Much more then, having now been justified [a](A)by His blood, we shall be saved (B)from the wrath of God through Him. 10 For if while we were (C)enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved [b](D)by His life. 11 (E)And not only this, but [c]we also celebrate in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received (F)the reconciliation.

12 Therefore, just as through (G)one man sin entered into the world, and (H)death through sin, and (I)so death spread to all mankind, because all sinned— 13 for [d]until the Law sin was in the world, but (J)sin is not [e]counted against anyone when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned (K)in the likeness of the [f]violation committed by Adam, who is a [g](L)type of Him who was to come.

15 But [h]the gracious gift is not like the offense. For if by the offense of (M)the one (N)the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by (O)the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many. 16 The gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned; for on the one hand (P)the judgment arose from one offense, [i]resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the gracious gift arose from many offenses, [j]resulting in justification. 17 For if by the offense of the one, death reigned (Q)through the one, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness (R)reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.

18 So then, as through (S)one offense [k]the result was condemnation to all mankind, so also through one (T)act of righteousness [l]the result was (U)justification of life to all mankind. 19 For as through the one man’s disobedience (V)the many (W)were made sinners, so also through (X)the obedience of the One (Y)the many will be made righteous. 20 [m](Z)The Law came in so that the offense would increase; but where sin increased, (AA)grace abounded all the more, 21 so that, as (AB)sin reigned in death, so also (AC)grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Believers Are Dead to Sin, Alive to God

(AD)What shall we say then? Are we to (AE)continue in sin so that grace may increase? [n](AF)Far from it! How shall we who (AG)died to sin still live in it? Or do you not know that all of us who have been (AH)baptized into (AI)Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? Therefore we have been (AJ)buried with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was (AK)raised from the dead through the (AL)glory of the Father, so we too may walk in (AM)newness of life. For (AN)if we have become [o]united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be [p]in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our (AO)old [q]self was (AP)crucified with Him, in order that our (AQ)body of sin might be [r]done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; for (AR)the one who has died is [s]freed from sin.

Now (AS)if we have died with Christ, we believe that (AT)we shall also live with Him, knowing that Christ, having been (AU)raised from the dead, [t]is never to die again; (AV)death no longer is master over Him. 10 For [u]the death that He died, He died to sin once for all time; but [v]the life that He lives, He lives to [w]God. 11 So you too, consider yourselves to be (AW)dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.

12 Therefore sin is not to (AX)reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, 13 and do not go on (AY)presenting [x]the parts of your body to sin as [y]instruments of unrighteousness; but (AZ)present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead, and [z]your body’s parts as [aa]instruments of righteousness for God. 14 For (BA)sin shall not (BB)be master over you, for (BC)you are not under [ab]the Law but (BD)under grace.

15 What then? (BE)Are we to sin because we are not under [ac]the Law but under grace? [ad](BF)Far from it! 16 Do you not (BG)know that the one to whom you present yourselves as (BH)slaves for obedience, you are slaves of that same one whom you obey, either of (BI)sin [ae]resulting in death, or of obedience [af]resulting in righteousness? 17 But (BJ)thanks be to God that [ag]though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that [ah](BK)form of teaching to which you were entrusted, 18 and after being (BL)freed from sin, you became slaves to righteousness. 19 (BM)I am speaking [ai]in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just (BN)as you presented [aj]the parts of your body as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, [ak]resulting in further lawlessness, so now present [al]your body’s parts as slaves to righteousness, [am]resulting in sanctification.

20 For (BO)when you were slaves of sin, you were free in relation to righteousness. 21 Therefore what [an](BP)benefit were you then [ao]deriving from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the outcome of those things is (BQ)death. 22 But now having been (BR)freed from sin and (BS)enslaved to God, you [ap]derive your [aq](BT)benefit, [ar]resulting in sanctification, and (BU)the outcome, eternal life. 23 For the wages of (BV)sin is death, but the gracious gift of God is (BW)eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Believers United to Christ

Or do you not know, (BX)brothers and sisters (for I am speaking to those who know the [as]Law), that the [at]Law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? For (BY)the married woman is bound by law to her [au]husband as long as he is alive; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law [av]concerning the husband. So then, if while her husband is alive she [aw]gives herself to another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress if she [ax]gives herself to another man.

Therefore, my brothers and sisters, you also were (BZ)put to death (CA)in regard to the Law (CB)through the body of Christ, so that you might belong to another, to Him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. For while we were (CC)in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were (CD)brought to light by the Law, were at work (CE)in [ay]the parts of our body to bear fruit for death. But now we have been (CF)released from the Law, having (CG)died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in (CH)newness of (CI)the [az]Spirit and not in oldness of the letter.

(CJ)What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? (CK)[ba]Far from it! On the contrary, (CL)I would not have come to know sin except [bb]through the Law; for I would not have known about [bc]coveting if the Law had not said, “(CM)You shall not [bd]covet.” But sin, (CN)taking an opportunity (CO)through the commandment, produced in me [be]coveting of every kind; for (CP)apart [bf]from the Law sin is dead. I was once alive apart [bg]from the Law; but when the commandment came, sin came to life, and I died; 10 and this commandment, which was [bh](CQ)to result in life, proved [bi]to result in death for me; 11 for sin, (CR)taking an opportunity (CS)through the commandment, (CT)deceived me, and through it, killed me. 12 (CU)So then, the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

13 Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? [bj](CV)Far from it! Rather it was sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin by bringing about my death through that which is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful.

The Conflict of Serving Two Masters

14 For we know that the Law is (CW)spiritual, but I am (CX)fleshly, (CY)sold [bk](CZ)into bondage to sin. 15 For (DA)I do not understand what I am doing; for I am not practicing (DB)what I want to do, but I do the very thing I hate. 16 However, if I do the very thing I do not want to do, I agree with (DC)the Law, that the Law is good. 17 But now, (DD)no longer am I the one doing it, but sin that dwells in me. 18 For I know that good does not dwell in me, that is, in my (DE)flesh; for the willing is present in me, but the doing of the good is not. 19 For (DF)the good that I want, I do not do, but I practice the very evil that I do not want. 20 But if I do the very thing I do not want, (DG)I am no longer the one doing it, but sin that dwells in me.

21 I find then (DH)the [bl]principle that evil is present in me, the one who wants to do good. 22 For I joyfully agree with the law of God [bm]in (DI)the inner person, 23 but I see (DJ)a different law in [bn]the parts of my body waging war against the (DK)law of my mind, and making me a prisoner [bo]of (DL)the law of sin, the law which is in [bp]my body’s parts. 24 Wretched man that I am! Who will set me free from [bq](DM)the body of this (DN)death? 25 (DO)Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, on the one hand I myself with my mind am serving the law of God, but on the other, with my flesh (DP)the law of sin.

Deliverance from Bondage

Therefore there is now no (DQ)condemnation at all for those who are (DR)in (DS)Christ Jesus. For (DT)the law of the Spirit of life [br]in (DU)Christ Jesus (DV)has set you free from the law of sin and of death. For (DW)what the Law could not do, [bs](DX)weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in (DY)the likeness of [bt]sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, so that the (DZ)requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us who (EA)do not walk [bu]according to the flesh but [bv]according to the Spirit. For those who are in accord with the flesh set their minds on (EB)the things of the flesh, but those who are in accord with the Spirit, (EC)the things of the Spirit. (ED)For the mind [bw]set on the flesh is (EE)death, but the mind [bx]set on the Spirit is life and peace, because the mind [by]set on the flesh is (EF)hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so, and those who are (EG)in the flesh cannot please God.

However, you are not (EH)in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God (EI)dwells in you. But (EJ)if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him. 10 (EK)If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, yet the spirit is [bz]alive because of righteousness. 11 But if the Spirit of Him who (EL)raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, (EM)He who raised (EN)Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies [ca]through His Spirit who dwells in you.

12 So then, brothers and sisters, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh— 13 for (EO)if you are living in accord with the flesh, you are going to die; but if by the Spirit you are (EP)putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live. 14 For all who are (EQ)being led by the Spirit of God, these are (ER)sons and daughters of God. 15 For you (ES)have not received a spirit of slavery [cb]leading to fear again, but you (ET)have received [cc]a spirit of adoption as sons and daughters by which we cry out, “(EU)Abba! [cd]Father!” 16 The Spirit Himself (EV)testifies with our spirit that we are (EW)children of God, 17 and if children, (EX)heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, (EY)if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him.

18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time (EZ)are not worthy to be compared with the (FA)glory that is to be revealed to us. 19 For the (FB)eagerly awaiting creation waits for (FC)the revealing of the (FD)sons and daughters of God. 20 For the creation (FE)was subjected to (FF)futility, not willingly, but (FG)because of Him who subjected it, [ce]in hope 21 that (FH)the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation (FI)groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. 23 (FJ)And not only that, but also we ourselves, having (FK)the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves (FL)groan within ourselves, (FM)waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons and daughters, (FN)the redemption of our body. 24 For (FO)in hope we have been saved, but (FP)hope that is seen is not hope; for who hopes for what he already sees? 25 But (FQ)if we hope for what we do not see, through perseverance we wait eagerly for it.

Our Victory in Christ

26 Now in the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; for (FR)we do not know what to pray for as we should, but (FS)the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with [cf]groanings too deep for words; 27 and (FT)He who searches the hearts knows what (FU)the mind of the Spirit is, because He (FV)intercedes for the [cg]saints according to the will of God.

28 And we know that [ch]God [ci]causes (FW)all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are (FX)called according to His purpose. 29 For those whom He (FY)foreknew, He also (FZ)predestined to become (GA)conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the (GB)firstborn among many brothers and sisters; 30 and these whom He (GC)predestined, He also (GD)called; and these whom He called, He also (GE)justified; and these whom He justified, He also (GF)glorified.

31 (GG)What then shall we say to these things? (GH)If God is for us, who is against us? 32 He who (GI)did not spare His own Son, but (GJ)delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things? 33 Who will bring charges against (GK)God’s elect? (GL)God is the one who justifies; 34 who is the one who (GM)condemns? Christ Jesus is He who (GN)died, but rather, was [cj](GO)raised, who is (GP)at the right hand of God, who also (GQ)intercedes for us. 35 Who will separate us from (GR)the love of [ck]Christ? Will (GS)tribulation, or trouble, or (GT)persecution, or (GU)famine, or (GV)nakedness, or (GW)danger, or sword? 36 Just as it is written:

(GX)For Your sake we are killed all day long;
We were regarded as sheep to be slaughtered.”

37 But in all these things we overwhelmingly (GY)conquer through (GZ)Him who loved us. 38 For I am convinced that neither (HA)death, nor life, nor (HB)angels, nor principalities, nor (HC)things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from (HD)the love of God that is (HE)in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Deep Concern for Israel

(HF)I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying; my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit, that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. For (HG)I could [cl]wish that I myself were (HH)accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my countrymen, my kinsmen (HI)according to the flesh, who are (HJ)Israelites, to whom belongs (HK)the adoption as sons and daughters, (HL)the glory, (HM)the covenants, (HN)the giving of the Law, (HO)the temple service, and (HP)the promises; whose are (HQ)the fathers, and (HR)from whom is the [cm]Christ according to the flesh, (HS)who is over all, (HT)God (HU)blessed [cn]forever. Amen.

But it is not as though (HV)the word of God has failed. (HW)For they are not all Israel who are descended from Israel; nor are they all children (HX)because they are Abraham’s [co](HY)descendants, but: “[cp](HZ)through Isaac your [cq]descendants shall be named.” That is, it is not the children of the flesh [cr]who are (IA)children of God, but the (IB)children of the promise are regarded as [cs](IC)descendants. For this is the word of promise: “(ID)At this time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.” 10 (IE)And not only that, but there was also (IF)Rebekah, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that (IG)God’s purpose according to His choice would [ct]stand, not [cu]because of works but [cv]because of Him who calls, 12 it was said to her, “(IH)The older will serve the younger.” 13 Just as it is written: “(II)Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.”

14 (IJ)What shall we say then? (IK)There is no injustice with God, is there? [cw](IL)Far from it! 15 For He says to Moses, “(IM)I will have mercy on whomever I have mercy, and I will show compassion to whomever I show compassion.” 16 So then, it does not depend on the person who [cx]wants it nor the one who [cy](IN)runs, but on (IO)God who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “(IP)For this very reason I raised you up, in order to demonstrate My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed [cz]throughout the earth.” 18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He (IQ)hardens whom He desires.

19 (IR)You will say to me then, “(IS)Why does He still find fault? For (IT)who has resisted His will?” 20 On the contrary, who are you, [da](IU)you foolish person, who (IV)answers back to God? (IW)The thing molded will not say to the molder, “Why did you make me like this,” will it? 21 Or does the potter not have a right over the clay, to make from the same lump one object [db]for honorable use, and another [dc]for common use? 22 [dd]What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with great (IX)patience objects of wrath (IY)prepared for destruction? 23 And He did so to make known (IZ)the riches of His glory upon (JA)objects of mercy, which He (JB)prepared beforehand for glory, 24 namely us, whom He also (JC)called, (JD)not only from among Jews, but also from among Gentiles, 25 as He also says in Hosea:

(JE)I will call those who were not My people, ‘My people,’
And her who was not beloved, ‘beloved.’”
26 (JF)And it shall be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘you are not My people,’
There they shall be called sons of (JG)the living God.”

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, “(JH)Though the number of the sons of Israel may be (JI)like the sand of the sea, only (JJ)the remnant will be saved; 28 (JK)for the Lord will execute His word on the earth, [de]thoroughly and [df]quickly.” 29 And just as Isaiah foretold:

(JL)If (JM)the Lord [dg]of armies had not left us [dh](JN)descendants,
(JO)We would have become like Sodom, and would have [di]been like Gomorrah.”

30 (JP)What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained righteousness, but (JQ)the righteousness that is [dj]by faith; 31 however, Israel, (JR)pursuing a law of righteousness, did not (JS)arrive at that law. 32 Why? Because they did not pursue it [dk]by faith, but as though they could [dl]by works. They stumbled over (JT)the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written:

(JU)Behold, I am laying in Zion (JV)a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense,
(JW)And the one who believes in Him (JX)will not be [dm]put to shame.”

The Word of Faith Brings Salvation

10 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God for them is for their salvation. For I testify about them that they have (JY)a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge. For not knowing about (JZ)God’s righteousness and (KA)seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God. For (KB)Christ is the [dn]end of the Law for righteousness to (KC)everyone who believes.

For Moses writes of the righteousness that is [do]based on the Law, that the person who performs [dp]them (KD)will live by [dq]them. But (KE)the righteousness [dr]based on faith speaks as follows: “(KF)Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will go up into heaven?’ (that is, to bring Christ down), or ‘Who will descend into the (KG)abyss?’ (that is, to (KH)bring Christ up from the dead).” But what does it say? “(KI)The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart”—that is, the word of faith which we are preaching, [ds]that (KJ)if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and (KK)believe in your heart that (KL)God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved; 10 for with the heart a person believes, [dt]resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, [du]resulting in salvation. 11 For the Scripture says, “(KM)Whoever believes in Him will not be [dv]put to shame.” 12 For (KN)there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is (KO)Lord of (KP)all, abounding in riches for all who call on Him; 13 for “(KQ)Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”

14 How then are they to call on Him in whom they have not believed? How are they to believe in Him (KR)whom they have not heard? And how are they to hear without (KS)a preacher? 15 But how are they to preach unless they are sent? Just as it is written: “(KT)How beautiful are the feet of those who [dw](KU)bring good news of good things!”

16 However, they (KV)did not all heed the [dx]good news; for Isaiah says, “(KW)Lord, who has believed our report?” 17 So faith comes from (KX)hearing, and hearing by (KY)the word [dy]of Christ.

18 But I say, surely they have never heard, have they? On the contrary:

(KZ)Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
And their words to the ends of the [dz]world.”

19 But I say, surely Israel did not know, did they? First Moses says,

(LA)I will (LB)make you jealous with those who are not a nation,
With a foolish nation I will anger you.”

20 And Isaiah is very bold and says,

(LC)I was found by those who did not seek Me,
I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me.”

21 But as for Israel, He says, “(LD)I have spread out My hands all day long to a disobedient and obstinate people.”

Israel Has Not Been Rejected

11 I say then, God has not (LE)rejected His people, has He? [ea](LF)Far from it! For (LG)I too am an Israelite, [eb]a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. God (LH)has not rejected His people whom He (LI)foreknew. (LJ)Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? “Lord, (LK)they have killed Your prophets, they have torn down Your altars, and I alone am left, and they are seeking my life.” But what [ec]is the divine response to him? “(LL)I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” In the same way then, there has also come to be at the present time (LM)a remnant according to God’s [ed]gracious choice. But (LN)if it is by grace, it is no longer [ee]on the basis of works, since otherwise grace is no longer grace.

What then? What (LO)Israel is seeking, it has not obtained, but [ef]those who were chosen obtained it, and the rest were (LP)hardened; just as it is written:

(LQ)God gave them a spirit of stupor,
Eyes to see not and ears to hear not,
Down to this very day.”

And David says,

(LR)May their table become a snare and a trap,
And a stumbling block and a retribution to them.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 5:9 Or in
  2. Romans 5:10 Or in
  3. Romans 5:11 Lit also boasting
  4. Romans 5:13 Or until law
  5. Romans 5:13 Lit credited to
  6. Romans 5:14 I.e., of God’s command
  7. Romans 5:14 Or foreshadowing
  8. Romans 5:15 Lit not as the offense, so also is the gracious gift
  9. Romans 5:16 Lit to condemnation
  10. Romans 5:16 Lit to an act of righteousness
  11. Romans 5:18 Lit to condemnation
  12. Romans 5:18 Lit to justification
  13. Romans 5:20 Or law
  14. Romans 6:2 Lit May it never happen!
  15. Romans 6:5 Or united with the likeness
  16. Romans 6:5 Or with
  17. Romans 6:6 Lit person (Gr anthropos)
  18. Romans 6:6 Or made powerless
  19. Romans 6:7 Or acquitted
  20. Romans 6:9 Lit no longer dies
  21. Romans 6:10 Lit that which He died
  22. Romans 6:10 Lit that which He lives
  23. Romans 6:10 I.e., the Father
  24. Romans 6:13 Lit your parts to sin
  25. Romans 6:13 Or weapons
  26. Romans 6:13 Lit your parts as
  27. Romans 6:13 Or weapons
  28. Romans 6:14 Or law
  29. Romans 6:15 Or law
  30. Romans 6:15 Lit May it never happen!
  31. Romans 6:16 Lit to death
  32. Romans 6:16 Lit to righteousness
  33. Romans 6:17 Lit you were slaves...but you became
  34. Romans 6:17 Or pattern
  35. Romans 6:19 I.e., reluctantly using slavery as an analogy
  36. Romans 6:19 Lit your parts as
  37. Romans 6:19 Lit to lawlessness
  38. Romans 6:19 Lit your parts as
  39. Romans 6:19 Lit to sanctification
  40. Romans 6:21 Lit fruit
  41. Romans 6:21 Lit having
  42. Romans 6:22 Lit have
  43. Romans 6:22 Lit fruit
  44. Romans 6:22 Lit to sanctification
  45. Romans 7:1 Or law
  46. Romans 7:1 Or law
  47. Romans 7:2 Lit living husband; but if
  48. Romans 7:2 Lit of
  49. Romans 7:3 Lit becomes another man’s
  50. Romans 7:3 I.e., in marriage; lit becomes another man’s
  51. Romans 7:5 Lit our parts to bear
  52. Romans 7:6 Or spirit
  53. Romans 7:7 Lit May it never happen!
  54. Romans 7:7 Or through law
  55. Romans 7:7 Or lust
  56. Romans 7:7 Or lust
  57. Romans 7:8 Or lust
  58. Romans 7:8 Or from law
  59. Romans 7:9 Or from law
  60. Romans 7:10 Lit to life
  61. Romans 7:10 Lit to death
  62. Romans 7:13 Lit May it never happen!
  63. Romans 7:14 Lit under sin
  64. Romans 7:21 Lit law
  65. Romans 7:22 Or with respect to
  66. Romans 7:23 Lit my parts waging
  67. Romans 7:23 Lit in
  68. Romans 7:23 Lit my parts
  69. Romans 7:24 Or this body of death
  70. Romans 8:2 Or has set you free in Christ Jesus
  71. Romans 8:3 Lit in which it was weak
  72. Romans 8:3 Lit flesh of sin
  73. Romans 8:4 Or in accordance with
  74. Romans 8:4 Or in accordance with
  75. Romans 8:6 Lit of the
  76. Romans 8:6 Lit of the
  77. Romans 8:7 Lit of the
  78. Romans 8:10 Lit life
  79. Romans 8:11 One early ms because of
  80. Romans 8:15 Lit for fear again
  81. Romans 8:15 Or the Spirit
  82. Romans 8:15 Gr translation of the Aramaic Abba provided by Paul
  83. Romans 8:20 Or in hope; because the creation
  84. Romans 8:26 Lit wordless groanings
  85. Romans 8:27 Lit holy ones; i.e., God’s people
  86. Romans 8:28 One early ms He; i.e., God
  87. Romans 8:28 Or in all things works together with those...for good
  88. Romans 8:34 One early ms raised from the dead
  89. Romans 8:35 Two early mss God
  90. Romans 9:3 Lit pray
  91. Romans 9:5 I.e., Messiah
  92. Romans 9:5 Lit unto the ages
  93. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  94. Romans 9:7 Lit in
  95. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  96. Romans 9:8 Lit these
  97. Romans 9:8 Lit seed
  98. Romans 9:11 Lit remain
  99. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  100. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  101. Romans 9:14 Lit May it never happen!
  102. Romans 9:16 Or wills nor
  103. Romans 9:16 I.e., to win mercy or favor
  104. Romans 9:17 Lit in all
  105. Romans 9:20 Lit O
  106. Romans 9:21 Lit for honor
  107. Romans 9:21 Lit for dishonor
  108. Romans 9:22 Lit But
  109. Romans 9:28 Lit finishing it
  110. Romans 9:28 Lit cutting it short
  111. Romans 9:29 Gr sabaoth, for Heb tsebaoth (armies)
  112. Romans 9:29 Lit seed
  113. Romans 9:29 Lit been made like
  114. Romans 9:30 Lit out of
  115. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  116. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  117. Romans 9:33 Or disappointed
  118. Romans 10:4 Or goal
  119. Romans 10:5 Lit out of, from
  120. Romans 10:5 I.e., the statutes of the Law
  121. Romans 10:5 I.e., the statutes of the Law
  122. Romans 10:6 Lit out of, from
  123. Romans 10:9 Or because
  124. Romans 10:10 Lit to righteousness
  125. Romans 10:10 Lit to salvation
  126. Romans 10:11 Or disappointed
  127. Romans 10:15 Or preach the gospel
  128. Romans 10:16 Or gospel
  129. Romans 10:17 Or concerning Christ
  130. Romans 10:18 Or inhabited earth
  131. Romans 11:1 Lit May it never happen!
  132. Romans 11:1 Lit of the seed of Abraham
  133. Romans 11:4 Lit says
  134. Romans 11:5 Lit choice of grace
  135. Romans 11:6 Lit out of
  136. Romans 11:7 Lit the election

Since we have now been justified(A) by his blood,(B) how much more shall we be saved from God’s wrath(C) through him! 10 For if, while we were God’s enemies,(D) we were reconciled(E) to him through the death of his Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through his life!(F) 11 Not only is this so, but we also boast in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.(G)

Death Through Adam, Life Through Christ

12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man,(H) and death through sin,(I) and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned(J)

13 To be sure, sin was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not charged against anyone’s account where there is no law.(K) 14 Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam,(L) who is a pattern of the one to come.(M)

15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man,(N) how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ,(O) overflow to the many! 16 Nor can the gift of God be compared with the result of one man’s sin: The judgment followed one sin and brought condemnation, but the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one man, death(P) reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive God’s abundant provision of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life(Q) through the one man, Jesus Christ!

18 Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people,(R) so also one righteous act resulted in justification(S) and life(T) for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man(U) the many were made sinners,(V) so also through the obedience(W) of the one man the many will be made righteous.

20 The law was brought in so that the trespass might increase.(X) But where sin increased, grace increased all the more,(Y) 21 so that, just as sin reigned in death,(Z) so also grace(AA) might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life(AB) through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ

What shall we say, then?(AC) Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase?(AD) By no means! We are those who have died to sin;(AE) how can we live in it any longer? Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized(AF) into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death(AG) in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead(AH) through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.(AI)

For if we have been united with him in a death like his, we will certainly also be united with him in a resurrection like his.(AJ) For we know that our old self(AK) was crucified with him(AL) so that the body ruled by sin(AM) might be done away with,[a] that we should no longer be slaves to sin(AN) because anyone who has died has been set free from sin.(AO)

Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him.(AP) For we know that since Christ was raised from the dead,(AQ) he cannot die again; death no longer has mastery over him.(AR) 10 The death he died, he died to sin(AS) once for all;(AT) but the life he lives, he lives to God.

11 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin(AU) but alive to God in Christ Jesus. 12 Therefore do not let sin reign(AV) in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires. 13 Do not offer any part of yourself to sin as an instrument of wickedness,(AW) but rather offer yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer every part of yourself to him as an instrument of righteousness.(AX) 14 For sin shall no longer be your master,(AY) because you are not under the law,(AZ) but under grace.(BA)

Slaves to Righteousness

15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under the law but under grace?(BB) By no means! 16 Don’t you know that when you offer yourselves to someone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey(BC)—whether you are slaves to sin,(BD) which leads to death,(BE) or to obedience, which leads to righteousness? 17 But thanks be to God(BF) that, though you used to be slaves to sin,(BG) you have come to obey from your heart the pattern of teaching(BH) that has now claimed your allegiance. 18 You have been set free from sin(BI) and have become slaves to righteousness.(BJ)

19 I am using an example from everyday life(BK) because of your human limitations. Just as you used to offer yourselves as slaves to impurity and to ever-increasing wickedness, so now offer yourselves as slaves to righteousness(BL) leading to holiness. 20 When you were slaves to sin,(BM) you were free from the control of righteousness.(BN) 21 What benefit did you reap at that time from the things you are now ashamed of? Those things result in death!(BO) 22 But now that you have been set free from sin(BP) and have become slaves of God,(BQ) the benefit you reap leads to holiness, and the result is eternal life.(BR) 23 For the wages of sin is death,(BS) but the gift of God is eternal life(BT) in[b] Christ Jesus our Lord.

Released From the Law, Bound to Christ

Do you not know, brothers and sisters(BU)—for I am speaking to those who know the law—that the law has authority over someone only as long as that person lives? For example, by law a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law that binds her to him.(BV) So then, if she has sexual relations with another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress.(BW) But if her husband dies, she is released from that law and is not an adulteress if she marries another man.

So, my brothers and sisters, you also died to the law(BX) through the body of Christ,(BY) that you might belong to another,(BZ) to him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. For when we were in the realm of the flesh,[c](CA) the sinful passions aroused by the law(CB) were at work in us,(CC) so that we bore fruit for death.(CD) But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law(CE) so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code.(CF)

The Law and Sin

What shall we say, then?(CG) Is the law sinful? Certainly not!(CH) Nevertheless, I would not have known what sin was had it not been for the law.(CI) For I would not have known what coveting really was if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.”[d](CJ) But sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment,(CK) produced in me every kind of coveting. For apart from the law, sin was dead.(CL) Once I was alive apart from the law; but when the commandment came, sin sprang to life and I died. 10 I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life(CM) actually brought death. 11 For sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment,(CN) deceived me,(CO) and through the commandment put me to death. 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous and good.(CP)

13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? By no means! Nevertheless, in order that sin might be recognized as sin, it used what is good(CQ) to bring about my death,(CR) so that through the commandment sin might become utterly sinful.

14 We know that the law is spiritual; but I am unspiritual,(CS) sold(CT) as a slave to sin.(CU) 15 I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do.(CV) 16 And if I do what I do not want to do, I agree that the law is good.(CW) 17 As it is, it is no longer I myself who do it, but it is sin living in me.(CX) 18 For I know that good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature.[e](CY) For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out. 19 For I do not do the good I want to do, but the evil I do not want to do—this I keep on doing.(CZ) 20 Now if I do what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it.(DA)

21 So I find this law at work:(DB) Although I want to do good, evil is right there with me. 22 For in my inner being(DC) I delight in God’s law;(DD) 23 but I see another law at work in me, waging war(DE) against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin(DF) at work within me. 24 What a wretched man I am! Who will rescue me from this body that is subject to death?(DG) 25 Thanks be to God, who delivers me through Jesus Christ our Lord!(DH)

So then, I myself in my mind am a slave to God’s law,(DI) but in my sinful nature[f] a slave to the law of sin.(DJ)

Life Through the Spirit

Therefore, there is now no condemnation(DK) for those who are in Christ Jesus,(DL) because through Christ Jesus(DM) the law of the Spirit who gives life(DN) has set you[g] free(DO) from the law of sin(DP) and death. For what the law was powerless(DQ) to do because it was weakened by the flesh,[h](DR) God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh(DS) to be a sin offering.[i](DT) And so he condemned sin in the flesh, in order that the righteous requirement(DU) of the law might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.(DV)

Those who live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires;(DW) but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires.(DX) The mind governed by the flesh is death,(DY) but the mind governed by the Spirit is life(DZ) and peace. The mind governed by the flesh is hostile to God;(EA) it does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so. Those who are in the realm of the flesh(EB) cannot please God.

You, however, are not in the realm of the flesh(EC) but are in the realm of the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God lives in you.(ED) And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ,(EE) they do not belong to Christ. 10 But if Christ is in you,(EF) then even though your body is subject to death because of sin, the Spirit gives life[j] because of righteousness. 11 And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead(EG) is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies(EH) because of[k] his Spirit who lives in you.

12 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we have an obligation—but it is not to the flesh, to live according to it.(EI) 13 For if you live according to the flesh, you will die;(EJ) but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body,(EK) you will live.(EL)

14 For those who are led by the Spirit of God(EM) are the children of God.(EN) 15 The Spirit(EO) you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again;(EP) rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship.[l] And by him we cry, “Abba,[m] Father.”(EQ) 16 The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit(ER) that we are God’s children.(ES) 17 Now if we are children, then we are heirs(ET)—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings(EU) in order that we may also share in his glory.(EV)

Present Suffering and Future Glory

18 I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us.(EW) 19 For the creation waits in eager expectation for the children of God(EX) to be revealed. 20 For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it,(EY) in hope 21 that[n] the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay(EZ) and brought into the freedom and glory of the children of God.(FA)

22 We know that the whole creation has been groaning(FB) as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. 23 Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit,(FC) groan(FD) inwardly as we wait eagerly(FE) for our adoption to sonship, the redemption of our bodies.(FF) 24 For in this hope we were saved.(FG) But hope that is seen is no hope at all.(FH) Who hopes for what they already have? 25 But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently.(FI)

26 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit(FJ) himself intercedes for us(FK) through wordless groans. 27 And he who searches our hearts(FL) knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes(FM) for God’s people in accordance with the will of God.

28 And we know that in all things God works for the good(FN) of those who love him, who[o] have been called(FO) according to his purpose.(FP) 29 For those God foreknew(FQ) he also predestined(FR) to be conformed to the image of his Son,(FS) that he might be the firstborn(FT) among many brothers and sisters. 30 And those he predestined,(FU) he also called;(FV) those he called, he also justified;(FW) those he justified, he also glorified.(FX)

More Than Conquerors

31 What, then, shall we say in response to these things?(FY) If God is for us,(FZ) who can be against us?(GA) 32 He who did not spare his own Son,(GB) but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? 33 Who will bring any charge(GC) against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. 34 Who then is the one who condemns?(GD) No one. Christ Jesus who died(GE)—more than that, who was raised to life(GF)—is at the right hand of God(GG) and is also interceding for us.(GH) 35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?(GI) Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword?(GJ) 36 As it is written:

“For your sake we face death all day long;
    we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.”[p](GK)

37 No, in all these things we are more than conquerors(GL) through him who loved us.(GM) 38 For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons,[q] neither the present nor the future,(GN) nor any powers,(GO) 39 neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God(GP) that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.(GQ)

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying,(GR) my conscience confirms(GS) it through the Holy Spirit— I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. For I could wish that I myself(GT) were cursed(GU) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people,(GV) those of my own race,(GW) the people of Israel.(GX) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;(GY) theirs the divine glory,(GZ) the covenants,(HA) the receiving of the law,(HB) the temple worship(HC) and the promises.(HD) Theirs are the patriarchs,(HE) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,(HF) who is God over all,(HG) forever praised![r](HH) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

It is not as though God’s word(HI) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(HJ) Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[s](HK) In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(HL) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(HM) For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[t](HN)

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.(HO) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad(HP)—in order that God’s purpose(HQ) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”[u](HR) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[v](HS)

14 What then shall we say?(HT) Is God unjust? Not at all!(HU) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[w](HV)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(HW) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[x](HX) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(HY)

19 One of you will say to me:(HZ) “Then why does God still blame us?(IA) For who is able to resist his will?”(IB) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(IC) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(ID) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[y](IE) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(IF)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(IG) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(IH) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(II) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(IJ) 24 even us, whom he also called,(IK) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(IL) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
    and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”[z](IM)

26 and,

“In the very place where it was said to them,
    ‘You are not my people,’
    there they will be called ‘children of the living God.’”[aa](IN)

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel:

“Though the number of the Israelites be like the sand by the sea,(IO)
    only the remnant will be saved.(IP)
28 For the Lord will carry out
    his sentence on earth with speed and finality.”[ab](IQ)

29 It is just as Isaiah said previously:

“Unless the Lord Almighty(IR)
    had left us descendants,
we would have become like Sodom,
    we would have been like Gomorrah.”[ac](IS)

Israel’s Unbelief

30 What then shall we say?(IT) That the Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, have obtained it, a righteousness that is by faith;(IU) 31 but the people of Israel, who pursued the law as the way of righteousness,(IV) have not attained their goal.(IW) 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone.(IX) 33 As it is written:

“See, I lay in Zion a stone that causes people to stumble
    and a rock that makes them fall,
    and the one who believes in him will never be put to shame.”[ad](IY)

10 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire(IZ) and prayer to God for the Israelites is that they may be saved. For I can testify about them that they are zealous(JA) for God, but their zeal is not based on knowledge. Since they did not know the righteousness of God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness.(JB) Christ is the culmination of the law(JC) so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes.(JD)

Moses writes this about the righteousness that is by the law: “The person who does these things will live by them.”[ae](JE) But the righteousness that is by faith(JF) says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’”[af](JG) (that is, to bring Christ down) “or ‘Who will descend into the deep?’”[ag](JH) (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead).(JI) But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,”[ah](JJ) that is, the message concerning faith that we proclaim: If you declare(JK) with your mouth, “Jesus is Lord,”(JL) and believe(JM) in your heart that God raised him from the dead,(JN) you will be saved.(JO) 10 For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you profess your faith and are saved. 11 As Scripture says, “Anyone who believes in him will never be put to shame.”[ai](JP) 12 For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile(JQ)—the same Lord is Lord of all(JR) and richly blesses all who call on him, 13 for, “Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord(JS) will be saved.”[aj](JT)

14 How, then, can they call on the one they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the one of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? 15 And how can anyone preach unless they are sent? As it is written: “How beautiful are the feet of those who bring good news!”[ak](JU)

16 But not all the Israelites accepted the good news.(JV) For Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our message?”[al](JW) 17 Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message,(JX) and the message is heard through the word about Christ.(JY) 18 But I ask: Did they not hear? Of course they did:

“Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
    their words to the ends of the world.”[am](JZ)

19 Again I ask: Did Israel not understand? First, Moses says,

“I will make you envious(KA) by those who are not a nation;
    I will make you angry by a nation that has no understanding.”[an](KB)

20 And Isaiah boldly says,

“I was found by those who did not seek me;
    I revealed myself to those who did not ask for me.”[ao](KC)

21 But concerning Israel he says,

“All day long I have held out my hands
    to a disobedient and obstinate people.”[ap](KD)

The Remnant of Israel

11 I ask then: Did God reject his people? By no means!(KE) I am an Israelite myself, a descendant of Abraham,(KF) from the tribe of Benjamin.(KG) God did not reject his people,(KH) whom he foreknew.(KI) Don’t you know what Scripture says in the passage about Elijah—how he appealed to God against Israel: “Lord, they have killed your prophets and torn down your altars; I am the only one left, and they are trying to kill me”[aq]?(KJ) And what was God’s answer to him? “I have reserved for myself seven thousand who have not bowed the knee to Baal.”[ar](KK) So too, at the present time there is a remnant(KL) chosen by grace.(KM) And if by grace, then it cannot be based on works;(KN) if it were, grace would no longer be grace.

What then? What the people of Israel sought so earnestly they did not obtain.(KO) The elect among them did, but the others were hardened,(KP) as it is written:

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
    eyes that could not see
    and ears that could not hear,(KQ)
to this very day.”[as](KR)

And David says:

“May their table become a snare and a trap,
    a stumbling block and a retribution for them.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 6:6 Or be rendered powerless
  2. Romans 6:23 Or through
  3. Romans 7:5 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
  4. Romans 7:7 Exodus 20:17; Deut. 5:21
  5. Romans 7:18 Or my flesh
  6. Romans 7:25 Or in the flesh
  7. Romans 8:2 The Greek is singular; some manuscripts me
  8. Romans 8:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 4-13.
  9. Romans 8:3 Or flesh, for sin
  10. Romans 8:10 Or you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive
  11. Romans 8:11 Some manuscripts bodies through
  12. Romans 8:15 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture; also in verse 23.
  13. Romans 8:15 Aramaic for father
  14. Romans 8:21 Or subjected it in hope. 21 For
  15. Romans 8:28 Or that all things work together for good to those who love God, who; or that in all things God works together with those who love him to bring about what is good—with those who
  16. Romans 8:36 Psalm 44:22
  17. Romans 8:38 Or nor heavenly rulers
  18. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  19. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  20. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  21. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  22. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  23. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  24. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  25. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  26. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
  27. Romans 9:26 Hosea 1:10
  28. Romans 9:28 Isaiah 10:22,23 (see Septuagint)
  29. Romans 9:29 Isaiah 1:9
  30. Romans 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16
  31. Romans 10:5 Lev. 18:5
  32. Romans 10:6 Deut. 30:12
  33. Romans 10:7 Deut. 30:13
  34. Romans 10:8 Deut. 30:14
  35. Romans 10:11 Isaiah 28:16 (see Septuagint)
  36. Romans 10:13 Joel 2:32
  37. Romans 10:15 Isaiah 52:7
  38. Romans 10:16 Isaiah 53:1
  39. Romans 10:18 Psalm 19:4
  40. Romans 10:19 Deut. 32:21
  41. Romans 10:20 Isaiah 65:1
  42. Romans 10:21 Isaiah 65:2
  43. Romans 11:3 1 Kings 19:10,14
  44. Romans 11:4 1 Kings 19:18
  45. Romans 11:8 Deut. 29:4; Isaiah 29:10