Footnotes

1. Luke 13:1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
2. Luke 13:1 sn This is an event that otherwise is unattested, though several events similar to it are noted in Josephus (J. W. 2.9.2-4 [2.169-177]; Ant. 13.13.5 [13.372-73], 18.3.1-2 [18.55-62]; 18.4.1 [18.85-87]). It would have caused a major furor.
3. Luke 13:2 tn Grk “And he.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
4. Luke 13:2 sn Jesus did not want his hearers to think that tragedy was necessarily a judgment on these people because they were worse sinners.
5. Luke 13:3 sn Jesus was stressing that all stand at risk of death, if they do not repent and receive life.
6. Luke 13:3 tn Or “you will all likewise perish,” but this could be misunderstood to mean that they would perish by the same means as the Galileans. Jesus’ point is that apart from repentance all will perish.
7. Luke 13:4 tn Grk “on whom the tower in Siloam fell and killed them.” This relative clause embedded in a prepositional phrase is complex in English and has been simplified to an adjectival and a temporal clause in the translation.
8. Luke 13:4 sn Unlike the previous event, when the tower in Siloam fell on them, it was an accident of fate. It raised the question, however, “Was this a judgment?”
9. Luke 13:5 sn Jesus’ point repeats v. 3. The circumstances make no difference. All must deal with the reality of what death means.
10. Luke 13:5 tn Grk “similarly.”
11. Luke 13:6 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
12. Luke 13:6 tn Grk “he”; the referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
13. Luke 13:6 sn The fig tree is a variation on the picture of a vine as representing the nation; see Isa 5:1-7.
14. Luke 13:7 tn Here δέ (de) has been translated as “so” to indicate the man’s response as a result of the lack of figs in the preceding clause.
15. Luke 13:7 tn Grk “Behold, for.”
16. Luke 13:7 sn The elapsed time could be six years total since planting, since often a fig was given three years before one even started to look for fruit. The point in any case is that enough time had been given to expect fruit.
17. Luke 13:7 tn The phrase “each time I inspect it” is not in the Greek text but has been supplied to indicate the customary nature of the man’s search for fruit.
18. Luke 13:7 tc ‡ Several witnesses (P⁷⁵ A L Θ Ψ 070 ƒ¹³ 33 579 892 al lat co) have “therefore” (οὖν, oun) here. This conjunction has the effect of strengthening the logical connection with the preceding statement but also of reducing the rhetorical power and urgency of the imperative. In light of the slightly greater internal probability of adding a conjunction to an otherwise asyndetic sentence, as well as significant external support for the omission (א B D W ƒ¹ M), the shorter reading appears to be more likely as the earlier wording here. NA²⁸ puts the conjunction in brackets, indicating some doubts as to its authenticity.
19. Luke 13:7 tn Grk “Why indeed.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated.
20. Luke 13:7 sn Such fig trees would deplete the soil, robbing it of nutrients needed by other trees and plants.
21. Luke 13:8 tn Grk “he”; the referent (the worker who tended the vineyard) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
22. Luke 13:8 tn Grk “toss manure [on it].” This is a reference to manure used as fertilizer.
23. Luke 13:9 tn This is a third class condition in the Greek text. The conjunction καί (kai, a component of κάν [kan]) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
24. Luke 13:9 tn Grk “the coming [season].”
25. Luke 13:9 tn The phrase “very well” is supplied in the translation to complete the elided idea, but its absence is telling.
26. Luke 13:9 tn This is a first class condition in the Greek text, showing which of the options is assumed.