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Abraão foi justificado pela fé

Que diremos, pois, ter alcançado Abraão, nosso pai segundo a carne? Porque, se Abraão foi justificado pelas obras, tem de que se gloriar, mas não diante de Deus. Pois, que diz a Escritura? Creu Abraão em Deus, e isso lhe foi imputado como justiça. Ora, àquele que faz qualquer obra, não lhe é imputado o galardão segundo a graça, mas segundo a dívida. Mas, àquele que não pratica, porém crê naquele que justifica o ímpio, a sua fé lhe é imputada como justiça. Assim também Davi declara bem-aventurado o homem a quem Deus imputa a justiça sem as obras, dizendo: Bem-aventurados aqueles cujas maldades são perdoadas, e cujos pecados são cobertos. Bem-aventurado o homem a quem o Senhor não imputa o pecado.

Vem, pois, esta bem-aventurança sobre a circuncisão somente ou também sobre a incircuncisão? Porque dizemos que a fé foi imputada como justiça a Abraão. 10 Como lhe foi, pois, imputada? Estando na circuncisão ou na incircuncisão? Não na circuncisão, mas na incircuncisão. 11 E recebeu o sinal da circuncisão, selo da justiça da fé, quando estava na incircuncisão, para que fosse pai de todos os que creem (estando eles também na incircuncisão, a fim de que também a justiça lhes seja imputada), 12 e fosse pai da circuncisão, daqueles que não somente são da circuncisão, mas que também andam nas pisadas daquela fé de Abraão, nosso pai, que tivera na incircuncisão. 13 Porque a promessa de que havia de ser herdeiro do mundo não foi feita pela lei a Abraão ou à sua posteridade, mas pela justiça da fé. 14 Pois, se os que são da lei são herdeiros, logo a fé é vã e a promessa é aniquilada. 15 Porque a lei opera a ira; porque onde não há lei também não há transgressão.

16 Portanto, é pela fé, para que seja segundo a graça, a fim de que a promessa seja firme a toda a posteridade, não somente à que é da lei, mas também à que é da fé de Abraão, o qual é pai de todos nós 17 (como está escrito: Por pai de muitas nações te constituí.), perante aquele no qual creu, a saber, Deus, o qual vivifica os mortos e chama as coisas que não são como se já fossem. 18 O qual, em esperança, creu contra a esperança que seria feito pai de muitas nações, conforme o que lhe fora dito: Assim será a tua descendência. 19 E não enfraqueceu na fé, nem atentou para o seu próprio corpo já amortecido (pois era já de quase cem anos), nem tampouco para o amortecimento do ventre de Sara. 20 E não duvidou da promessa de Deus por incredulidade, mas foi fortificado na fé, dando glória a Deus; 21 e estando certíssimo de que o que ele tinha prometido também era poderoso para o fazer. 22 Pelo que isso lhe foi também imputado como justiça. 23 Ora, não só por causa dele está escrito que lhe fosse tomado em conta, 24 mas também por nós, a quem será tomado em conta, os que cremos naquele que dos mortos ressuscitou a Jesus, nosso Senhor, 25 o qual por nossos pecados foi entregue e ressuscitou para nossa justificação.

Trusting God

1-3 So how do we fit what we know of Abraham, our first father in the faith, into this new way of looking at things? If Abraham, by what he did for God, got God to approve him, he could certainly have taken credit for it. But the story we’re given is a God-story, not an Abraham-story. What we read in Scripture is, “Abraham entered into what God was doing for him, and that was the turning point. He trusted God to set him right instead of trying to be right on his own.”

4-5 If you’re a hard worker and do a good job, you deserve your pay; we don’t call your wages a gift. But if you see that the job is too big for you, that it’s something only God can do, and you trust him to do it—you could never do it for yourself no matter how hard and long you worked—well, that trusting-him-to-do-it is what gets you set right with God, by God. Sheer gift.

6-9 David confirms this way of looking at it, saying that the one who trusts God to do the putting-everything-right without insisting on having a say in it is one fortunate man:

Fortunate those whose crimes are whisked away,
    whose sins are wiped clean from the slate.
Fortunate the person against
    whom the Lord does not keep score.

Do you think for a minute that this blessing is only pronounced over those of us who keep our religious ways and are circumcised? Or do you think it possible that the blessing could be given to those who never even heard of our ways, who were never brought up in the disciplines of God? We all agree, don’t we, that it was by embracing what God did for him that Abraham was declared fit before God?

10-11 Now think: Was that declaration made before or after he was marked by the covenant rite of circumcision? That’s right, before he was marked. That means that he underwent circumcision as evidence and confirmation of what God had done long before to bring him into this acceptable standing with himself, an act of God he had embraced with his whole life.

12 And it means further that Abraham is father of all people who embrace what God does for them while they are still on the “outs” with God, as yet unidentified as God’s, in an “uncircumcised” condition. It is precisely these people in this condition who are called “set right by God and with God”! Abraham is also, of course, father of those who have undergone the religious rite of circumcision not just because of the ritual but because they were willing to live in the risky faith-embrace of God’s action for them, the way Abraham lived long before he was marked by circumcision.

13-15 That famous promise God gave Abraham—that he and his children would possess the earth—was not given because of something Abraham did or would do. It was based on God’s decision to put everything together for him, which Abraham then entered when he believed. If those who get what God gives them only get it by doing everything they are told to do and filling out all the right forms properly signed, that eliminates personal trust completely and turns the promise into an ironclad contract! That’s not a holy promise; that’s a business deal. A contract drawn up by a hard-nosed lawyer and with plenty of fine print only makes sure that you will never be able to collect. But if there is no contract in the first place, simply a promise—and God’s promise at that—you can’t break it.

16 This is why the fulfillment of God’s promise depends entirely on trusting God and his way, and then simply embracing him and what he does. God’s promise arrives as pure gift. That’s the only way everyone can be sure to get in on it, those who keep the religious traditions and those who have never heard of them. For Abraham is father of us all. He is not our racial father—that’s reading the story backward. He is our faith father.

17-18 We call Abraham “father” not because he got God’s attention by living like a saint, but because God made something out of Abraham when he was a nobody. Isn’t that what we’ve always read in Scripture, God saying to Abraham, “I set you up as father of many peoples”? Abraham was first named “father” and then became a father because he dared to trust God to do what only God could do: raise the dead to life, with a word make something out of nothing. When everything was hopeless, Abraham believed anyway, deciding to live not on the basis of what he saw he couldn’t do but on what God said he would do. And so he was made father of a multitude of peoples. God himself said to him, “You’re going to have a big family, Abraham!”

19-25 Abraham didn’t focus on his own impotence and say, “It’s hopeless. This hundred-year-old body could never father a child.” Nor did he survey Sarah’s decades of infertility and give up. He didn’t tiptoe around God’s promise asking cautiously skeptical questions. He plunged into the promise and came up strong, ready for God, sure that God would make good on what he had said. That’s why it is said, “Abraham was declared fit before God by trusting God to set him right.” But it’s not just Abraham; it’s also us! The same thing gets said about us when we embrace and believe the One who brought Jesus to life when the conditions were equally hopeless. The sacrificed Jesus made us fit for God, set us right with God.