1:4 The regular worship life of ancient Israel is pictured here.

roads to Zion. People who lived at a distance would travel these roads in pilgrimage to the temple (Ps. 84:5).

festival. The main yearly gatherings for worship were Unleavened Bread, Pentecost, and Booths (Ex. 23:14–17; Lev. 23:4–44). Jerusalem would be crowded, and priests presided over the vibrant celebrations.

virgins have been afflicted. This is a sign of defeat; contrast Jer. 31:13.