Eastern Tribes Return Home

22 Then Joshua summoned the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh ² and said to them, “You have done all that Moses the servant of the Lord commanded,^(A) and you have obeyed me in everything I commanded. ³ For a long time now—to this very day—you have not deserted your fellow Israelites but have carried out the mission the Lord your God gave you. ⁴ Now that the Lord your God has given them rest^(B) as he promised, return to your homes^(C) in the land that Moses the servant of the Lord gave you on the other side of the Jordan.^{(D) 5} But be very careful to keep the commandment^(E) and the law that Moses the servant of the Lord gave you: to love the Lord^(F) your God, to walk in obedience to him, to keep his commands,^(G) to hold fast to him and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul.^(H)”

⁶ Then Joshua blessed^(I) them and sent them away, and they went to their homes. ⁷ (To the half-tribe of Manasseh Moses had given land in Bashan,^(J) and to the other half of the tribe Joshua gave land on the west side^(K) of the Jordan along with their fellow Israelites.) When Joshua sent them home, he blessed them,^{(L) 8} saying, “Return to your homes with your great wealth—with large herds of livestock,^(M) with silver, gold, bronze and iron,^(N) and a great quantity of clothing—and divide^(O) the plunder^(P) from your enemies with your fellow Israelites.”

⁹ So the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh left the Israelites at Shiloh^(Q) in Canaan to return to Gilead,^(R) their own land, which they had acquired in accordance with the command of the Lord through Moses.

¹⁰ When they came to Geliloth^(S) near the Jordan in the land of Canaan, the Reubenites, the Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh built an imposing altar^(T) there by the Jordan. ¹¹ And when the Israelites heard that they had built the altar on the border of Canaan at Geliloth near the Jordan on the Israelite side, ¹² the whole assembly of Israel gathered at Shiloh^(U) to go to war against them.

¹³ So the Israelites sent Phinehas^(V) son of Eleazar,^(W) the priest, to the land of Gilead—to Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh. ¹⁴ With him they sent ten of the chief men, one from each of the tribes of Israel, each the head of a family division among the Israelite clans.^(X)

¹⁵ When they went to Gilead—to Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh—they said to them: ¹⁶ “The whole assembly of the Lord says: ‘How could you break faith^(Y) with the God of Israel like this? How could you turn away from the Lord and build yourselves an altar in rebellion^(Z) against him now? ¹⁷ Was not the sin of Peor^(AA) enough for us? Up to this very day we have not cleansed ourselves from that sin, even though a plague fell on the community of the Lord! ¹⁸ And are you now turning away from the Lord?

“‘If you rebel against the Lord today, tomorrow he will be angry with the whole community^(AB) of Israel. ¹⁹ If the land you possess is defiled, come over to the Lord’s land, where the Lord’s tabernacle^(AC) stands, and share the land with us. But do not rebel against the Lord or against us by building an altar^(AD) for yourselves, other than the altar of the Lord our God. ²⁰ When Achan son of Zerah was unfaithful in regard to the devoted things,^[a](AE) did not wrath^(AF) come on the whole community^(AG) of Israel? He was not the only one who died for his sin.’”^(AH)

²¹ Then Reuben, Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh replied to the heads of the clans of Israel: ²² “The Mighty One, God, the Lord! The Mighty One, God,^(AI) the Lord!^(AJ) He knows!^(AK) And let Israel know! If this has been in rebellion or disobedience to the Lord, do not spare us this day. ²³ If we have built our own altar to turn away from the Lord and to offer burnt offerings and grain offerings,^(AL) or to sacrifice fellowship offerings on it, may the Lord himself call us to account.^(AM)

²⁴ “No! We did it for fear that some day your descendants might say to ours, ‘What do you have to do with the Lord, the God of Israel? ²⁵ The Lord has made the Jordan a boundary between us and you—you Reubenites and Gadites! You have no share in the Lord.’ So your descendants might cause ours to stop fearing the Lord.

²⁶ “That is why we said, ‘Let us get ready and build an altar—but not for burnt offerings or sacrifices.’ ²⁷ On the contrary, it is to be a witness^(AN) between us and you and the generations that follow, that we will worship the Lord at his sanctuary with our burnt offerings, sacrifices and fellowship offerings.^(AO) Then in the future your descendants will not be able to say to ours, ‘You have no share in the Lord.’

²⁸ “And we said, ‘If they ever say this to us, or to our descendants, we will answer: Look at the replica of the Lord’s altar, which our ancestors built, not for burnt offerings and sacrifices, but as a witness^(AP) between us and you.’

²⁹ “Far be it from us to rebel^(AQ) against the Lord and turn away from him today by building an altar for burnt offerings, grain offerings and sacrifices, other than the altar of the Lord our God that stands before his tabernacle.^(AR)”

³⁰ When Phinehas the priest and the leaders of the community—the heads of the clans of the Israelites—heard what Reuben, Gad and Manasseh had to say, they were pleased. ³¹ And Phinehas son of Eleazar, the priest, said to Reuben, Gad and Manasseh, “Today we know that the Lord is with us,^(AS) because you have not been unfaithful to the Lord in this matter. Now you have rescued the Israelites from the Lord’s hand.”

³² Then Phinehas son of Eleazar, the priest, and the leaders returned to Canaan from their meeting with the Reubenites and Gadites in Gilead and reported to the Israelites.^{(AT) 33} They were glad to hear the report and praised God.^(AU) And they talked no more about going to war against them to devastate the country where the Reubenites and the Gadites lived.

³⁴ And the Reubenites and the Gadites gave the altar this name: A Witness^(AV) Between Us—that the Lord is God.

Joshua’s Farewell to the Leaders

23 After a long time had passed and the Lord had given Israel rest^(AW) from all their enemies around them, Joshua, by then a very old man,^{(AX) 2} summoned all Israel—their elders,^(AY) leaders, judges and officials^(AZ)—and said to them: “I am very old.^{(BA) 3} You yourselves have seen everything the Lord your God has done to all these nations for your sake; it was the Lord your God who fought for you.^{(BB) 4} Remember how I have allotted^(BC) as an inheritance^(BD) for your tribes all the land of the nations that remain—the nations I conquered—between the Jordan and the Mediterranean Sea^(BE) in the west. ⁵ The Lord your God himself will push them out^(BF) for your sake. He will drive them out^(BG) before you, and you will take possession of their land, as the Lord your God promised you.^(BH)

⁶ “Be very strong; be careful to obey all that is written in the Book of the Law^(BI) of Moses, without turning aside^(BJ) to the right or to the left.^{(BK) 7} Do not associate with these nations that remain among you; do not invoke the names of their gods or swear^(BL) by them. You must not serve them or bow down^(BM) to them. ⁸ But you are to hold fast to the Lord^(BN) your God, as you have until now.

⁹ “The Lord has driven out before you great and powerful nations;^(BO) to this day no one has been able to withstand you.^{(BP) 10} One of you routs a thousand,^(BQ) because the Lord your God fights for you,^(BR) just as he promised. ¹¹ So be very careful^(BS) to love the Lord^(BT) your God.

¹² “But if you turn away and ally yourselves with the survivors of these nations that remain among you and if you intermarry with them^(BU) and associate with them,^{(BV) 13} then you may be sure that the Lord your God will no longer drive out^(BW) these nations before you. Instead, they will become snares^(BX) and traps for you, whips on your backs and thorns in your eyes,^(BY) until you perish from this good land,^(BZ) which the Lord your God has given you.

¹⁴ “Now I am about to go the way of all the earth.^(CA) You know with all your heart and soul that not one of all the good promises the Lord your God gave you has failed. Every promise^(CB) has been fulfilled; not one has failed.^{(CC) 15} But just as all the good things^(CD) the Lord your God has promised you have come to you, so he will bring on you all the evil things^(CE) he has threatened, until the Lord your God has destroyed you^(CF) from this good land he has given you.^{(CG) 16} If you violate the covenant of the Lord your God, which he commanded you, and go and serve other gods and bow down to them, the Lord’s anger will burn against you, and you will quickly perish from the good land he has given you.^(CH)”

The Covenant Renewed at Shechem

24 Then Joshua assembled^(CI) all the tribes of Israel at Shechem.^(CJ) He summoned^(CK) the elders,^(CL) leaders, judges and officials of Israel,^(CM) and they presented themselves before God.

² Joshua said to all the people, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘Long ago your ancestors, including Terah the father of Abraham and Nahor,^(CN) lived beyond the Euphrates River and worshiped other gods.^{(CO) 3} But I took your father Abraham from the land beyond the Euphrates and led him throughout Canaan^(CP) and gave him many descendants.^(CQ) I gave him Isaac,^{(CR) 4} and to Isaac I gave Jacob and Esau.^(CS) I assigned the hill country of Seir^(CT) to Esau, but Jacob and his family went down to Egypt.^(CU)

⁵ “‘Then I sent Moses and Aaron,^(CV) and I afflicted the Egyptians by what I did there, and I brought you out.^{(CW) 6} When I brought your people out of Egypt, you came to the sea,^(CX) and the Egyptians pursued them with chariots and horsemen^[b](CY) as far as the Red Sea.^{[c](CZ) 7} But they cried^(DA) to the Lord for help, and he put darkness^(DB) between you and the Egyptians; he brought the sea over them and covered them.^(DC) You saw with your own eyes what I did to the Egyptians.^(DD) Then you lived in the wilderness for a long time.^(DE)

⁸ “‘I brought you to the land of the Amorites^(DF) who lived east of the Jordan. They fought against you, but I gave them into your hands. I destroyed them from before you, and you took possession of their land.^{(DG) 9} When Balak son of Zippor,^(DH) the king of Moab, prepared to fight against Israel, he sent for Balaam son of Beor^(DI) to put a curse on you.^{(DJ) 10} But I would not listen to Balaam, so he blessed you^(DK) again and again, and I delivered you out of his hand.

¹¹ “‘Then you crossed the Jordan^(DL) and came to Jericho.^(DM) The citizens of Jericho fought against you, as did also the Amorites, Perizzites,^(DN) Canaanites, Hittites, Girgashites, Hivites and Jebusites,^(DO) but I gave them into your hands.^{(DP) 12} I sent the hornet^(DQ) ahead of you, which drove them out^(DR) before you—also the two Amorite kings. You did not do it with your own sword and bow.^{(DS) 13} So I gave you a land^(DT) on which you did not toil and cities you did not build; and you live in them and eat from vineyards and olive groves that you did not plant.’^(DU)

¹⁴ “Now fear the Lord^(DV) and serve him with all faithfulness.^(DW) Throw away the gods^(DX) your ancestors worshiped beyond the Euphrates River and in Egypt,^(DY) and serve the Lord. ¹⁵ But if serving the Lord seems undesirable to you, then choose for yourselves this day whom you will serve, whether the gods your ancestors served beyond the Euphrates, or the gods of the Amorites,^(DZ) in whose land you are living. But as for me and my household,^(EA) we will serve the Lord.”^(EB)

¹⁶ Then the people answered, “Far be it from us to forsake^(EC) the Lord to serve other gods! ¹⁷ It was the Lord our God himself who brought us and our parents up out of Egypt, from that land of slavery,^(ED) and performed those great signs^(EE) before our eyes. He protected us on our entire journey and among all the nations through which we traveled. ¹⁸ And the Lord drove out^(EF) before us all the nations,^(EG) including the Amorites, who lived in the land.^(EH) We too will serve the Lord, because he is our God.^(EI)”

¹⁹ Joshua said to the people, “You are not able to serve the Lord. He is a holy God;^(EJ) he is a jealous God.^(EK) He will not forgive^(EL) your rebellion^(EM) and your sins. ²⁰ If you forsake the Lord^(EN) and serve foreign gods, he will turn^(EO) and bring disaster^(EP) on you and make an end of you,^(EQ) after he has been good to you.”

²¹ But the people said to Joshua, “No! We will serve the Lord.”

²² Then Joshua said, “You are witnesses^(ER) against yourselves that you have chosen^(ES) to serve the Lord.”

“Yes, we are witnesses,^(ET)” they replied.

²³ “Now then,” said Joshua, “throw away the foreign gods^(EU) that are among you and yield your hearts^(EV) to the Lord, the God of Israel.”

²⁴ And the people said to Joshua, “We will serve the Lord our God and obey him.”^(EW)

²⁵ On that day Joshua made a covenant^(EX) for the people, and there at Shechem^(EY) he reaffirmed for them decrees and laws.^{(EZ) 26} And Joshua recorded^(FA) these things in the Book of the Law of God.^(FB) Then he took a large stone^(FC) and set it up there under the oak^(FD) near the holy place of the Lord.

²⁷ “See!” he said to all the people. “This stone^(FE) will be a witness^(FF) against us. It has heard all the words the Lord has said to us. It will be a witness against you if you are untrue^(FG) to your God.”^(FH)

²⁸ Then Joshua dismissed the people, each to their own inheritance.^(FI)

Buried in the Promised Land^(FJ)

²⁹ After these things, Joshua son of Nun, the servant of the Lord, died^(FK) at the age of a hundred and ten.^{(FL) 30} And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath Serah^[d](FM) in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.^(FN)

³¹ Israel served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders^(FO) who outlived him and who had experienced everything the Lord had done for Israel.

³² And Joseph’s bones,^(FP) which the Israelites had brought up from Egypt,^(FQ) were buried at Shechem in the tract of land^(FR) that Jacob bought for a hundred pieces of silver^[e] from the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem. This became the inheritance of Joseph’s descendants.

³³ And Eleazar son of Aaron^(FS) died and was buried at Gibeah,^(FT) which had been allotted to his son Phinehas^(FU) in the hill country^(FV) of Ephraim.

Israel Fights the Remaining Canaanites^(A)

1 After the death^(B) of Joshua, the Israelites asked the Lord, “Who of us is to go up first^(C) to fight against the Canaanites?^(D)”

² The Lord answered, “Judah^(E) shall go up; I have given the land into their hands.^(F)”

³ The men of Judah then said to the Simeonites their fellow Israelites, “Come up with us into the territory allotted to us, to fight against the Canaanites. We in turn will go with you into yours.” So the Simeonites^(G) went with them.

⁴ When Judah attacked, the Lord gave the Canaanites and Perizzites^(H) into their hands, and they struck down ten thousand men at Bezek.^{(I) 5} It was there that they found Adoni-Bezek^(J) and fought against him, putting to rout the Canaanites and Perizzites. ⁶ Adoni-Bezek fled, but they chased him and caught him, and cut off his thumbs and big toes.

⁷ Then Adoni-Bezek said, “Seventy kings with their thumbs and big toes cut off have picked up scraps under my table. Now God has paid me back^(K) for what I did to them.” They brought him to Jerusalem,^(L) and he died there.

⁸ The men of Judah attacked Jerusalem^(M) also and took it. They put the city to the sword and set it on fire.

⁹ After that, Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country,^(N) the Negev^(O) and the western foothills. ¹⁰ They advanced against the Canaanites living in Hebron^(P) (formerly called Kiriath Arba^(Q)) and defeated Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai.^{(R) 11} From there they advanced against the people living in Debir^(S) (formerly called Kiriath Sepher).

¹² And Caleb said, “I will give my daughter Aksah in marriage to the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.” ¹³ Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb’s younger brother, took it; so Caleb gave his daughter Aksah to him in marriage.

¹⁴ One day when she came to Othniel, she urged him^[a] to ask her father for a field. When she got off her donkey, Caleb asked her, “What can I do for you?”

¹⁵ She replied, “Do me a special favor. Since you have given me land in the Negev, give me also springs of water.” So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs.^(T)

¹⁶ The descendants of Moses’ father-in-law,^(U) the Kenite,^(V) went up from the City of Palms^[b](W) with the people of Judah to live among the inhabitants of the Desert of Judah in the Negev near Arad.^(X)

¹⁷ Then the men of Judah went with the Simeonites^(Y) their fellow Israelites and attacked the Canaanites living in Zephath, and they totally destroyed^[c] the city. Therefore it was called Hormah.^{[d](Z) 18} Judah also took^[e] Gaza,^(AA) Ashkelon^(AB) and Ekron—each city with its territory.

¹⁹ The Lord was with^(AC) the men of Judah. They took possession of the hill country,^(AD) but they were unable to drive the people from the plains, because they had chariots fitted with iron.^{(AE) 20} As Moses had promised, Hebron^(AF) was given to Caleb, who drove from it the three sons of Anak.^{(AG) 21} The Benjamites, however, did not drive out^(AH) the Jebusites, who were living in Jerusalem;^(AI) to this day the Jebusites live there with the Benjamites.

²² Now the tribes of Joseph^(AJ) attacked Bethel,^(AK) and the Lord was with them. ²³ When they sent men to spy out Bethel (formerly called Luz),^{(AL) 24} the spies saw a man coming out of the city and they said to him, “Show us how to get into the city and we will see that you are treated well.^(AM)” ²⁵ So he showed them, and they put the city to the sword but spared^(AN) the man and his whole family. ²⁶ He then went to the land of the Hittites,^(AO) where he built a city and called it Luz,^(AP) which is its name to this day.

²⁷ But Manasseh did not^(AQ) drive out the people of Beth Shan or Taanach or Dor^(AR) or Ibleam^(AS) or Megiddo^(AT) and their surrounding settlements, for the Canaanites^(AU) were determined to live in that land. ²⁸ When Israel became strong, they pressed the Canaanites into forced labor but never drove them out completely.^{(AV) 29} Nor did Ephraim^(AW) drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer,^(AX) but the Canaanites continued to live there among them.^{(AY) 30} Neither did Zebulun drive out the Canaanites living in Kitron or Nahalol, so these Canaanites lived among them, but Zebulun did subject them to forced labor. ³¹ Nor did Asher^(AZ) drive out those living in Akko or Sidon^(BA) or Ahlab or Akzib^(BB) or Helbah or Aphek^(BC) or Rehob.^{(BD) 32} The Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land because they did not drive them out. ³³ Neither did Naphtali drive out those living in Beth Shemesh^(BE) or Beth Anath^(BF); but the Naphtalites too lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, and those living in Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath became forced laborers for them. ³⁴ The Amorites^(BG) confined the Danites^(BH) to the hill country, not allowing them to come down into the plain.^{(BI) 35} And the Amorites were determined also to hold out in Mount Heres,^(BJ) Aijalon^(BK) and Shaalbim,^(BL) but when the power of the tribes of Joseph increased, they too were pressed into forced labor. ³⁶ The boundary of the Amorites was from Scorpion Pass^(BM) to Sela^(BN) and beyond.^(BO)

The Angel of the Lord at Bokim

2 The angel of the Lord^(BP) went up from Gilgal^(BQ) to Bokim^(BR) and said, “I brought you up out of Egypt^(BS) and led you into the land I swore to give to your ancestors.^(BT) I said, ‘I will never break my covenant with you,^{(BU) 2} and you shall not make a covenant with the people of this land,^(BV) but you shall break down their altars.^(BW)’ Yet you have disobeyed^(BX) me. Why have you done this? ³ And I have also said, ‘I will not drive them out before you;^(BY) they will become traps^(BZ) for you, and their gods will become snares^(CA) to you.’”

⁴ When the angel of the Lord had spoken these things to all the Israelites, the people wept aloud,^{(CB) 5} and they called that place Bokim.^[f](CC) There they offered sacrifices to the Lord.

Disobedience and Defeat^(CD)

⁶ After Joshua had dismissed the Israelites, they went to take possession of the land, each to their own inheritance. ⁷ The people served the Lord throughout the lifetime of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had seen all the great things the Lord had done for Israel.^(CE)

⁸ Joshua son of Nun,^(CF) the servant of the Lord, died at the age of a hundred and ten. ⁹ And they buried him in the land of his inheritance, at Timnath Heres^[g](CG) in the hill country of Ephraim, north of Mount Gaash.

¹⁰ After that whole generation had been gathered to their ancestors, another generation grew up who knew neither the Lord nor what he had done for Israel.^{(CH) 11} Then the Israelites did evil^(CI) in the eyes of the Lord^(CJ) and served the Baals.^{(CK) 12} They forsook the Lord, the God of their ancestors, who had brought them out of Egypt. They followed and worshiped various gods^(CL) of the peoples around them.^(CM) They aroused^(CN) the Lord’s anger^{(CO) 13} because they forsook^(CP) him and served Baal and the Ashtoreths.^{(CQ) 14} In his anger^(CR) against Israel the Lord gave them into the hands^(CS) of raiders who plundered^(CT) them. He sold them^(CU) into the hands of their enemies all around, whom they were no longer able to resist.^{(CV) 15} Whenever Israel went out to fight, the hand of the Lord was against them^(CW) to defeat them, just as he had sworn to them. They were in great distress.^(CX)

¹⁶ Then the Lord raised up judges,^[h](CY) who saved^(CZ) them out of the hands of these raiders. ¹⁷ Yet they would not listen to their judges but prostituted^(DA) themselves to other gods^(DB) and worshiped them.^(DC) They quickly turned^(DD) from the ways of their ancestors, who had been obedient to the Lord’s commands.^{(DE) 18} Whenever the Lord raised up a judge for them, he was with the judge and saved^(DF) them out of the hands of their enemies as long as the judge lived; for the Lord relented^(DG) because of their groaning^(DH) under those who oppressed and afflicted^(DI) them. ¹⁹ But when the judge died, the people returned to ways even more corrupt^(DJ) than those of their ancestors,^(DK) following other gods and serving and worshiping them.^(DL) They refused to give up their evil practices and stubborn^(DM) ways.

²⁰ Therefore the Lord was very angry^(DN) with Israel and said, “Because this nation has violated the covenant^(DO) I ordained for their ancestors and has not listened to me, ²¹ I will no longer drive out^(DP) before them any of the nations Joshua left when he died. ²² I will use them to test^(DQ) Israel and see whether they will keep the way of the Lord and walk in it as their ancestors did.” ²³ The Lord had allowed those nations to remain; he did not drive them out at once by giving them into the hands of Joshua.^(DR)

The Birth of Samson

13 Again the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord, so the Lord delivered them into the hands of the Philistines^(A) for forty years.^(B)

² A certain man of Zorah,^(C) named Manoah,^(D) from the clan of the Danites,^(E) had a wife who was childless,^(F) unable to give birth. ³ The angel of the Lord^(G) appeared to her^(H) and said, “You are barren and childless, but you are going to become pregnant and give birth to a son.^{(I) 4} Now see to it that you drink no wine or other fermented drink^(J) and that you do not eat anything unclean.^{(K) 5} You will become pregnant and have a son^(L) whose head is never to be touched by a razor^(M) because the boy is to be a Nazirite,^(N) dedicated to God from the womb. He will take the lead^(O) in delivering Israel from the hands of the Philistines.”

⁶ Then the woman went to her husband and told him, “A man of God^(P) came to me. He looked like an angel of God,^(Q) very awesome.^(R) I didn’t ask him where he came from, and he didn’t tell me his name. ⁷ But he said to me, ‘You will become pregnant and have a son. Now then, drink no wine^(S) or other fermented drink^(T) and do not eat anything unclean, because the boy will be a Nazirite of God from the womb until the day of his death.^(U)’”

⁸ Then Manoah^(V) prayed to the Lord: “Pardon your servant, Lord. I beg you to let the man of God^(W) you sent to us come again to teach us how to bring up the boy who is to be born.”

⁹ God heard Manoah, and the angel of God came again to the woman while she was out in the field; but her husband Manoah was not with her. ¹⁰ The woman hurried to tell her husband, “He’s here! The man who appeared to me^(X) the other day!”

¹¹ Manoah got up and followed his wife. When he came to the man, he said, “Are you the man who talked to my wife?”

“I am,” he said.

¹² So Manoah asked him, “When your words are fulfilled, what is to be the rule that governs the boy’s life and work?”

¹³ The angel of the Lord answered, “Your wife must do all that I have told her. ¹⁴ She must not eat anything that comes from the grapevine, nor drink any wine or other fermented drink^(Y) nor eat anything unclean.^(Z) She must do everything I have commanded her.”

¹⁵ Manoah said to the angel of the Lord, “We would like you to stay until we prepare a young goat^(AA) for you.”

¹⁶ The angel of the Lord replied, “Even though you detain me, I will not eat any of your food. But if you prepare a burnt offering,^(AB) offer it to the Lord.” (Manoah did not realize^(AC) that it was the angel of the Lord.)

¹⁷ Then Manoah inquired of the angel of the Lord, “What is your name,^(AD) so that we may honor you when your word comes true?”

¹⁸ He replied, “Why do you ask my name?^(AE) It is beyond understanding.^[a]” ¹⁹ Then Manoah took a young goat, together with the grain offering, and sacrificed it on a rock^(AF) to the Lord. And the Lord did an amazing thing while Manoah and his wife watched: ²⁰ As the flame^(AG) blazed up from the altar toward heaven, the angel of the Lord ascended in the flame. Seeing this, Manoah and his wife fell with their faces to the ground.^{(AH) 21} When the angel of the Lord did not show himself again to Manoah and his wife, Manoah realized^(AI) that it was the angel of the Lord.

²² “We are doomed^(AJ) to die!” he said to his wife. “We have seen^(AK) God!”

²³ But his wife answered, “If the Lord had meant to kill us, he would not have accepted a burnt offering and grain offering from our hands, nor shown us all these things or now told us this.”^(AL)

²⁴ The woman gave birth to a boy and named him Samson.^(AM) He grew^(AN) and the Lord blessed him,^{(AO) 25} and the Spirit of the Lord began to stir^(AP) him while he was in Mahaneh Dan,^(AQ) between Zorah and Eshtaol.

Samson’s Marriage

14 Samson^(AR) went down to Timnah^(AS) and saw there a young Philistine woman. ² When he returned, he said to his father and mother, “I have seen a Philistine woman in Timnah; now get her for me as my wife.”^(AT)

³ His father and mother replied, “Isn’t there an acceptable woman among your relatives or among all our people?^(AU) Must you go to the uncircumcised^(AV) Philistines to get a wife?^(AW)”

But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me. She’s the right one for me.” ⁴ (His parents did not know that this was from the Lord,^(AX) who was seeking an occasion to confront the Philistines;^(AY) for at that time they were ruling over Israel.)^(AZ)

⁵ Samson went down to Timnah together with his father and mother. As they approached the vineyards of Timnah, suddenly a young lion came roaring toward him. ⁶ The Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him^(BA) so that he tore the lion apart^(BB) with his bare hands as he might have torn a young goat. But he told neither his father nor his mother what he had done. ⁷ Then he went down and talked with the woman, and he liked her.

⁸ Some time later, when he went back to marry her, he turned aside to look at the lion’s carcass, and in it he saw a swarm of bees and some honey. ⁹ He scooped out the honey with his hands and ate as he went along. When he rejoined his parents, he gave them some, and they too ate it. But he did not tell them that he had taken the honey from the lion’s carcass.

¹⁰ Now his father went down to see the woman. And there Samson held a feast,^(BC) as was customary for young men. ¹¹ When the people saw him, they chose thirty men to be his companions.

¹² “Let me tell you a riddle,^(BD)” Samson said to them. “If you can give me the answer within the seven days of the feast,^(BE) I will give you thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.^{(BF) 13} If you can’t tell me the answer, you must give me thirty linen garments and thirty sets of clothes.”

“Tell us your riddle,” they said. “Let’s hear it.”

¹⁴ He replied,

For three days they could not give the answer.

¹⁵ On the fourth^[b] day, they said to Samson’s wife, “Coax^(BH) your husband into explaining the riddle for us, or we will burn you and your father’s household to death.^(BI) Did you invite us here to steal our property?”

¹⁶ Then Samson’s wife threw herself on him, sobbing, “You hate me! You don’t really love me.^(BJ) You’ve given my people a riddle, but you haven’t told me the answer.”

“I haven’t even explained it to my father or mother,” he replied, “so why should I explain it to you?” ¹⁷ She cried the whole seven days^(BK) of the feast. So on the seventh day he finally told her, because she continued to press him. She in turn explained the riddle to her people.

¹⁸ Before sunset on the seventh day the men of the town said to him,

Samson said to them,

¹⁹ Then the Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him.^(BM) He went down to Ashkelon,^(BN) struck down thirty of their men, stripped them of everything and gave their clothes to those who had explained the riddle. Burning with anger,^(BO) he returned to his father’s home. ²⁰ And Samson’s wife was given to one of his companions^(BP) who had attended him at the feast.

Samson’s Vengeance on the Philistines

15 Later on, at the time of wheat harvest,^(BQ) Samson^(BR) took a young goat^(BS) and went to visit his wife. He said, “I’m going to my wife’s room.”^(BT) But her father would not let him go in.

² “I was so sure you hated her,” he said, “that I gave her to your companion.^(BU) Isn’t her younger sister more attractive? Take her instead.”

³ Samson said to them, “This time I have a right to get even with the Philistines; I will really harm them.” ⁴ So he went out and caught three hundred foxes^(BV) and tied them tail to tail in pairs. He then fastened a torch^(BW) to every pair of tails, ⁵ lit the torches^(BX) and let the foxes loose in the standing grain of the Philistines. He burned up the shocks^(BY) and standing grain, together with the vineyards and olive groves.

⁶ When the Philistines asked, “Who did this?” they were told, “Samson, the Timnite’s son-in-law, because his wife was given to his companion.^(BZ)”

So the Philistines went up and burned her^(CA) and her father to death.^{(CB) 7} Samson said to them, “Since you’ve acted like this, I swear that I won’t stop until I get my revenge on you.” ⁸ He attacked them viciously and slaughtered many of them. Then he went down and stayed in a cave in the rock^(CC) of Etam.^(CD)

⁹ The Philistines went up and camped in Judah, spreading out near Lehi.^{(CE) 10} The people of Judah asked, “Why have you come to fight us?”

“We have come to take Samson prisoner,” they answered, “to do to him as he did to us.”

¹¹ Then three thousand men from Judah went down to the cave in the rock of Etam and said to Samson, “Don’t you realize that the Philistines are rulers over us?^(CF) What have you done to us?”

He answered, “I merely did to them what they did to me.”

¹² They said to him, “We’ve come to tie you up and hand you over to the Philistines.”

Samson said, “Swear to me^(CG) that you won’t kill me yourselves.”

¹³ “Agreed,” they answered. “We will only tie you up and hand you over to them. We will not kill you.” So they bound him with two new ropes^(CH) and led him up from the rock. ¹⁴ As he approached Lehi,^(CI) the Philistines came toward him shouting. The Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him.^(CJ) The ropes on his arms became like charred flax,^(CK) and the bindings dropped from his hands. ¹⁵ Finding a fresh jawbone of a donkey, he grabbed it and struck down a thousand men.^(CL)

¹⁶ Then Samson said,

¹⁷ When he finished speaking, he threw away the jawbone; and the place was called Ramath Lehi.^[d](CN)

¹⁸ Because he was very thirsty, he cried out to the Lord,^(CO) “You have given your servant this great victory.^(CP) Must I now die of thirst and fall into the hands of the uncircumcised?” ¹⁹ Then God opened up the hollow place in Lehi, and water came out of it. When Samson drank, his strength returned and he revived.^(CQ) So the spring^(CR) was called En Hakkore,^[e] and it is still there in Lehi.

²⁰ Samson led^[f] Israel for twenty years^(CS) in the days of the Philistines.

Samson and Delilah

16 One day Samson^(CT) went to Gaza,^(CU) where he saw a prostitute.^(CV) He went in to spend the night with her. ² The people of Gaza were told, “Samson is here!” So they surrounded the place and lay in wait for him all night at the city gate.^(CW) They made no move during the night, saying, “At dawn^(CX) we’ll kill him.”

³ But Samson lay there only until the middle of the night. Then he got up and took hold of the doors of the city gate, together with the two posts, and tore them loose, bar and all. He lifted them to his shoulders and carried them to the top of the hill that faces Hebron.^(CY)

⁴ Some time later, he fell in love^(CZ) with a woman in the Valley of Sorek whose name was Delilah.^{(DA) 5} The rulers of the Philistines^(DB) went to her and said, “See if you can lure^(DC) him into showing you the secret of his great strength^(DD) and how we can overpower him so we may tie him up and subdue him. Each one of us will give you eleven hundred shekels^[g] of silver.”^(DE)

⁶ So Delilah^(DF) said to Samson, “Tell me the secret of your great strength and how you can be tied up and subdued.”

⁷ Samson answered her, “If anyone ties me with seven fresh bowstrings that have not been dried, I’ll become as weak as any other man.”

⁸ Then the rulers of the Philistines brought her seven fresh bowstrings that had not been dried, and she tied him with them. ⁹ With men hidden in the room,^(DG) she called to him, “Samson, the Philistines are upon you!”^(DH) But he snapped the bowstrings as easily as a piece of string snaps when it comes close to a flame. So the secret of his strength was not discovered.

¹⁰ Then Delilah said to Samson, “You have made a fool of me;^(DI) you lied to me. Come now, tell me how you can be tied.”

¹¹ He said, “If anyone ties me securely with new ropes^(DJ) that have never been used, I’ll become as weak as any other man.”

¹² So Delilah took new ropes and tied him with them. Then, with men hidden in the room, she called to him, “Samson, the Philistines are upon you!”^(DK) But he snapped the ropes off his arms as if they were threads.

¹³ Delilah then said to Samson, “All this time you have been making a fool of me and lying to me. Tell me how you can be tied.”

He replied, “If you weave the seven braids of my head into the fabric on the loom and tighten it with the pin, I’ll become as weak as any other man.” So while he was sleeping, Delilah took the seven braids of his head, wove them into the fabric ¹⁴ and^[h] tightened it with the pin.

Again she called to him, “Samson, the Philistines are upon you!”^(DL) He awoke from his sleep and pulled up the pin and the loom, with the fabric.

¹⁵ Then she said to him, “How can you say, ‘I love you,’^(DM) when you won’t confide in me? This is the third time^(DN) you have made a fool of me and haven’t told me the secret of your great strength.^(DO)” ¹⁶ With such nagging she prodded him day after day until he was sick to death of it.

¹⁷ So he told her everything.^(DP) “No razor has ever been used on my head,” he said, “because I have been a Nazirite^(DQ) dedicated to God from my mother’s womb. If my head were shaved, my strength would leave me, and I would become as weak as any other man.”

¹⁸ When Delilah saw that he had told her everything, she sent word to the rulers of the Philistines^(DR), “Come back once more; he has told me everything.” So the rulers of the Philistines returned with the silver in their hands.^{(DS) 19} After putting him to sleep on her lap, she called for someone to shave off the seven braids of his hair, and so began to subdue him.^[i] And his strength left him.^(DT)

²⁰ Then she called, “Samson, the Philistines are upon you!”^(DU)

He awoke from his sleep and thought, “I’ll go out as before and shake myself free.” But he did not know that the Lord had left him.^(DV)

²¹ Then the Philistines^(DW) seized him, gouged out his eyes^(DX) and took him down to Gaza.^(DY) Binding him with bronze shackles, they set him to grinding grain^(DZ) in the prison. ²² But the hair on his head began to grow again after it had been shaved.

The Death of Samson

²³ Now the rulers of the Philistines assembled to offer a great sacrifice to Dagon^(EA) their god and to celebrate, saying, “Our god has delivered Samson, our enemy, into our hands.”

²⁴ When the people saw him, they praised their god,^(EB) saying,

²⁵ While they were in high spirits,^(ED) they shouted, “Bring out Samson to entertain us.” So they called Samson out of the prison, and he performed for them.

When they stood him among the pillars, ²⁶ Samson said to the servant who held his hand, “Put me where I can feel the pillars that support the temple, so that I may lean against them.” ²⁷ Now the temple was crowded with men and women; all the rulers of the Philistines were there, and on the roof^(EE) were about three thousand men and women watching Samson perform. ²⁸ Then Samson prayed to the Lord,^(EF) “Sovereign Lord, remember me. Please, God, strengthen me just once more, and let me with one blow get revenge^(EG) on the Philistines for my two eyes.” ²⁹ Then Samson reached toward the two central pillars on which the temple stood. Bracing himself against them, his right hand on the one and his left hand on the other, ³⁰ Samson said, “Let me die with the Philistines!” Then he pushed with all his might, and down came the temple on the rulers and all the people in it. Thus he killed many more when he died than while he lived.

³¹ Then his brothers and his father’s whole family went down to get him. They brought him back and buried him between Zorah and Eshtaol in the tomb of Manoah^(EH) his father. He had led^[j](EI) Israel twenty years.^(EJ)

The Birth of Samuel

1 There was a certain man from Ramathaim,^(A) a Zuphite^[a](B) from the hill country^(C) of Ephraim,^(D) whose name was Elkanah^(E) son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite. ² He had two wives;^(F) one was called Hannah and the other Peninnah. Peninnah had children, but Hannah had none.

³ Year after year^(G) this man went up from his town to worship^(H) and sacrifice to the Lord Almighty at Shiloh,^(I) where Hophni and Phinehas, the two sons of Eli,^(J) were priests of the Lord. ⁴ Whenever the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice,^(K) he would give portions of the meat to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.^{(L) 5} But to Hannah he gave a double portion^(M) because he loved her, and the Lord had closed her womb.^{(N) 6} Because the Lord had closed Hannah’s womb, her rival kept provoking her in order to irritate her.^{(O) 7} This went on year after year. Whenever Hannah went up to the house of the Lord, her rival provoked her till she wept and would not eat.^{(P) 8} Her husband Elkanah would say to her, “Hannah, why are you weeping? Why don’t you eat? Why are you downhearted? Don’t I mean more to you than ten sons?^(Q)”

⁹ Once when they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh, Hannah stood up. Now Eli the priest was sitting on his chair by the doorpost of the Lord’s house.^{(R) 10} In her deep anguish^(S) Hannah prayed to the Lord, weeping bitterly. ¹¹ And she made a vow,^(T) saying, “Lord Almighty^(U), if you will only look on your servant’s misery and remember^(V) me, and not forget your servant but give her a son, then I will give him to the Lord for all the days of his life,^(W) and no razor^(X) will ever be used on his head.”

¹² As she kept on praying to the Lord, Eli observed her mouth.