⁸ It is the same with these people [^Cthe false teachers; v. 4]. They are guided by dreams ·and make themselves filthy with sin [and live immoral lives/pollute their bodies; or to defile the flesh]. They ·reject [despise] ·God’s authority [^Lauthority] and ·speak against [insult; slander; blaspheme] ·the angels [celestial beings; ^Lglorious ones; 2 Pet. 2:10–11]. ⁹ Not even the archangel Michael [^Ca leader among God’s angels; Dan. 10:13, 21; 12:1; Rev. 12:7], when he ·argued [contended] with the devil ·about who would have [^Labout] the body of Moses, dared to ·judge the devil guilty [^Lbring a slanderous/blasphemous judgment]. Instead, he said, “The Lord ·punish [rebuke] you [^Cprobably a story told in the Testament of Moses, a Jewish writing of the early first century ad].” ¹⁰ But these people ·speak against [slander; blaspheme] things they do not understand [2 Pet. 2:12]. And what they do know, ·by feeling [instinctively], like ·dumb [unreasoning; irrational] animals, are the very things that destroy them.