1:13 by wisdom. The endeavors of this world performed under the curse of God (Gen. 3:16–19) are futile and frustrating.

unhappy business. Human existence includes divinely imposed burdens (Gen. 3:16–19; Rom. 8:22, 23). Jesus makes them bearable (Matt. 11:28–30).

God. God’s personal covenant name “Yahweh” (conventionally translated Lord, with small capitals) is not used in this book.