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4:1 Abner had died. The death of Abner affected Ish-bosheth and “all Israel” the same way, but for different reasons. Ish-bosheth’s “courage failed” because he knew that Abner’s death meant the loss of the backbone of his government. Israel, on the other hand, “was dismayed” by what may have appeared as a rejection of their friendly overture to David (3:17–21).