogs come up on the land of Egypt.’” ⁶ So Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the ^[ec](HQ)frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. ⁷ However, ^(HR)the soothsayer priests did the same with their secret arts, ^[ed]making frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

⁸ Then Pharaoh ^(HS)called for Moses and Aaron and said, “^(HT)Plead with the Lord ^[ee]to remove the frogs from me and from my people; and ^(HU)I will let the people go, so that they may sacrifice to the Lord.” ⁹ And Moses said to Pharaoh, “^[ef]The honor is yours to tell me: when shall I plead for you and your servants and your people, ^[eg]that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, that they be left only in the Nile?”

¹⁰ Then he said, “Tomorrow.” So he said, “May it be according to your word, so that you may know that there is ^(HV)no one like the Lord our God. ¹¹ The ^(HW)frogs will depart from you and your houses, and from your servants and your people; they will be left only in the Nile.” ¹² Then Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and ^(HX)Moses cried out to the Lord concerning the frogs which He had ^[eh]inflicted upon Pharaoh. ¹³ The Lord did according to the word of Moses, and the frogs died out of the houses, the courtyards, and the fields. ¹⁴ So they piled them in heaps, and the land stank. ¹⁵ But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he ^[ei]hardened his heart and ^(HY)did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Insects

¹⁶ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Extend your staff and strike the dust of the earth, so that it may turn into ^[ej]gnats through all the land of Egypt.’” ¹⁷ They did so; and Aaron extended his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, and there were ^[ek]gnats on every ^[el]person and animal. All the dust of the earth turned into ^[em](HZ)gnats through all the land of Egypt. ¹⁸ The soothsayer priests tried with their secret arts to produce ^[en]gnats, but ^(IA)they could not; so there were ^[eo]gnats on every person and animal. ¹⁹ Then the soothsayer priests said to Pharaoh, “^(IB)This is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart was ^[ep]hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

²⁰ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(IC)Rise early in the morning and present yourself before Pharaoh, ^[eq]as ^(ID)he comes out to the water; and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “^(IE)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. ²¹ For if you are not going to let My people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies on you and on your servants and on your people, and into your houses; and the houses of the Egyptians will be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground on which they live. ^22 (IF)But on that day I will set apart the land of Goshen, where My people are ^[er]living, so that no swarms of flies will be there, in order that you may know that ^[es](IG)I, the Lord, am in the midst of the land. ²³ I will ^[et]put a division between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will occur.”’” ²⁴ Then the Lord did so. And ^[eu]thick swarms of flies entered the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants, and the land was ^(IH)laid waste because of the swarms of flies in all the land of Egypt.

²⁵ Then Pharaoh ^(II)called for Moses and Aaron and said, “^(IJ)Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” ²⁶ But Moses said, “It is not permissible for us to do so, because we will sacrifice to the Lord our God ^[ev]that which is ^(IK)an abomination to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice ^[ew]that which is an abomination to the Egyptians before their eyes, will they not stone us? ²⁷ We must go a ^(IL)three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God, just as He ^[ex]commands us.” ²⁸ Pharaoh said, “^(IM)I will let you go, so that you may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away. ^(IN)Plead for me.” ²⁹ Then Moses said, “Behold, I am going to leave you, and I will plead with the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people tomorrow; only do not let Pharaoh ^(IO)deal deceitfully again in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.”

³⁰ So ^(IP)Moses left Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. ³¹ The Lord did ^[ey]as Moses asked, and removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; not one remained. ³² But Pharaoh ^[ez]hardened his heart this time also, and ^(IQ)he did not let the people go.

Egyptian Livestock Die

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and speak to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “^(IR)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. ² For ^(IS)if you refuse to let them go and ^[fa]continue to hold them, ³ behold, ^(IT)the hand of the Lord ^[fb]will come with a very severe plague on your livestock which are in the field, on the horses, on the donkeys, on the camels, on the herds, and on the flocks. ^4 (IU)But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that ^(IV)nothing will die of all that belongs to the sons of Israel.”’” ⁵ And the Lord set a definite time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.” ⁶ So the Lord did this thing on the next day, and ^(IW)all the livestock of Egypt died; ^(IX)but not one of the livestock of the sons of Israel died. ⁷ And Pharaoh sent men, and they learned that, behold, not even one of the livestock of Israel was dead. But ^(IY)the heart of Pharaoh was ^[fc]hardened, and he did not let the people go.

The Plague of Boils

⁸ Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take for yourselves handfuls of soot from a kiln, and Moses shall toss it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh. ⁹ Then it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and will turn into ^(IZ)boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal through all the land of Egypt.” ¹⁰ So they took soot from a kiln, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses tossed it toward the sky, and it became boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal. ^11 (JA)The soothsayer priests could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the soothsayer priests as well as on all the Egyptians. ¹² But ^(JB)the Lord ^[fd]hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had spoken to Moses.

¹³ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(JC)Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “^(JD)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. ¹⁴ For this time I am going to send all My plagues ^[fe]on you and your servants and your people, so that ^(JE)you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth. ¹⁵ For had I now put out My hand and struck you and your people with plague, you would then have been eliminated from the earth. ¹⁶ But indeed, ^(JF)for this reason I have allowed you to ^[ff]remain, in order to show you My power and in order to proclaim My name throughout the earth. ¹⁷ Still you exalt yourself against My people ^[fg]by not letting them go.

The Plague of Hail

¹⁸ Behold, about this time tomorrow, ^(JG)I will ^[fh]send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded ^[fi]until now. ¹⁹ So now, send word, bring ^(JH)your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. ^(JI)Every person and animal that is found in the field and is not brought home, when the hail comes down on them, will die.”’” ^20 (JJ)Everyone among the servants of Pharaoh who ^[fj]feared the word of the Lord hurried to bring his servants and his livestock into the houses; ²¹ but everyone who ^[fk]did not pay regard to the word of the Lord ^[fl]left his servants and his livestock in the field.

²² Now the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand toward the sky, so that ^[fm](JK)hail may fall on all the land of Egypt, on every person and animal, and on every plant of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.” ²³ So Moses reached out with his staff toward the sky, and the Lord ^[fn]sent ^[fo]thunder and ^(JL)hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt. ²⁴ So there was hail, and fire flashing intermittently in the midst of the hail, which was very heavy, such as had not occurred in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. ^25 (JM)The hail struck everything that was in the field through all the land of Egypt, from people to animals; the hail also struck every plant of the field, and shattered every tree of the field. ^26 (JN)Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, was there no hail.

²⁷ Then Pharaoh ^[fp](JO)sent for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “^(JP)I have sinned this time; the Lord is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked ones. ^28 (JQ)Plead with the Lord, for there has been enough of God’s ^[fq]thunder and hail; and ^(JR)I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.” ²⁹ Moses said to him, “As soon as I go out of the city, I will ^(JS)spread out my ^[fr]hands to the Lord; the ^[fs]thunder will cease and there will no longer be hail, so that you may know that ^(JT)the earth is the Lord’s. ^30 (JU)But as for you and your servants, I know that ^(JV)you do not yet ^[ft]fear ^[fu]the Lord God.” ³¹ (Now the flax and the ^(JW)barley were ^[fv]ruined, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud. ³² But the wheat and the spelt were not ^[fw]ruined, for they ripen late.) ^33 (JX)So Moses left the city from his meeting with Pharaoh, and spread out his ^[fx]hands to the Lord; and the ^[fy]thunder and the hail stopped, and rain ^[fz]no longer poured on the earth. ³⁴ But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the ^[ga]thunder had stopped, he sinned again and ^[gb]hardened his heart, he and his servants. ³⁵ So Pharaoh’s heart was ^[gc]hardened, and he did not let the sons of Israel go, just as the ^(JY)Lord had spoken through Moses.

The Plague of Locusts

10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for ^(JZ)I have ^[gd]hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, so that I may ^[ge]perform these signs of Mine ^[gf]among them, ² and ^(KA)that you may tell in the ^[gg]presence of your son, and of your grandson, how I made a mockery of the Egyptians and how I ^[gh]performed My signs among them, ^(KB)so that you may know that I am the Lord.”

³ So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: ‘How long will you refuse to ^(KC)humble yourself before Me? ^(KD)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. ⁴ For if you refuse to let My people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. ⁵ And they will cover the surface of the land, so that no one will be able to see the land. ^(KE)They will also eat the rest of what has survived—what is left to you from the hail—and they will eat every tree of yours which grows ^[gi]in the field. ⁶ Then ^(KF)your houses will be filled with them, ^[gj]together with the houses of all your servants and the houses of all the Egyptians, something which neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen, from the day that they ^[gk]came upon the earth until this day.’” And he turned and left Pharaoh. ⁷ Then ^(KG)Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How long shall this man be ^(KH)a snare to us? Let the ^[gl]people go, so that they may serve the Lord their God. Do you not yet ^[gm]realize that Egypt is destroyed?” ⁸ So Moses and Aaron ^(KI)were brought back to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “^(KJ)Go, serve the Lord your God! ^[gn]Who specifically are the ones who are going?” ⁹ Moses said, “^(KK)We shall go with our young and our old; with our sons and our daughters, ^(KL)with our flocks and our herds we shall go, for we ^[go]must hold a feast to the Lord.” ¹⁰ Then he said to them, “So may the Lord be with you, when I let you and your little ones go! Watch out, for evil is ^[gp]on your mind! ¹¹ Not so! Go now, but only the men among you, and serve the Lord, since ^[gq]that is what you desire.” So ^(KM)they were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.

¹² Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(KN)Reach out with your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, so that they may come up on the land of Egypt and ^(KO)eat every plant of the land, everything that the hail has left.” ¹³ So Moses reached out with his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord directed an east wind on the land all that day and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind ^[gr]brought the ^(KP)locusts. ^14 (KQ)The locusts came up over all the land of Egypt and settled in all the territory of Egypt; they were very ^[gs]numerous. There had never been so many ^[gt]locusts, nor would there be so many ^[gu]again. ¹⁵ For they covered the surface of the whole land, so that the land was darkened; and they ^(KR)ate every plant of the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Therefore nothing green was left on tree or plant of the field throughout the land of Egypt. ¹⁶ Then Pharaoh hurriedly ^(KS)called for Moses and Aaron, and he said, “^(KT)I have sinned against the Lord your God and against you. ¹⁷ So now, please forgive my sin only this once, and ^(KU)plead with the Lord your God, that He would only remove this death from me.” ¹⁸ Then ^(KV)he left Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. ¹⁹ So the Lord shifted the wind to a very strong west wind, which picked up the locusts and drove them into the ^[gv]Red Sea; not one locust was left in all the territory of Egypt. ²⁰ But ^(KW)the Lord ^[gw]hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go.

Darkness over the Land

²¹ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(KX)Reach out with your hand toward the sky, so that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even a darkness ^(KY)which may be felt.” ²² So Moses reached out with his hand toward the sky, and there was ^(KZ)thick darkness in all the land of Egypt for three days. ²³ They did not see one another, nor did anyone rise from his place for three days, ^(LA)but all the sons of Israel had light in their dwellings. ²⁴ Then Pharaoh ^(LB)called for Moses, and said, “Go, serve the Lord; only let your flocks and your herds be left behind. Even ^(LC)your little ones may go with you.” ²⁵ But Moses said, “You must also ^[gx]let us have sacrifices and burnt offerings, so that we may ^[gy]sacrifice them to the Lord our God. ^26 (LD)Therefore, our livestock too shall go with us; not a hoof shall be left behind, for we shall take some of them to serve the Lord our God. And until we arrive there, we ourselves do not know with what we shall serve the Lord.” ²⁷ But ^(LE)the Lord ^[gz]hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to let them go. ²⁸ Then Pharaoh said to him, “^(LF)Get away from me! ^[ha]Be careful, do not see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you shall die!” ²⁹ Moses said, “You have spoken correctly; ^(LG)I shall never see your face again!”

The Last Plague

11 Now the Lord said to Moses, “One more plague I will bring on Pharaoh and on Egypt; ^(LH)after that he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will assuredly drive you out from here completely. ² Speak now ^[hb]so that the people hear, that ^(LI)each man is to ask of his neighbor, and each woman of her neighbor, articles of silver and articles of gold.” ³ And ^(LJ)the Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. ^(LK)Furthermore, the man Moses himself was ^[hc]greatly esteemed in the land of Egypt, both in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants and in the sight of the people.

⁴ Then Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘About ^(LL)midnight I am going out into the midst of Egypt, ⁵ and ^(LM)all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of the Pharaoh who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the slave girl who is behind the millstones; all the firstborn of the cattle as well. ⁶ So there shall be ^(LN)a great cry in all the land of Egypt, such as there has not been before and such as shall never be again. ^7 (LO)But not even a dog will ^[hd]threaten any of the sons of Israel, nor anything from person to animal, so that you may ^[he]learn how the Lord distinguishes between Egypt and Israel.’ ⁸ And ^(LP)all these servants of yours will come down to me and bow themselves ^[hf]before me, saying, ‘Go out, you and all the people who ^[hg]follow you,’ and after that I will go out.” ^(LQ)And he left Pharaoh in the heat of anger.

⁹ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(LR)Pharaoh will not listen to you, so ^(LS)that My wonders will be multiplied in the land of Egypt.” ¹⁰ So ^(LT)Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet ^(LU)the Lord ^[hh]hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.

The Passover Lamb

12 Now the Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of ^[hi]Egypt, ² “^(LV)This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year for you. ³ Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, ‘On the tenth of this month they are, each one, to take a ^[hj]lamb for themselves, according to the fathers’ households, a ^[hk]lamb for ^[hl]each household. ⁴ Now if the household is too small for a ^[hm]lamb, then he and his neighbor nearest to his house are to take one according to the ^[hn]number of persons in them; in proportion to ^[ho]what each one should eat, you are to ^[hp]divide the lamb. ⁵ Your ^[hq]lamb shall be ^(LW)an unblemished male a year old; you may take it from the sheep or from the goats. ^6 [hr]You shall keep it until the ^(LX)fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to slaughter it ^[hs](LY)at twilight. ^7 (LZ)Moreover, they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel ^[ht]of the houses in which they eat it. ⁸ They shall eat the flesh ^(MA)that same night, ^(MB)roasted with fire, and they shall eat it with ^(MC)unleavened bread ^[hu](MD)and bitter herbs. ⁹ Do not eat any of it raw or boiled at all with water, but rather ^(ME)roasted with fire, both its head and its legs along with ^(MF)its entrails. ^10 (MG)And you shall not leave any of it over until morning, but whatever is left of it until morning, you shall completely burn with fire. ¹¹ Now you shall eat it in this way: with your garment ^[hv]belted around your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and you shall eat it in a hurry—it is ^(MH)the Lord’s Passover. ¹² For ^(MI)I will go through the land of Egypt on that night, and fatally strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the human firstborn to animals; and ^(MJ)against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments—^(MK)I am the Lord. ^13 (ML)The blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you ^[hw]live; and when I see the blood I will pass over you, and no plague will come upon you ^[hx]to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

Feast of Unleavened Bread

¹⁴ ‘Now ^(MM)this day shall be ^(MN)a memorial to you, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations you are to celebrate it as ^[hy](MO)a permanent ordinance. ¹⁵ For ^(MP)seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove dough with yeast from your houses; for whoever eats anything with yeast from the first day until the seventh day, ^(MQ)that ^[hz]person shall be cut off from Israel. ¹⁶ And ^(MR)on the first day you shall have a holy assembly, and another holy assembly on the seventh day; no work at all shall be done on them, except for what must be eaten by every person—that alone may be ^[ia]prepared by you. ¹⁷ You shall also keep ^(MS)the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this ^(MT)very day I brought your ^[ib]multitudes out of the land of Egypt; therefore you shall keep this day throughout your generations as ^(MU)a ^[ic]permanent ordinance. ^18 (MV)In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. ¹⁹ For ^(MW)seven days there shall be no dough with yeast found in your houses; for whoever eats anything with yeast, that ^[id](MX)person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a native of the land. ²⁰ You shall not eat anything with yeast; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’”

²¹ Then ^(MY)Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and ^(MZ)take for yourselves ^[ie]lambs according to your families, and slaughter ^(NA)the Passover lamb. ²² And ^(NB)you shall take a bunch of hyssop and dip it in the blood which is in the basin, and ^[if]apply some of the blood that is in the basin to the lintel and the two doorposts; and none of you shall go outside the door of his house until morning.

A Memorial of Redemption

²³ For ^(NC)the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians; but when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and will ^(ND)not allow the ^(NE)destroyer to come in to your houses to strike you. ²⁴ And ^(NF)you shall keep this event as an ordinance for you and your children forever. ²⁵ When you enter the land which the Lord will give you, as He has ^[ig]promised, you shall keep this ^[ih]rite. ^26 (NG)And when your children say to you, ‘^[ii]What does this rite mean to you?’ ²⁷ then you shall say, ‘It is a Passover sacrifice to ^(NH)the Lord because He passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians, but ^[ij]spared our homes.’” ^(NI)And the people bowed low and worshiped.

²⁸ Then the sons of Israel went and did so; just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

²⁹ Now it came about at ^(NJ)midnight that ^(NK)the Lord struck all ^(NL)the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of ^(NM)cattle. ³⁰ And Pharaoh got up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians, and there was ^(NN)a great cry in Egypt, for there was no home where there was not someone dead. ³¹ Then ^(NO)he called for Moses and Aaron at night and said, “Rise up, ^(NP)get out from among my people, both you and the sons of Israel; and go, ^[ik]worship the Lord, as you have said. ³² Take ^(NQ)both your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and go, and bless me also.”

Exodus of Israel

^33 (NR)The Egyptians urged the people, to send them out of the land in a hurry, for they said, “We will all be dead.” ³⁴ So the people took ^(NS)their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.

^35 (NT)Now the sons of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, for they had requested from the Egyptians articles of silver and articles of gold, and clothing; ³⁶ and the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they let them have their request. Therefore they ^(NU)plundered the Egyptians.

³⁷ Now the ^(NV)sons of Israel journeyed from ^(NW)Rameses to Succoth, about ^(NX)six hundred thousand men on foot, aside from children. ³⁸ A ^(NY)mixed multitude also went up with them, ^[il]along with flocks and herds, a ^(NZ)very large number of livestock. ³⁹ And they baked the dough which they had brought out of Egypt into cakes of unleavened bread. For it had no yeast, since they were ^(OA)driven out of Egypt and could not delay, nor had they ^[im]prepared any provisions for themselves.

⁴⁰ Now the time ^[in]that the sons of Israel had lived in Egypt was ^(OB)430 years. ⁴¹ And at the end of 430 years, on ^(OC)this very day, ^(OD)all the ^[io]multitudes of the Lord departed from the land of Egypt.

Ordinance of the Passover

^42 (OE)It is a night ^[ip]to be observed for the Lord, for having brought them out of the land of Egypt; this night is for the Lord, ^[iq]to be observed by all the sons of Israel throughout their generations.

⁴³ And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of ^(OF)the Passover: no ^[ir](OG)foreigner is to eat it; ⁴⁴ but as for every ^(OH)slave ^[is]that someone has purchased with money, after you have circumcised him, then he may eat it. ^45 (OI)A stranger or a hired worker shall not eat it. ⁴⁶ It is to be eaten in a single house; you are not to bring any of the meat outside of the house, ^(OJ)nor are you to break any bone of it. ^47 (OK)All the congregation of Israel are to ^[it]celebrate this. ⁴⁸ But ^(OL)if a stranger resides with you and ^[iu]celebrates the Passover to the Lord, all of his males are to be circumcised, and then he shall come near to ^[iv]celebrate it; and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised male may eat it. ^49 [iw](OM)The same law shall ^[ix]apply to the native as to the stranger who resides among you.”

⁵⁰ Then all the sons of Israel did so; they did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron. ⁵¹ And on that very day ^(ON)the Lord brought the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt ^(OO)according to their ^[iy]multitudes.

13 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “^(OP)Sanctify to Me every firstborn, the firstborn of every womb among the sons of Israel, among people and animals alike; it belongs to Me.”

³ And Moses said to the people, “^(OQ)Remember this day in which you departed from Egypt, from the house of ^[iz]slavery; for ^(OR)by ^[ja]a powerful hand the Lord brought you out from this place. ^(OS)And nothing with yeast shall be eaten. ⁴ On this day in the ^(OT)month of Abib, you are about to go out from here. ⁵ And it shall be when the Lord ^(OU)brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, which ^(OV)He swore to your fathers to give you, a land flowing with milk and honey, ^(OW)that you shall ^[jb]perform this rite in this month. ⁶ For ^(OX)seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the Lord. ⁷ Unleavened bread shall be eaten throughout the seven days; and ^(OY)nothing with yeast shall ^[jc]be seen among you, nor shall any dough with yeast ^[jd]be seen among you in all your borders. ⁸ And ^(OZ)you shall tell your son on that day, saying, ‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ ⁹ And ^(PA)it shall ^[je]serve as a sign to you on your hand, and as a reminder ^[jf]on your forehead, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth; for with ^(PB)a powerful hand the Lord brought you out of Egypt. ¹⁰ Therefore, you shall ^(PC)keep this ordinance at its appointed time from ^[jg]year to year.

¹¹ “Now when ^(PD)the Lord brings you to the land of the Canaanite, as ^(PE)He swore to you and to your fathers, and gives it to you, ^12 (PF)you shall ^[jh]devote to the Lord every firstborn of a womb, and every firstborn offspring of an animal that you own; the males belong to the Lord. ¹³ But ^(PG)every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then you shall break its neck; and ^(PH)every ^[ji]firstborn among your sons you shall redeem. ^14 (PI)And it shall be when your son asks you in time to come, saying, ‘What is this?’ then you shall say to him, ‘^(PJ)With ^[jj]a powerful hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, from the house of ^[jk]slavery. ¹⁵ And it came about, when Pharaoh was stubborn about letting us go, that the ^(PK)Lord put to death every firstborn in the land of Egypt, from human firstborns to animal firstborns. Therefore, I sacrifice to the Lord the males, every firstborn of a womb, but every firstborn of my sons I redeem.’ ¹⁶ So ^(PL)it shall ^[jl]serve as a sign on your hand and as ^[jm]phylacteries ^[jn]on your forehead, for with ^[jo]a powerful hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.”

God Leads the People

¹⁷ Now when Pharaoh had let the people go, God did not lead them by the way of the land of the Philistines, even though it was near; for God said, “^(PM)The people might change their minds when they see war, and return to Egypt.” ¹⁸ Therefore God led the people around by way of the wilderness to the ^[jp]Red Sea; and the sons of Israel went up ^(PN)in battle formation from the land of Egypt. ¹⁹ And Moses took ^(PO)the bones of Joseph with him, for he had made the sons of Israel solemnly swear, saying, “God will certainly ^[jq]take care of you, and you shall carry my bones from here with you.” ²⁰ Then they set out from ^(PP)Succoth and camped in Etham, on the edge of the wilderness. ²¹ And ^(PQ)the Lord was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, so that they might ^[jr]travel by day and by night. ^22 [js]He ^(PR)did not take away the pillar of cloud by day, nor the pillar of fire by night, from the presence of the people.

Pharaoh in Pursuit

14 Now the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ² “Tell the sons of Israel to turn back and camp in front of ^(PS)Pi-hahiroth, between ^(PT)Migdol and the sea; you shall camp in front of Baal-zephon, opposite it, by the sea. ³ For Pharaoh will say of the sons of Israel, ‘They are wandering aimlessly in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.’ ⁴ And ^(PU)I will ^[jt]harden Pharaoh’s heart, and ^(PV)he will chase after them; and I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army, and ^(PW)the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord.” And they did so.

⁵ When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, ^[ju]Pharaoh and his servants had a change of heart toward the people, and they said, “What is this that we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” ⁶ So he had horses harnessed to his chariot and took his people with him; ⁷ and he took six hundred select chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them. ⁸ So ^(PX)the Lord ^[jv]hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out ^[jw](PY)boldly. ⁹ Then ^(PZ)the Egyptians chased after them with all the horses and chariots of Pharaoh, his horsemen and his army, and they overtook them camping by the sea, ^(QA)beside Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.

¹⁰ As Pharaoh approached, the sons of Israel ^[jx]looked, and behold, the Egyptians were coming after them, and they became very frightened; ^(QB)so the sons of Israel cried out to the Lord. ¹¹ Then ^(QC)they said to Moses, “Is it because there were no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you dealt with us in this way, ^[jy]bringing us out of Egypt? ^12 (QD)Is this not the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, ‘^[jz]Leave us alone so that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness!”

The Sea Is Divided

¹³ But Moses said to the people, “^(QE)Do not fear! ^[ka]Stand by and see ^(QF)the salvation of the Lord, which He will perform for you today; for the Egyptians whom you have seen today, you will never see them again, ever. ^14 (QG)The Lord will fight for you, while ^(QH)you keep silent.”

¹⁵ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Why are you crying out to Me? Tell the sons of Israel to go forward. ¹⁶ As for you, lift up ^(QI)your staff and reach out with your hand over the sea and divide it, and the sons of Israel shall ^[kb]go through the midst of the sea on dry land. ¹⁷ And as for Me, behold, ^(QJ)I will ^[kc]harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them; and I will be honored through Pharaoh and all his army, through his chariots and his horsemen. ^18 (QK)Then the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord, when I am honored through Pharaoh, through his chariots, and through his horsemen.”

¹⁹ Then ^(QL)the angel of God, who had been going before the camp of Israel, moved and went behind them; and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them. ²⁰ So it came between the camp of Egypt and the camp of Israel; and there was the cloud ^[kd]along with the darkness, yet it gave light at night. Therefore the one did not approach the other all night.

^21 (QM)Then Moses reached out with his hand over the sea; and the Lord ^[ke]swept the sea back by a strong east wind all night, and turned the sea into ^(QN)dry land, and ^(QO)the waters were divided. ²² So ^(QP)the sons of Israel ^[kf]went through the midst of the sea on the dry land, and ^(QQ)the waters were like a wall to them on their right and on their left. ²³ Then ^(QR)the Egyptians took up the pursuit, and all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen went in after them into the midst of the sea. ²⁴ But at the morning watch, ^(QS)the Lord looked down on the ^[kg]army of the Egyptians ^[kh]through the pillar of fire and cloud, and brought the ^[ki]army of the Egyptians into confusion. ²⁵ He ^[kj]caused their chariot wheels to swerve, and He made them drive with difficulty; so the Egyptians each said, “Let me flee from Israel, ^(QT)for the Lord is fighting for them against the Egyptians.”

²⁶ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(QU)Reach out with your hand over the sea so that the waters may come back over the Egyptians, over their chariots and their horsemen.” ²⁷ So Moses reached out with his hand over the sea, and ^(QV)the sea returned to its normal state at daybreak, while the Egyptians were fleeing ^[kk]right into it; then the Lord ^[kl](QW)overthrew the Egyptians in the midst of the sea. ²⁸ The waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen, Pharaoh’s entire army that had gone into the sea after them; ^(QX)not even one of them remained. ²⁹ But the sons of Israel walked on ^(QY)dry land through the midst of the sea, and the waters were like a wall to them on their right and on their left.

^30 (QZ)So the Lord saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel ^(RA)saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. ³¹ When Israel saw the great ^[km]power which the Lord had ^[kn]used against the Egyptians, the people ^[ko]feared the Lord, and ^(RB)they believed in the Lord and in His servant Moses.

The Song of Moses and Israel

15 ^(RC)Then Moses and the sons of Israel sang this song to the Lord, ^[kp]saying:

^19 (ST)For the horses of Pharaoh with his chariots and his horsemen went into the sea, and the Lord brought back the waters of the sea on them, but the sons of Israel walked on ^(SU)dry land through the midst of the sea.

^20 (SV)Miriam the prophetess, Aaron’s sister, took the ^(SW)tambourine in her hand, and all the women went out after her with tambourines and with ^[la](SX)dancing. ²¹ And Miriam answered them,

The Lord Provides Water

^22 (SZ)Then Moses ^[lc]led Israel from the ^[ld]Red Sea, and they went out into ^(TA)the wilderness of ^(TB)Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness and found no water. ²³ When they came to ^(TC)Marah, they could not drink the waters ^[le]of Marah, because they were ^[lf]bitter; for that reason it was named ^[lg]Marah. ²⁴ So the people ^(TD)grumbled at Moses, saying, “What are we to drink?” ²⁵ Then he ^(TE)cried out to the Lord, and the Lord showed him ^(TF)a tree; and he threw it into the waters, and the waters became sweet.

There He ^(TG)made for them a statute and regulation, and there He ^(TH)tested them. ²⁶ And He said, “^(TI)If you will listen carefully to the voice of the Lord your God, and do what is right in His sight, and listen ^(TJ)to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, ^(TK)I will put none of the diseases on you which I have put on the Egyptians; for I, ^(TL)the Lord, am your healer.”

²⁷ Then they came to ^(TM)Elim where there were twelve springs of water and seventy date palms, and they camped there beside the waters.

The Lord Provides Manna

16 Then they set out from Elim, and all the congregation of the sons of Israel came to the wilderness of ^(TN)Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on ^(TO)the fifteenth day of the second month after their departure from the land of Egypt. ² But the whole congregation of the sons of Israel ^(TP)grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness. ³ The sons of Israel said to them, “^(TQ)If only we had died by the Lord’s hand in the land of Egypt, ^(TR)when we sat by the pots of meat, when we ate bread until we were full; for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this entire assembly with hunger!”

⁴ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Behold, ^(TS)I will rain bread from heaven for you; and the people shall go out and gather a day’s portion every day, so that I may ^(TT)test them, whether or not they will walk in My ^[lh]instruction. ^5 (TU)On the sixth day, when they prepare what they bring in, it will be twice as much as they gather daily.” ⁶ So Moses and Aaron said to all the sons of Israel, “At evening ^[li](TV)you will know that the Lord has brought you out of the land of Egypt; ⁷ and in the morning ^[lj]you will see ^(TW)the glory of the Lord, for ^(TX)He hears your grumblings against the Lord; and ^(TY)what are we, that you grumble against us?”

The Lord Provides Meat

⁸ And Moses said, “This will happen when the Lord gives you meat to eat in the evening, and bread to the full in the morning; for the Lord hears your grumblings which you grumble against Him. And what are we? Your grumblings are ^(TZ)not against us but against the Lord.”

⁹ Then Moses said to Aaron, “Say to all the congregation of the sons of Israel, ‘^(UA)Come forward before the Lord, for He has heard your grumblings.’” ¹⁰ And it came about, as Aaron spoke to the entire congregation of the sons of Israel, that they ^[lk]looked toward the wilderness, and behold, ^(UB)the glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud. ¹¹ And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, ¹² “^(UC)I have heard the grumblings of the sons of Israel; speak to them, saying, ‘^[ll]At twilight you shall eat meat, and in the morning you shall be filled with bread; and ^(UD)you shall know that I am the Lord your God.’”

¹³ So it came about at evening that ^(UE)the quails came up and covered the camp, and in the morning ^(UF)there was a layer of dew around the camp. ^14 (UG)When the layer of dew ^[lm]evaporated, behold, on the ^[ln]surface of the wilderness ^(UH)there was a fine flake-like thing, fine as the frost on the ground. ¹⁵ When the sons of Israel saw it, they said to one another, “^[lo]What is it?” For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, “^(UI)It is the bread which the Lord has given you to eat. ¹⁶ This is ^[lp]what the Lord has commanded: ‘Everyone gather ^[lq]as much as he will eat; you shall take ^[lr](UJ)an omer apiece according to the number of people each of you has in his tent.’” ¹⁷ The sons of Israel did so, and some gathered much and some little. ¹⁸ When they measured it by the ^[ls]omer, ^(UK)the one who had gathered much did not have too much, and the one who had gathered little did not have too little; everyone gathered ^[lt]as much as he would eat. ¹⁹ Moses said to them, “^(UL)No one is to leave any of it until morning.” ²⁰ But they did not listen to Moses, and some left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank; and Moses was angry with them. ²¹ They gathered it morning by morning, everyone ^[lu]as much as he would eat; but when the sun became hot, it would melt.

The Sabbath

^22 (UM)Now on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, ^[lv]two omers for each one. When all the ^(UN)leaders of the congregation came and told Moses, ²³ then he said to them, “This is what the Lord ^[lw]meant: ^(UO)Tomorrow is a Sabbath observance, a holy Sabbath to the Lord. Bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, and ^(UP)all that is left over ^[lx]put aside to be kept until morning.” ²⁴ So they put it aside until morning, as Moses had ordered, and ^(UQ)it did not stink nor was there a maggot in it. ²⁵ Then Moses said, “Eat it today, for today is a Sabbath to the Lord; today you will not find it in the field. ^26 (UR)Six days you shall gather it, but on the seventh day, the Sabbath, there will be ^[ly]none.”

²⁷ Yet it came about on the seventh day that some of the people went out to gather, but they found none. ²⁸ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(US)How long do you refuse to keep My commandments and My ^[lz]instructions? ²⁹ See, ^[ma]the Lord has given you the Sabbath; for that reason He gives you bread for two days on the sixth day. Remain, everyone, in his place; no one is to leave his place on the seventh day.” ³⁰ So the people rested on the seventh day.

³¹ And the house of ^(UT)Israel named the bread ^[mb]manna, and it was like ^(UU)coriander seed, white, and its taste was like wafers with honey. ³² Then Moses said, “This is ^[mc]what the Lord has commanded: ‘A ^[md]full omer of it is to be kept safe throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread that I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’” ³³ And Moses said to Aaron, “^(UV)Take a jar and put a ^[me]full omer of manna in it, and place it before the Lord to be kept safe throughout your generations.” ³⁴ As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before ^(UW)the Testimony, to be kept. ³⁵ And ^(UX)the sons of Israel ate the manna for forty years, until they came to an inhabited land; they ate the manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan. ³⁶ (Now ^(UY)an ^[mf]omer is a tenth of an ephah.)

Water in the Rock

17 Then all the congregation of the sons of Israel journeyed by ^[mg]stages from the wilderness of ^(UZ)Sin, according to the ^[mh]command of the Lord, and camped at ^(VA)Rephidim, and there was no water for the people to drink. ² So the people ^(VB)quarreled with Moses and said, “Give us water so that we may drink!” And Moses said to them, “^(VC)Why do you quarrel with me? ^(VD)Why do you test the Lord?” ³ But the people were thirsty for water there; and ^[mi]they ^(VE)grumbled against Moses and said, “Why is it that you have you brought us up from Egypt, to kill ^[mj]us and ^[mk]our children and ^[ml](VF)our livestock with thirst?” ⁴ So Moses cried out to the Lord, saying, “What am I to do with this people? A ^(VG)little more and they will stone me!” ⁵ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pass before the people and take with you some of ^(VH)the elders of Israel; and take in your hand your staff with which ^(VI)you struck the Nile, and go. ⁶ Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at ^(VJ)Horeb; and ^(VK)you shall strike the rock, and water will come out of it, so that the people may drink.” And Moses did so in the sight of the elders of Israel. ⁷ Then he named the place ^[mm](VL)Massah and ^[mn](VM)Meribah because of the quarrel of the sons of Israel, and because they ^(VN)tested the Lord, saying, “Is the Lord among us, or not?”

Miraculous Battle against Amalek

⁸ Then ^(VO)Amalek came and fought against Israel at ^(VP)Rephidim. ⁹ So Moses said to ^(VQ)Joshua, “Choose men for us and go out, fight against Amalek. Tomorrow I will station myself on the top of the hill with ^(VR)the staff of God in my hand.” ¹⁰ Joshua did just as Moses ^[mo]told him, ^[mp]and fought against Amalek; and Moses, Aaron, and ^(VS)Hur went up to the top of the hill. ¹¹ So it came about, when Moses held his hand up, that Israel prevailed; but when he let his hand ^[mq]down, Amalek prevailed. ¹² And Moses’ hands were heavy. So they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it; and Aaron and Hur ^(VT)supported his hands, one on one side and one on the other. So his hands were steady until the sun set. ¹³ And Joshua ^[mr]defeated Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword.

¹⁴ Then the Lord said to Moses, “^(VU)Write this in ^[ms]a book as a memorial and ^[mt]recite it to Joshua, ^[mu]that ^(VV)I will utterly wipe out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.” ¹⁵ And Moses built an ^(VW)altar and named it ^(VX)The Lord is My Banner; ¹⁶ and he said, “^[mv](VY)Because the Lord has sworn, the Lord will have war against Amalek from generation to generation.”

Jethro, Moses’ Father-in-law

18 Now ^(VZ)Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard about everything that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people, how the Lord had brought Israel out of Egypt. ² And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took in Moses’ wife ^(WA)Zipporah, after he had sent her away, ³ and her ^(WB)two sons, ^[mw]one of whom was named Gershom, for Moses said, “I have been ^(WC)a stranger in a foreign land.” ⁴ And ^[mx]the other was named ^[my](WD)Eliezer, for he said, “^(WE)The God of my father was my help, and saved me from the sword of Pharaoh.”

⁵ Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife to Moses ^[mz]in the wilderness where he was camped, at ^(WF)the mountain of God. ⁶ And he ^[na]sent word to Moses: “I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you with your wife and her two sons with her.” ⁷ Then Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and ^(WG)he bowed down and ^(WH)kissed him; and they ^(WI)asked each other about their welfare, and went into the tent. ⁸ Moses told his father-in-law everything that the Lord had done to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians ^(WJ)for Israel’s sake, all the ^(WK)hardship that had confronted them on the journey, and how ^(WL)the Lord had rescued them. ⁹ And Jethro rejoiced over all ^(WM)the goodness which the Lord had done for Israel, ^[nb]in rescuing ^[nc]them from the hand of the Egyptians. ¹⁰ So Jethro said, “^(WN)Blessed be the Lord who rescued you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of Pharaoh, and who rescued the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. ¹¹ Now I know that ^(WO)the Lord is greater than all the gods; indeed, ^[nd](WP)it was proven when they acted insolently against ^[ne]the people.” ^12 (WQ)Then Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took a burnt offering and sacrifices for God, and Aaron came with all the elders of Israel to eat ^[nf]a meal with Moses’ father-in-law before God.

Jethro Counsels Moses

¹³ And it came about the next day, that Moses sat to judge the people, and the people stood before Moses from the morning until the evening. ¹⁴ Now when Moses’ father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people, he said, “What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you alone sit as judge and all the people stand before you from morning until evening?” ¹⁵ Moses said to his father-in-law, “Because the people come to me ^(WR)to inquire of God. ¹⁶ When they have a ^[ng](WS)dispute, it comes to me, and I judge between someone and his neighbor and make known the statutes of God and His laws.” ¹⁷ Moses’ father-in-law then said to him, “The thing that you are doing is not good. ^18 (WT)You will surely wear out, both yourself and ^[nh]these people who are with you, because the ^[ni]task is too heavy for you; ^(WU)you cannot do it alone. ¹⁹ Now listen to ^[nj]me: I will give you counsel, and God be with you. ^[nk]You be the people’s representative before God, and you ^(WV)bring the ^[nl]disputes to God, ^20 (WW)then admonish them about the statutes and the laws, and make known to them ^(WX)the way in which they are to walk and the work they are to do. ²¹ Furthermore, you shall ^[nm]select out of all the people ^(WY)able men ^(WZ)who fear God, men of truth, those who ^(XA)hate dishonest gain; and you shall place these over them as leaders of thousands, ^[nn]of hundreds, ^[no]of fifties, and ^[np]of tens. ²² Let them judge the people at all times; and let it be ^(XB)that they will bring to you every major matter, but they will judge every minor matter themselves. So it will be easier for you, and ^(XC)they will carry the burden with you. ²³ If you do this thing and God so commands you, then you will be able to ^[nq]endure, and all ^[nr]these people also will go to ^[ns]their places in peace.”

²⁴ So Moses listened ^[nt]to his father-in-law and did everything that he had said. ²⁵ Moses chose ^(XD)able men out of all Israel and made them heads over the people, leaders of thousands, ^[nu]of hundreds, ^[nv]of fifties, and ^[nw]of tens. ²⁶ Then they judged the people at all times; ^(XE)they would bring the difficult matter to Moses, but they would judge every minor matter themselves. ²⁷ Then Moses ^[nx](XF)said goodbye to his father-in-law, and ^[ny]Jethro went his way to his own land.

Moses on Sinai

19 ^(XG)In the third month after the sons of Israel had gone out of the land of Egypt, ^[nz]on that very day they came into the wilderness of ^(XH)Sinai. ² When they set out from ^(XI)Rephidim, they came to the wilderness of Sinai and camped in the wilderness; and there Israel camped in front of ^(XJ)the mountain. ³ And Moses went up to God, and ^(XK)the Lord called to him from the mountain, saying, “This is what you shall say to the house of Jacob and tell the sons of Israel: ⁴ ‘^(XL)You yourselves have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I carried you on ^(XM)eagles’ wings, and brought you to Myself. ⁵ Now then, ^(XN)if you will indeed obey My voice and ^(XO)keep My covenant, then you shall be ^(XP)My ^[oa]own possession among all the peoples, for ^(XQ)all the earth is Mine; ⁶ and you shall be to Me ^(XR)a kingdom of priests and ^(XS)a holy nation.’ These are the words that you shall speak to the sons of Israel.”