13 Let every soul to the higher authorities be subject, for there is no authority except from God, and the authorities existing are appointed by God,

² so that he who is setting himself against the authority, against God's ordinance hath resisted; and those resisting, to themselves shall receive judgment.

³ For those ruling are not a terror to the good works, but to the evil; and dost thou wish not to be afraid of the authority? that which is good be doing, and thou shalt have praise from it,

⁴ for of God it is a ministrant to thee for good; and if that which is evil thou mayest do, be fearing, for not in vain doth it bear the sword; for of God it is a ministrant, an avenger for wrath to him who is doing that which is evil.

⁵ Wherefore it is necessary to be subject, not only because of the wrath, but also because of the conscience,

⁶ for because of this also pay ye tribute; for servants of God they are, on this very thing attending continually;

⁷ render, therefore, to all [their] dues; to whom tribute, the tribute; to whom custom, the custom; to whom fear, the fear; to whom honour, the honour.

⁸ To no one owe anything, except to love one another; for he who is loving the other -- law he hath fulfilled,

⁹ for, `Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt do no murder, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false testimony, Thou shalt not covet;' and if there is any other command, in this word it is summed up, in this: `Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself;'

¹⁰ the love to the neighbor doth work no ill; the love, therefore, [is] the fulness of law.

¹¹ And this, knowing the time, that for us, the hour already [is] to be aroused out of sleep, for now nearer [is] our salvation than when we did believe;

¹² the night did advance, and the day came nigh; let us lay aside, therefore, the works of the darkness, and let us put on the armour of the light;

¹³ as in day-time, let us walk becomingly; not in revellings and drunkennesses, not in chamberings and lasciviousnesses, not in strife and emulation;

¹⁴ but put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and for the flesh take no forethought -- for desires.

1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, having been separated to the good news of God --

² which He announced before through His prophets in holy writings --

³ concerning His Son, (who is come of the seed of David according to the flesh,

⁴ who is marked out Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the rising again from the dead,) Jesus Christ our Lord;

⁵ through whom we did receive grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, in behalf of his name;

⁶ among whom are also ye, the called of Jesus Christ;

⁷ to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called saints; Grace to you, and peace, from God our Father, and [from] the Lord Jesus Christ!

⁸ first, indeed, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed in the whole world;

⁹ for God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the good news of His Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you,

¹⁰ always in my prayers beseeching, if by any means now at length I shall have a prosperous journey, by the will of God, to come unto you,

¹¹ for I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, that ye may be established;

¹² and that is, that I may be comforted together among you, through the faith in one another, both yours and mine.

¹³ And I do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, that many times I did purpose to come unto you -- and was hindered till the present time -- that some fruit I might have also among you, even as also among the other nations.

¹⁴ Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,

¹⁵ so, as much as in me is, I am ready also to you who [are] in Rome to proclaim good news,

¹⁶ for I am not ashamed of the good news of the Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation to every one who is believing, both to Jew first, and to Greek.

¹⁷ For the righteousness of God in it is revealed from faith to faith, according as it hath been written, `And the righteous one by faith shall live,'

¹⁸ for revealed is the wrath of God from heaven upon all impiety and unrighteousness of men, holding down the truth in unrighteousness.

¹⁹ Because that which is known of God is manifest among them, for God did manifest [it] to them,

²⁰ for the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world, by the things made being understood, are plainly seen, both His eternal power and Godhead -- to their being inexcusable;

²¹ because, having known God they did not glorify [Him] as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened,

²² professing to be wise, they were made fools,

²³ and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of fowls, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.

²⁴ Wherefore also God did give them up, in the desires of their hearts, to uncleanness, to dishonour their bodies among themselves;

²⁵ who did change the truth of God into a falsehood, and did honour and serve the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed to the ages. Amen.

²⁶ Because of this did God give them up to dishonourable affections, for even their females did change the natural use into that against nature;

²⁷ and in like manner also the males having left the natural use of the female, did burn in their longing toward one another; males with males working shame, and the recompense of their error that was fit, in themselves receiving.

²⁸ And, according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly;

²⁹ having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers,

³⁰ evil-speakers, God-haters, insulting, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,

³¹ unintelligent, faithless, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful;

³² who the righteous judgment of God having known -- that those practising such things are worthy of death -- not only do them, but also have delight with those practising them.

2 Therefore, thou art inexcusable, O man -- every one who is judging -- for in that in which thou dost judge the other, thyself thou dost condemn, for the same things thou dost practise who art judging,

² and we have known that the judgment of God is according to truth, upon those practising such things.

³ And dost thou think this, O man, who art judging those who such things are practising, and art doing them, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God?

⁴ or the riches of His goodness, and forbearance, and long-suffering, dost thou despise? -- not knowing that the goodness of God doth lead thee to reformation!

⁵ but, according to thy hardness and impenitent heart, thou dost treasure up to thyself wrath, in a day of wrath and of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God,

⁶ who shall render to each according to his works;

⁷ to those, indeed, who in continuance of a good work, do seek glory, and honour, and incorruptibility -- life age-during;

⁸ and to those contentious, and disobedient, indeed, to the truth, and obeying the unrighteousness -- indignation and wrath,

⁹ tribulation and distress, upon every soul of man that is working the evil, both of Jew first, and of Greek;

¹⁰ and glory, and honour, and peace, to every one who is working the good, both to Jew first, and to Greek.

¹¹ For there is no acceptance of faces with God,

¹² for as many as without law did sin, without law also shall perish, and as many as did sin in law, through law shall be judged,

¹³ for not the hearers of the law [are] righteous before God, but the doers of the law shall be declared righteous: --

¹⁴ For, when nations that have not a law, by nature may do the things of the law, these not having a law -- to themselves are a law;

¹⁵ who do shew the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also witnessing with them, and between one another the thoughts accusing or else defending,

¹⁶ in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men, according to my good news, through Jesus Christ.

¹⁷ Lo, thou art named a Jew, and dost rest upon the law, and dost boast in God,

¹⁸ and dost know the will, and dost approve the distinctions, being instructed out of the law,

¹⁹ and hast confidence that thou thyself art a leader of blind ones, a light of those in darkness,

²⁰ an instructor of foolish ones, a teacher of babes, having the form of the knowledge and of the truth in the law.

²¹ Thou, then, who art teaching another, thyself dost thou not teach?

²² thou who art preaching not to steal, dost thou steal? thou who art saying not to commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou who art abhorring the idols, dost thou rob temples?

²³ thou who in the law dost boast, through the transgression of the law God dost thou dishonour?

²⁴ for the name of God because of you is evil spoken of among the nations, according as it hath been written.

²⁵ For circumcision, indeed, doth profit, if law thou mayest practise, but if a transgressor of law thou mayest be, thy circumcision hath become uncircumcision.

²⁶ If, therefore the uncircumcision the righteousness of the law may keep, shall not his uncircumcision for circumcision be reckoned?

²⁷ and the uncircumcision, by nature, fulfilling the law, shall judge thee who, through letter and circumcision, [art] a transgressor of law.

²⁸ For he is not a Jew who is [so] outwardly, neither [is] circumcision that which is outward in flesh;

²⁹ but a Jew [is] he who is [so] inwardly, and circumcision [is] of the heart, in spirit, not in letter, of which the praise is not of men, but of God.

3 What, then, [is] the superiority of the Jew? or what the profit of the circumcision?

² much in every way; for first, indeed, that they were intrusted with the oracles of God;

³ for what, if certain were faithless? shall their faithlessness the faithfulness of god make useless?

⁴ let it not be! and let God become true, and every man false, according as it hath been written, `That Thou mayest be declared righteous in Thy words, and mayest overcome in Thy being judged.'

⁵ And, if our unrighteousness God's righteousness doth establish, what shall we say? is God unrighteous who is inflicting the wrath? (after the manner of a man I speak)

⁶ let it not be! since how shall God judge the world?

⁷ for if the truth of God in my falsehood did more abound to His glory, why yet am I also as a sinner judged?

⁸ and not, as we are evil spoken of, and as certain affirm us to say -- `We may do the evil things, that the good ones may come?' whose judgment is righteous.

⁹ What, then? are we better? not at all! for we did before charge both Jews and Greeks with being all under sin,

¹⁰ according as it hath been written -- `There is none righteous, not even one;

¹¹ There is none who is understanding, there is none who is seeking after God.

¹² All did go out of the way, together they became unprofitable, there is none doing good, there is not even one.

¹³ A sepulchre opened [is] their throat; with their tongues they used deceit; poison of asps [is] under their lips.

¹⁴ Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness.

¹⁵ Swift [are] their feet to shed blood.

¹⁶ Ruin and misery [are] in their ways.

¹⁷ And a way of peace they did not know.

¹⁸ There is no fear of God before their eyes.'

¹⁹ And we have known that as many things as the law saith, to those in the law it doth speak, that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may come under judgment to God;

²⁰ wherefore by works of law shall no flesh be declared righteous before Him, for through law is a knowledge of sin.

²¹ And now apart from law hath the righteousness of God been manifested, testified to by the law and the prophets,

²² and the righteousness of God [is] through the faith of Jesus Christ to all, and upon all those believing, -- for there is no difference,

²³ for all did sin, and are come short of the glory of God --

²⁴ being declared righteous freely by His grace through the redemption that [is] in Christ Jesus,

²⁵ whom God did set forth a mercy seat, through the faith in his blood, for the shewing forth of His righteousness, because of the passing over of the bygone sins in the forbearance of God --

²⁶ for the shewing forth of His righteousness in the present time, for His being righteous, and declaring him righteous who [is] of the faith of Jesus.

²⁷ Where then [is] the boasting? it was excluded; by what law? of works? no, but by a law of faith:

²⁸ therefore do we reckon a man to be declared righteous by faith, apart from works of law.

²⁹ The God of Jews only [is He], and not also of nations?

³⁰ yes, also of nations; since one [is] God who shall declare righteous the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through the faith.

³¹ Law then do we make useless through the faith? let it not be! yea, we do establish law.

4 What, then, shall we say Abraham our father, to have found, according to flesh?

² for if Abraham by works was declared righteous, he hath to boast -- but not before god;

³ for what doth the writing say? `And Abraham did believe God, and it was reckoned to him -- to righteousness;'

⁴ and to him who is working, the reward is not reckoned of grace, but of debt;

⁵ and to him who is not working, and is believing upon Him who is declaring righteous the impious, his faith is reckoned -- to righteousness:

⁶ even as David also doth speak of the happiness of the man to whom God doth reckon righteousness apart from works:

⁷ `Happy they whose lawless acts were forgiven, and whose sins were covered;

⁸ happy the man to whom the Lord may not reckon sin.'

⁹ [Is] this happiness, then, upon the circumcision, or also upon the uncircumcision -- for we say that the faith was reckoned to Abraham -- to righteousness?

¹⁰ how then was it reckoned? he being in circumcision, or in uncircumcision? not in circumcision, but in uncircumcision;

¹¹ and a sign he did receive of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith in the uncircumcision, for his being father of all those believing through uncircumcision, for the righteousness also being reckoned to them,

¹² and father of circumcision to those not of circumcision only, but who also walk in the steps of the faith, that [is] in the uncircumcision of our father Abraham.

¹³ For not through law [is] the promise to Abraham, or to his seed, of his being heir of the world, but through the righteousness of faith;

¹⁴ for if they who are of law [are] heirs, the faith hath been made void, and the promise hath been made useless;

¹⁵ for the law doth work wrath; for where law is not, neither [is] transgression.

¹⁶ Because of this [it is] of faith, that [it may be] according to grace, for the promise being sure to all the seed, not to that which [is] of the law only, but also to that which [is] of the faith of Abraham,

¹⁷ who is father of us all (according as it hath been written -- `A father of many nations I have set thee,') before Him whom he did believe -- God, who is quickening the dead, and is calling the things that be not as being.

¹⁸ Who, against hope in hope did believe, for his becoming father of many nations according to that spoken: `So shall thy seed be;'

¹⁹ and not having been weak in the faith, he did not consider his own body, already become dead, (being about a hundred years old,) and the deadness of Sarah's womb,

²⁰ and at the promise of God did not stagger in unbelief, but was strengthened in faith, having given glory to God,

²¹ and having been fully persuaded that what He hath promised He is able also to do:

²² wherefore also it was reckoned to him to righteousness.

²³ And it was not written on his account alone, that it was reckoned to him,

²⁴ but also on ours, to whom it is about to be reckoned -- to us believing on Him who did raise up Jesus our Lord out of the dead,

²⁵ who was delivered up because of our offences, and was raised up because of our being declared righteous.

5 Having been declared righteous, then, by faith, we have peace toward God through our Lord Jesus Christ,

² through whom also we have the access by the faith into this grace in which we have stood, and we boast on the hope of the glory of God.

³ And not only [so], but we also boast in the tribulations, knowing that the tribulation doth work endurance;

⁴ and the endurance, experience; and the experience, hope;

⁵ and the hope doth not make ashamed, because the love of God hath been poured forth in our hearts through the Holy Spirit that hath been given to us.

⁶ For in our being still ailing, Christ in due time did die for the impious;

⁷ for scarcely for a righteous man will any one die, for for the good man perhaps some one also doth dare to die;

⁸ and God doth commend His own love to us, that, in our being still sinners, Christ did die for us;

⁹ much more, then, having been declared righteous now in his blood, we shall be saved through him from the wrath;

¹⁰ for if, being enemies, we have been reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved in his life.

¹¹ And not only [so], but we are also boasting in God, through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom now we did receive the reconciliation;

¹² because of this, even as through one man the sin did enter into the world, and through the sin the death; and thus to all men the death did pass through, for that all did sin;

¹³ for till law sin was in the world: and sin is not reckoned when there is not law;

¹⁴ but the death did reign from Adam till Moses, even upon those not having sinned in the likeness of Adam's transgression, who is a type of him who is coming.

¹⁵ But, not as the offence so also [is] the free gift; for if by the offence of the one the many did die, much more did the grace of God, and the free gift in grace of the one man Jesus Christ, abound to the many;

¹⁶ and not as through one who did sin [is] the free gift, for the judgment indeed [is] of one to condemnation, but the gift [is] of many offences to a declaration of `Righteous,'

¹⁷ for if by the offence of the one the death did reign through the one, much more those, who the abundance of the grace and of the free gift of the righteousness are receiving, in life shall reign through the one -- Jesus Christ.

¹⁸ So, then, as through one offence to all men [it is] to condemnation, so also through one declaration of `Righteous' [it is] to all men to justification of life;

¹⁹ for as through the disobedience of the one man, the many were constituted sinners: so also through the obedience of the one, shall the many be constituted righteous.

²⁰ And law came in, that the offence might abound, and where the sin did abound, the grace did overabound,

²¹ that even as the sin did reign in the death, so also the grace may reign, through righteousness, to life age-during, through Jesus Christ our Lord.

6 What, then, shall we say? shall we continue in the sin that the grace may abound?

² let it not be! we who died to the sin -- how shall we still live in it?

³ are ye ignorant that we, as many as were baptized to Christ Jesus, to his death were baptized?

⁴ we were buried together, then, with him through the baptism to the death, that even as Christ was raised up out of the dead through the glory of the Father, so also we in newness of life might walk.

⁵ For, if we have become planted together to the likeness of his death, [so] also we shall be of the rising again;

⁶ this knowing, that our old man was crucified with [him], that the body of the sin may be made useless, for our no longer serving the sin;

⁷ for he who hath died hath been set free from the sin.

⁸ And if we died with Christ, we believe that we also shall live with him,

⁹ knowing that Christ, having been raised up out of the dead, doth no more die, death over him hath no more lordship;

¹⁰ for in that he died, to the sin he died once, and in that he liveth, he liveth to God;

¹¹ so also ye, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to the sin, and living to God in Jesus Christ our Lord.

¹² Let not then the sin reign in your mortal body, to obey it in its desires;

¹³ neither present ye your members instruments of unrighteousness to the sin, but present yourselves to God as living out of the dead, and your members instruments of righteousness to God;

¹⁴ for sin over you shall not have lordship, for ye are not under law, but under grace.

¹⁵ What then? shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? let it not be!

¹⁶ have ye not known that to whom ye present yourselves servants for obedience, servants ye are to him to whom ye obey, whether of sin to death, or of obedience to righteousness?

¹⁷ and thanks to God, that ye were servants of the sin, and -- were obedient from the heart to the form of teaching to which ye were delivered up;

¹⁸ and having been freed from the sin, ye became servants to the righteousness.

¹⁹ In the manner of men I speak, because of the weakness of your flesh, for even as ye did present your members servants to the uncleanness and to the lawlessness -- to the lawlessness, so now present your members servants to the righteousness -- to sanctification,

²⁰ for when ye were servants of the sin, ye were free from the righteousness,

²¹ what fruit, therefore, were ye having then, in the things of which ye are now ashamed? for the end of those [is] death.

²² And now, having been freed from the sin, and having become servants to God, ye have your fruit -- to sanctification, and the end life age-during;

²³ for the wages of the sin [is] death, and the gift of God [is] life age-during in Christ Jesus our Lord.

7 Are ye ignorant, brethren -- for to those knowing law I speak -- that the law hath lordship over the man as long as he liveth?

² for the married woman to the living husband hath been bound by law, and if the husband may die, she hath been free from the law of the husband;

³ so, then, the husband being alive, an adulteress she shall be called if she may become another man's; and if the husband may die, she is free from the law, so as not to be an adulteress, having become another man's.

⁴ So that, my brethren, ye also were made dead to the law through the body of the Christ, for your becoming another's, who out of the dead was raised up, that we might bear fruit to God;

⁵ for when we were in the flesh, the passions of the sins, that [are] through the law, were working in our members, to bear fruit to the death;

⁶ and now we have ceased from the law, that being dead in which we were held, so that we may serve in newness of spirit, and not in oldness of letter.

⁷ What, then, shall we say? the law [is] sin? let it not be! but the sin I did not know except through law, for also the covetousness I had not known if the law had not said:

⁸ `Thou shalt not covet;' and the sin having received an opportunity, through the command, did work in me all covetousness -- for apart from law sin is dead.

⁹ And I was alive apart from law once, and the command having come, the sin revived, and I died;

¹⁰ and the command that [is] for life, this was found by me for death;

¹¹ for the sin, having received an opportunity, through the command, did deceive me, and through it did slay [me];

¹² so that the law, indeed, [is] holy, and the command holy, and righteous, and good.

¹³ That which is good then, to me hath it become death? let it not be! but the sin, that it might appear sin, through the good, working death to me, that the sin might become exceeding sinful through the command,

¹⁴ for we have known that the law is spiritual, and I am fleshly, sold by the sin;

¹⁵ for that which I work, I do not acknowledge; for not what I will, this I practise, but what I hate, this I do.

¹⁶ And if what I do not will, this I do, I consent to the law that [it is] good,

¹⁷ and now it is no longer I that work it, but the sin dwelling in me,

¹⁸ for I have known that there doth not dwell in me, that is, in my flesh, good: for to will is present with me, and to work that which is right I do not find,

¹⁹ for the good that I will, I do not; but the evil that I do not will, this I practise.

²⁰ And if what I do not will, this I do, it is no longer I that work it, but the sin that is dwelling in me.

²¹ I find, then, the law, that when I desire to do what is right, with me the evil is present,

²² for I delight in the law of God according to the inward man,

²³ and I behold another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of the sin that [is] in my members.

²⁴ A wretched man I [am]! who shall deliver me out of the body of this death?

²⁵ I thank God -- through Jesus Christ our Lord; so then, I myself indeed with the mind do serve the law of God, and with the flesh, the law of sin.