Israel’s Rejection and God’s Purpose(A)

(B)But it is not that the word of God has taken no effect. For (C)they are not all Israel who are of Israel, (D)nor are they all children because they are the seed of Abraham; but, (E)“In Isaac your seed shall be called.” That is, those who are the children of the flesh, these are not the children of God; but (F)the children of the promise are counted as the seed. For this is the word of promise: (G)“At this time I will come and Sarah shall have a son.”

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God’s Sovereign Choice

It is not as though God’s word(A) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(B) Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[a](C) In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(D) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(E) For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[b](F)

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  2. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14

Israel’s Rejection and God’s Justice

14 What shall we say then? (A)Is there unrighteousness with God? Certainly not! 15 For He says to Moses, (B)“I will have mercy on whomever I will have mercy, and I will have compassion on whomever I will have compassion.” 16 So then it is not of him who wills, nor of him who runs, but of God who shows mercy. 17 For (C)the Scripture says to the Pharaoh, (D)“For this very purpose I have raised you up, that I may show My power in you, and that My name may be declared in all the earth.” 18 Therefore He has mercy on whom He wills, and whom He wills He (E)hardens.

19 You will say to me then, “Why does He still find fault? For (F)who has resisted His will?” 20 But indeed, O man, who are you to reply against God? (G)Will the thing formed say to him who formed it, “Why have you made me like this?” 21 Does not the (H)potter have power over the clay, from the same lump to make (I)one vessel for honor and another for dishonor?

22 What if God, wanting to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much longsuffering (J)the vessels of wrath (K)prepared for destruction, 23 and that He might make known (L)the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy, which He had (M)prepared beforehand for glory, 24 even us whom He (N)called, (O)not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?

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14 What then shall we say?(A) Is God unjust? Not at all!(B) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[a](C)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(D) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[b](E) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(F)

19 One of you will say to me:(G) “Then why does God still blame us?(H) For who is able to resist his will?”(I) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(J) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(K) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[c](L) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(M)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(N) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(O) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(P) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(Q) 24 even us, whom he also called,(R) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(S)

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  2. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  3. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9

Present Condition of Israel

30 What shall we say then? (A)That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have attained to righteousness, (B)even the righteousness of faith; 31 but Israel, (C)pursuing the law of righteousness, (D)has not attained to the law [a]of righteousness. 32 Why? Because they did not seek it by faith, but as it were, [b]by the works of the law. For (E)they stumbled at that stumbling stone. 33 As it is written:

(F)“Behold, I lay in Zion a stumbling stone and rock of offense,
And (G)whoever believes on Him will not be put to shame.”

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:31 NU omits of righteousness
  2. Romans 9:32 NU by works, omitting of the law

Israel’s Unbelief

30 What then shall we say?(A) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;(B) 31 but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness,(C) have not attained their goal.(D) 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone.(E) 33 As it is written:

“See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes people to stumble
    and a rock that makes them fall,
    and the one who believes in him will never be put to shame.”[a](F)

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16