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31 And as they were seeking to kill him, a representation came to the chiliarch of the band that the whole of Jerusalem was in a tumult;

32 who, taking with him immediately soldiers and centurions, ran down upon them. But they, seeing the chiliarch and the soldiers, ceased beating Paul.

33 Then the chiliarch came up and laid hold upon him, and commanded [him] to be bound with two chains, and inquired who he might be, and what he had done.

34 And different persons cried some different thing in the crowd. But he, not being able to know the certainty on account of the uproar, commanded him to be brought into the fortress.

35 But when he got upon the stairs it was so that he was borne by the soldiers on account of the violence of the crowd.

36 For the multitude of the people followed, crying, Away with him.

37 But as he was about to be led into the fortress, Paul says to the chiliarch, Is it allowed me to say something to thee? And he said, Dost thou know Greek?

38 Thou art not then that Egyptian who before these days raised a sedition and led out into the wilderness the four thousand men of the assassins?

39 But Paul said, *I* am a Jew of Tarsus, citizen of no insignificant city of Cilicia, and I beseech of thee, allow me to speak to the people.

40 And when he had allowed him, Paul, standing on the stairs, beckoned with his hand to the people; and a great silence having been made, he addressed them in the Hebrew tongue, saying,

22 Brethren and fathers, hear my defence which I now make to you.

And hearing that he addressed them in the Hebrew tongue, they kept the more quiet; and he says,

*I* am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city, at the feet of Gamaliel, educated according to [the] exactness of the law of [our] fathers, being zealous for God, as *ye* are all this day;

who have persecuted this way unto death, binding and delivering up to prisons both men and women;

as also the high priest bears me witness, and all the elderhood: from whom also, having received letters to the brethren, I went to Damascus to bring those also who were there, bound, to Jerusalem, to be punished.

And it came to pass, as I was journeying and drawing near to Damascus, that, about mid-day, there suddenly shone out of heaven a great light round about me.

And I fell to the ground, and heard a voice saying to me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

And *I* answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said to me, *I* am Jesus the Nazaraean, whom *thou* persecutest.

But they that were with me beheld the light, [and were filled with fear], but heard not the voice of him that was speaking to me.

10 And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said to me, Rise up, and go to Damascus, and there it shall be told thee of all things which it is appointed thee to do.

11 And as I could not see, through the glory of that light, being led by the hand of those who were with me, I came to Damascus.

12 And a certain Ananias, a pious man according to the law, borne witness to by all the Jews who dwelt [there],

13 coming to me and standing by me, said to me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And *I*, in the same hour, received my sight and saw him.

14 And he said, The God of our fathers has chosen thee beforehand to know his will, and to see the just one, and to hear a voice out of his mouth;

15 for thou shalt be a witness for him to all men of what thou hast seen and heard.

16 And now why lingerest thou? Arise and get baptised, and have thy sins washed away, calling on his name.

17 And it came to pass when I had returned to Jerusalem, and as I was praying in the temple, that I became in ecstasy,

18 and saw him saying to me, Make haste and go quickly out of Jerusalem, for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me.

19 And *I* said, Lord, they themselves know that *I* was imprisoning and beating in every synagogue those that believe on thee;

20 and when the blood of thy witness Stephen was shed, I also myself was standing by and consenting, and kept the clothes of them who killed him.

21 And he said to me, Go, for *I* will send thee to the nations afar off.

22 And they heard him until this word, and lifted up their voice, saying, Away with such a one as that from the earth, for it was not fit he should live.

23 And as they were crying, and throwing away their clothes, and casting dust into the air,

24 the chiliarch commanded him to be brought into the fortress, saying that he should be examined by scourging, that he might ascertain for what cause they cried thus against him.

25 But as they stretched him forward with the thongs, Paul said to the centurion who stood [by], Is it lawful for you to scourge a man [who is] a Roman and uncondemned?

26 And the centurion, having heard it, went and reported it to the chiliarch, saying, What art thou going to do? for this man is a Roman.

27 And the chiliarch coming up said to him, Tell me, Art *thou* a Roman? And he said, Yes.

28 And the chiliarch answered, *I*, for a great sum, bought this citizenship. And Paul said, But *I* was also [free] born.

29 Immediately therefore those who were going to examine him left him, and the chiliarch also was afraid when he ascertained that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

30 And on the morrow, desirous to know the certainty [of the matter] why he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him, and commanded the chief priests and all the council to meet, and having brought Paul down set him before them.

23 And Paul, fixing his eyes on the council, said, Brethren, I have walked in all good conscience with God unto this day.

But the high priest Ananias ordered those standing by him to smite his mouth.

Then Paul said to him, God will smite thee, whited wall. And *thou*, dost thou sit judging me according to the law, and breaking the law commandest me to be smitten?

And those that stood by said, Dost thou rail against the high priest of God?

And Paul said, I was not conscious, brethren, that he was high priest; for it is written, Thou shalt not speak evilly of the ruler of thy people.

But Paul, knowing that the one part [of them] were of the Sadducees and the other of the Pharisees, cried out in the council, Brethren, *I* am a Pharisee, son of Pharisees: *I* am judged concerning the hope and resurrection of [the] dead.

And when he had spoken this, there was a tumult of the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the multitude was divided.

For Sadducees say there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit; but Pharisees confess both of them.

And there was a great clamour, and the scribes of the Pharisees' part rising up contended, saying, We find nothing evil in this man; and if a spirit has spoken to him, or an angel …

10 And a great tumult having arisen, the chiliarch, fearing lest Paul should have been torn in pieces by them, commanded the troop to come down and take him by force from the midst of them, and to bring [him] into the fortress.

11 But the following night the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good courage; for as thou hast testified the things concerning me at Jerusalem, so thou must bear witness at Rome also.

12 And when it was day, the Jews, having banded together, put themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till they should kill Paul.

13 And they were more than forty who had joined together in this oath;

14 and they went to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have cursed ourselves with a curse to taste nothing until we kill Paul.

15 Now therefore do ye with the council make a representation to the chiliarch so that he may bring him down to you, as about to determine more precisely what concerns him, and we, before he draws near, are ready to kill him.

16 But Paul's sister's son, having heard of the lying in wait, came and entered into the fortress and reported [it] to Paul.

17 And Paul, having called one of the centurions, said, Take this youth to the chiliarch, for he has something to report to him.

18 He therefore, having taken him with [him], led him to the chiliarch, and says, The prisoner Paul called me to [him] and asked me to lead this youth to thee, who has something to say to thee.

19 And the chiliarch having taken him by the hand, and having gone apart in private, inquired, What is it that thou hast to report to me?

20 And he said, The Jews have agreed together to make a request to thee, that thou mayest bring Paul down to-morrow into the council, as about to inquire something more precise concerning him.

21 Do not thou then be persuaded by them, for there lie in wait for him of them more than forty men, who have put themselves under a curse neither to eat nor drink till they kill him; and now they are ready waiting the promise from thee.

22 The chiliarch then dismissed the youth, commanding [him], Utter to no one that thou hast represented these things to me.

23 And having called to [him] certain two of the centurions, he said, Prepare two hundred soldiers that they may go as far as Caesarea, and seventy horsemen, and two hundred light-armed footmen, for the third hour of the night.

24 And [he ordered them] to provide beasts, that they might set Paul on them and carry [him] safe through to Felix the governor,

25 having written a letter, couched in this form:

26 Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix, greeting.

27 This man, having been taken by the Jews, and being about to be killed by them, I came up with the military and took out [of their hands], having learned that he was a Roman.

28 And desiring to know the charge on which they accused him, I brought him down to their council;

29 whom I found to be accused of questions of their law, but to have no charge laid against him [making him] worthy of death or of bonds.

30 But having received information of a plot about to be put in execution against the man [by the Jews], I have immediately sent him to thee, commanding also his accusers to say before thee the things that are against him. [Farewell.]

31 The soldiers therefore, according to what was ordered them, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris,

32 and on the morrow, having left the horsemen to go with him, returned to the fortress.

33 And these, having entered into Caesarea, and given up the letter to the governor, presented Paul also to him.

34 And having read [it], and asked of what eparchy he was, and learned that [he was] of Cilicia,

35 he said, I will hear thee fully when thine accusers also are arrived. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod's praetorium.

24 And after five days came down the high priest Ananias, with the elders, and a certain orator called Tertullus, and laid their informations against Paul before the governor.

And he having been called, Tertullus began to accuse, saying, Seeing we enjoy great peace through thee, and that excellent measures are executed for this nation by thy forethought,

we receive [it] always and everywhere, most excellent Felix, with all thankfulness.

But that I may not too much intrude on thy time, I beseech thee to hear us briefly in thy kindness.

For finding this man a pest, and moving sedition among all the Jews throughout the world, and a leader of the sect of the Nazaraeans;

who also attempted to profane the temple; whom we also had seized, [and would have judged according to our law;

but Lysias, the chiliarch, coming up, took [him] away with great force out of our hands,

having commanded his accusers to come to thee;] of whom thou canst thyself, in examining [him], know the certainty of all these things of which we accuse him.

And the Jews also joined in pressing the matter against [Paul], saying that these things were so.

10 But Paul, the governor having beckoned to him to speak, answered, Knowing that for many years thou hast been judge to this nation, I answer readily as to the things which concern myself.

11 As thou mayest know that there are not more than twelve days since I went up to worship at Jerusalem,

12 and neither in the temple did they find me discoursing to any one, or making any tumultuous gathering together of the crowd, nor in the synagogues, nor in the city;

13 neither can they make good the things of which they now accuse me.

14 But this I avow to thee, that in the way which they call sect, so I serve my fathers' God, believing all things which are written throughout the law, and in the prophets;

15 having hope towards God, which they themselves also receive, that there is to be a resurrection both of just and unjust.

16 For this cause I also exercise [myself] to have in everything a conscience without offence towards God and men.

17 And after a lapse of many years I arrived, bringing alms to my nation, and offerings.

18 Whereupon they found me purified in the temple, with neither crowd nor tumult. But it was certain Jews from Asia,

19 who ought to appear before thee and accuse, if they have anything against me;

20 or let these themselves say what wrong they found in me when I stood before the council,

21 [other] than concerning this one voice which I cried standing amongst them: I am judged this day by you touching [the] resurrection of [the] dead.

22 And Felix, knowing accurately the things concerning the way, adjourned them, saying, When Lysias the chiliarch is come down I will determine your affair;

31 While they were trying to kill him, news reached the commander of the Roman troops that the whole city of Jerusalem was in an uproar. 32 He at once took some officers and soldiers and ran down to the crowd. When the rioters saw the commander and his soldiers, they stopped beating Paul.(A)

33 The commander came up and arrested him and ordered him to be bound(B) with two(C) chains.(D) Then he asked who he was and what he had done. 34 Some in the crowd shouted one thing and some another,(E) and since the commander could not get at the truth because of the uproar, he ordered that Paul be taken into the barracks.(F) 35 When Paul reached the steps,(G) the violence of the mob was so great he had to be carried by the soldiers. 36 The crowd that followed kept shouting, “Get rid of him!”(H)

Paul Speaks to the Crowd(I)

37 As the soldiers were about to take Paul into the barracks,(J) he asked the commander, “May I say something to you?”

“Do you speak Greek?” he replied. 38 “Aren’t you the Egyptian who started a revolt and led four thousand terrorists out into the wilderness(K) some time ago?”(L)

39 Paul answered, “I am a Jew, from Tarsus(M) in Cilicia,(N) a citizen of no ordinary city. Please let me speak to the people.”

40 After receiving the commander’s permission, Paul stood on the steps and motioned(O) to the crowd. When they were all silent, he said to them in Aramaic[a]:(P) 22 “Brothers and fathers,(Q) listen now to my defense.”

When they heard him speak to them in Aramaic,(R) they became very quiet.

Then Paul said: “I am a Jew,(S) born in Tarsus(T) of Cilicia,(U) but brought up in this city. I studied under(V) Gamaliel(W) and was thoroughly trained in the law of our ancestors.(X) I was just as zealous(Y) for God as any of you are today. I persecuted(Z) the followers of this Way(AA) to their death, arresting both men and women and throwing them into prison,(AB) as the high priest and all the Council(AC) can themselves testify. I even obtained letters from them to their associates(AD) in Damascus,(AE) and went there to bring these people as prisoners to Jerusalem to be punished.

“About noon as I came near Damascus, suddenly a bright light from heaven flashed around me.(AF) I fell to the ground and heard a voice say to me, ‘Saul! Saul! Why do you persecute me?’

“‘Who are you, Lord?’ I asked.

‘I am Jesus of Nazareth,(AG) whom you are persecuting,’ he replied. My companions saw the light,(AH) but they did not understand the voice(AI) of him who was speaking to me.

10 “‘What shall I do, Lord?’ I asked.

‘Get up,’ the Lord said, ‘and go into Damascus. There you will be told all that you have been assigned to do.’(AJ) 11 My companions led me by the hand into Damascus, because the brilliance of the light had blinded me.(AK)

12 “A man named Ananias came to see me.(AL) He was a devout observer of the law and highly respected by all the Jews living there.(AM) 13 He stood beside me and said, ‘Brother Saul, receive your sight!’ And at that very moment I was able to see him.

14 “Then he said: ‘The God of our ancestors(AN) has chosen you to know his will and to see(AO) the Righteous One(AP) and to hear words from his mouth. 15 You will be his witness(AQ) to all people of what you have seen(AR) and heard. 16 And now what are you waiting for? Get up, be baptized(AS) and wash your sins away,(AT) calling on his name.’(AU)

17 “When I returned to Jerusalem(AV) and was praying at the temple, I fell into a trance(AW) 18 and saw the Lord speaking to me. ‘Quick!’ he said. ‘Leave Jerusalem immediately, because the people here will not accept your testimony about me.’

19 “‘Lord,’ I replied, ‘these people know that I went from one synagogue to another to imprison(AX) and beat(AY) those who believe in you. 20 And when the blood of your martyr[b] Stephen was shed, I stood there giving my approval and guarding the clothes of those who were killing him.’(AZ)

21 “Then the Lord said to me, ‘Go; I will send you far away to the Gentiles.’ (BA)

Paul the Roman Citizen

22 The crowd listened to Paul until he said this. Then they raised their voices and shouted, “Rid the earth of him!(BB) He’s not fit to live!”(BC)

23 As they were shouting and throwing off their cloaks(BD) and flinging dust into the air,(BE) 24 the commander ordered that Paul be taken into the barracks.(BF) He directed(BG) that he be flogged and interrogated in order to find out why the people were shouting at him like this. 25 As they stretched him out to flog him, Paul said to the centurion standing there, “Is it legal for you to flog a Roman citizen who hasn’t even been found guilty?”(BH)

26 When the centurion heard this, he went to the commander and reported it. “What are you going to do?” he asked. “This man is a Roman citizen.”

27 The commander went to Paul and asked, “Tell me, are you a Roman citizen?”

“Yes, I am,” he answered.

28 Then the commander said, “I had to pay a lot of money for my citizenship.”

“But I was born a citizen,” Paul replied.

29 Those who were about to interrogate him(BI) withdrew immediately. The commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put Paul, a Roman citizen,(BJ) in chains.(BK)

Paul Before the Sanhedrin

30 The commander wanted to find out exactly why Paul was being accused by the Jews.(BL) So the next day he released him(BM) and ordered the chief priests and all the members of the Sanhedrin(BN) to assemble. Then he brought Paul and had him stand before them.

23 Paul looked straight at the Sanhedrin(BO) and said, “My brothers,(BP) I have fulfilled my duty to God in all good conscience(BQ) to this day.” At this the high priest Ananias(BR) ordered those standing near Paul to strike him on the mouth.(BS) Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall!(BT) You sit there to judge me according to the law, yet you yourself violate the law by commanding that I be struck!”(BU)

Those who were standing near Paul said, “How dare you insult God’s high priest!”

Paul replied, “Brothers, I did not realize that he was the high priest; for it is written: ‘Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.’[c](BV)

Then Paul, knowing that some of them were Sadducees(BW) and the others Pharisees, called out in the Sanhedrin, “My brothers,(BX) I am a Pharisee,(BY) descended from Pharisees. I stand on trial because of the hope of the resurrection of the dead.”(BZ) When he said this, a dispute broke out between the Pharisees and the Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. (The Sadducees say that there is no resurrection,(CA) and that there are neither angels nor spirits, but the Pharisees believe all these things.)

There was a great uproar, and some of the teachers of the law who were Pharisees(CB) stood up and argued vigorously. “We find nothing wrong with this man,”(CC) they said. “What if a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?”(CD) 10 The dispute became so violent that the commander was afraid Paul would be torn to pieces by them. He ordered the troops to go down and take him away from them by force and bring him into the barracks.(CE)

11 The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, “Take courage!(CF) As you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome.”(CG)

The Plot to Kill Paul

12 The next morning some Jews formed a conspiracy(CH) and bound themselves with an oath not to eat or drink until they had killed Paul.(CI) 13 More than forty men were involved in this plot. 14 They went to the chief priests and the elders and said, “We have taken a solemn oath not to eat anything until we have killed Paul.(CJ) 15 Now then, you and the Sanhedrin(CK) petition the commander to bring him before you on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about his case. We are ready to kill him before he gets here.”

16 But when the son of Paul’s sister heard of this plot, he went into the barracks(CL) and told Paul.

17 Then Paul called one of the centurions and said, “Take this young man to the commander; he has something to tell him.” 18 So he took him to the commander.

The centurion said, “Paul, the prisoner,(CM) sent for me and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.”

19 The commander took the young man by the hand, drew him aside and asked, “What is it you want to tell me?”

20 He said: “Some Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul before the Sanhedrin(CN) tomorrow on the pretext of wanting more accurate information about him.(CO) 21 Don’t give in to them, because more than forty(CP) of them are waiting in ambush for him. They have taken an oath not to eat or drink until they have killed him.(CQ) They are ready now, waiting for your consent to their request.”

22 The commander dismissed the young man with this warning: “Don’t tell anyone that you have reported this to me.”

Paul Transferred to Caesarea

23 Then he called two of his centurions and ordered them, “Get ready a detachment of two hundred soldiers, seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen[d] to go to Caesarea(CR) at nine tonight.(CS) 24 Provide horses for Paul so that he may be taken safely to Governor Felix.”(CT)

25 He wrote a letter as follows:

26 Claudius Lysias,

To His Excellency,(CU) Governor Felix:

Greetings.(CV)

27 This man was seized by the Jews and they were about to kill him,(CW) but I came with my troops and rescued him,(CX) for I had learned that he is a Roman citizen.(CY) 28 I wanted to know why they were accusing him, so I brought him to their Sanhedrin.(CZ) 29 I found that the accusation had to do with questions about their law,(DA) but there was no charge against him(DB) that deserved death or imprisonment. 30 When I was informed(DC) of a plot(DD) to be carried out against the man, I sent him to you at once. I also ordered his accusers(DE) to present to you their case against him.

31 So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul with them during the night and brought him as far as Antipatris. 32 The next day they let the cavalry(DF) go on with him, while they returned to the barracks.(DG) 33 When the cavalry(DH) arrived in Caesarea,(DI) they delivered the letter to the governor(DJ) and handed Paul over to him. 34 The governor read the letter and asked what province he was from. Learning that he was from Cilicia,(DK) 35 he said, “I will hear your case when your accusers(DL) get here.” Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard(DM) in Herod’s palace.

Paul’s Trial Before Felix

24 Five days later the high priest Ananias(DN) went down to Caesarea with some of the elders and a lawyer named Tertullus, and they brought their charges(DO) against Paul before the governor.(DP) When Paul was called in, Tertullus presented his case before Felix: “We have enjoyed a long period of peace under you, and your foresight has brought about reforms in this nation. Everywhere and in every way, most excellent(DQ) Felix, we acknowledge this with profound gratitude. But in order not to weary you further, I would request that you be kind enough to hear us briefly.

“We have found this man to be a troublemaker, stirring up riots(DR) among the Jews(DS) all over the world. He is a ringleader of the Nazarene(DT) sect(DU) and even tried to desecrate the temple;(DV) so we seized him. [7] [e] By examining him yourself you will be able to learn the truth about all these charges we are bringing against him.”

The other Jews joined in the accusation,(DW) asserting that these things were true.

10 When the governor(DX) motioned for him to speak, Paul replied: “I know that for a number of years you have been a judge over this nation; so I gladly make my defense. 11 You can easily verify that no more than twelve days(DY) ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship. 12 My accusers did not find me arguing with anyone at the temple,(DZ) or stirring up a crowd(EA) in the synagogues or anywhere else in the city. 13 And they cannot prove to you the charges they are now making against me.(EB) 14 However, I admit that I worship the God of our ancestors(EC) as a follower of the Way,(ED) which they call a sect.(EE) I believe everything that is in accordance with the Law and that is written in the Prophets,(EF) 15 and I have the same hope in God as these men themselves have, that there will be a resurrection(EG) of both the righteous and the wicked.(EH) 16 So I strive always to keep my conscience clear(EI) before God and man.

17 “After an absence of several years, I came to Jerusalem to bring my people gifts for the poor(EJ) and to present offerings. 18 I was ceremonially clean(EK) when they found me in the temple courts doing this. There was no crowd with me, nor was I involved in any disturbance.(EL) 19 But there are some Jews from the province of Asia,(EM) who ought to be here before you and bring charges if they have anything against me.(EN) 20 Or these who are here should state what crime they found in me when I stood before the Sanhedrin— 21 unless it was this one thing I shouted as I stood in their presence: ‘It is concerning the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial before you today.’”(EO)

22 Then Felix, who was well acquainted with the Way,(EP) adjourned the proceedings. “When Lysias the commander comes,” he said, “I will decide your case.”

Footnotes

  1. Acts 21:40 Or possibly Hebrew; also in 22:2
  2. Acts 22:20 Or witness
  3. Acts 23:5 Exodus 22:28
  4. Acts 23:23 The meaning of the Greek for this word is uncertain.
  5. Acts 24:7 Some manuscripts include here him, and we would have judged him in accordance with our law. But the commander Lysias came and took him from us with much violence, ordering his accusers to come before you.