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The Lord Continues: Can You Conquer Leviathan, Job?

41 [a]“Can you pull Leviathan out ⌞of the water⌟ with a fishhook
or tie its tongue down with a rope?
Can you put a ring through its nose
or pierce its jaw with a hook?
Will it plead with you for mercy
or speak tenderly to you?
Will it make an agreement with you
so that you can take it as your permanent slave?
Can you play with it like a bird
or keep it on a leash for your girls?
Will traders bargain over it
and divide it among the merchants?
Can you fill its hide with harpoons
or its head with fishing spears?
Lay your hand on it.
Think of the struggle!
Don’t do it again!
Certainly, any hope ⌞of defeating it⌟ is a false hope.
Doesn’t the sight of it overwhelm you?
10 No one is brave enough to provoke Leviathan.
Then who can stand in front of me? [b]
11 Who can confront me that I should repay him?
Everything under heaven belongs to me!

12 “I will not be silent about Leviathan’s limbs,
its strength, or its graceful form.
13 Who can skin its hide?
Who can approach it with a harness?
14 Who can open its closed mouth?
Its teeth are surrounded by terror.
15 Its back has rows of scales that are tightly sealed.
16 One is so close to the other
that there is no space between them.
17 Each is joined to the other.
They are locked together and inseparable.
18 When Leviathan sneezes, it gives out a flash of light.
Its eyes are like the first rays of the dawn.
19 Flames shoot from its mouth.
Sparks of fire fly from it.
20 Smoke comes from its nostrils
like a boiling pot heated over brushwood.
21 Its breath sets coals on fire,
and a flame pours from its mouth.
22 Strength resides in its neck,
and power dances in front of it.
23 The folds of its flesh stick to each other.
They are solid and cannot be moved.
24 Its chest is solid like a rock,
solid like a millstone.

25 “The mighty are afraid when Leviathan rises.
Broken down, they draw back.
26 A sword may strike it but not pierce it.
Neither will a spear, lance, or dart.
27 It considers iron to be like straw
and bronze to be like rotten wood.
28 An arrow won’t make it run away.
Stones from a sling turn to dust against it.
29 It considers clubs to be like stubble,
and it laughs at a rattling javelin.
30 Its underside is like sharp pieces of broken pottery.
It stretches out like a threshing [c] sledge on the mud.
31 It makes the deep sea boil like a pot.
It stirs up the ocean like a boiling kettle.
32 It leaves a shining path behind it
so that the sea appears to have silvery hair.
33 Nothing on land can compare to it.
It was made fearless.
34 It looks down on all high things.
It is king of everyone who is arrogant.”

Footnotes

  1. 41:1 Job 41:1–34 in English Bibles is Job 40:25–41:26 in the Hebrew Bible.
  2. 41:10 Some Hebrew manuscripts; many Hebrew manuscripts “it.”
  3. 41:30 Threshing   is the process of beating stalks to separate them from the grain.

41 Eternal One: Now let us not stop here.
    What of Leviathan?
    Can you haul it in on the end of a hook
        or strap down its tongue with your line?

In modern times, a leviathan is understood as something large and formidable. It may apply to an abstract entity, such as a totalitarian state, or to an actual monster, such as Captain Nemo’s giant squid. That modern idea is based on an ancient creation myth. Psalm 74 alludes to God’s conquest of Leviathan, a seven-headed monster that breathed fire, before His creation of the world. Leviathan was the master of chaos, living somewhere in the deep along with Rahab, another sea monster. The story goes that God chopped off six of Leviathan’s heads and imprisoned it in the deepest parts of the ocean, where it remains today. Leviathan creeps up occasionally in the Bible as a terrifying adversary, most notably in Revelation where it is described as a dragon or beast that comes up out of the sea and is specifically identified as Satan (Revelation 12:9; 13:1-3). So Leviathan will get another chance to fight God, but once again it will fall to the One who brought divine order to chaos.

    Will you subdue it with a fragile reed through its nose
        or pierce its jaw with a hook?
    Do you imagine it will beg you endlessly for mercy
        or lower its voice to a whisper when speaking to you?
    Will it strike a deal with you
        and enter into your service as a lifelong slave?
    Will you play with it as you would a pet bird
        or put it on a leash for your girls?
    Will traders haggle over its price
        and others seek to divide it up among the merchants?
    Can you fill its hide with harpoons
        or its head with fishing spears?
    If you are able to lay a hand on it,
    You will remember the struggle all of your days,
        and you will never do it again.
    Now look, any expectation you could subdue it will be shattered.
        Just the sight of it is enough to overpower you.
10     No one is fierce enough to dare disturb it.
        So is there anyone in all the earth who dares to stand up to Me?
11     Who could ever confront Me and force Me to repay him?
        Everything and everyone under heaven is Mine![a]

12     I will not be silent regarding Leviathan’s powerful limbs,
        its enormous strength, or its beautiful form.
13     Who can reveal what is under its outer armor covering
        or penetrate down through its double coat of mail?
14     Who can pry open its enormous jaws?
        Remember: its teeth are a terror from every angle.
15     Its back is covered with rows of shields
        that overlap and shut with a tight seal—
16     One against another,
        so close that no wind passes between them.
17     They are joined to one another,
        inseparably locked.
18     When it sneezes, light flashes from its nostrils;
        its eyes are like the rays of the morning sun.
19     Fire streams from its mouth
        as fiery sparks fly outward.
20     Smoke pours from its nostrils
        as from a boiling pot or a brush fire.
21     Its searing breath sets coals ablaze;
        its flaming tongue darts from its mouth.
22     Leviathan’s neck bristles with raw power;
        terror dances before him.
23     The creases in its flesh fuse together:
        firm, fixed, immovable.
24     Its heart is rock hard,
        as hard as a lower millstone, impervious to grinding.
25     When the beast rises up and moves near, the mighty ones shudder in fear;
        when it crashes down, they retreat.
26     The sword that reaches it may strike but to no effect,
        so, too, the spear, the dart, and the lance.
27     For it treats iron as straw
        and bronze as rotten wood.
28     The arrow cannot force its retreat,
        and the stone from the sling shatters on impact.
29     A club is no more dangerous to it than a piece of straw;
        it taunts and laughs at the rattling lance.
30     Its underbelly is as sharp as broken pottery shards;
        it easily dredges a channel in the mud behind it.
31     It brings the deep to a rolling boil like a pot over a hot fire;
        in its course it stirs the sea like a pot of ointment.
32     Behind it, the wake is bright and shining,
        as if the sea has long white hair.
33     Nothing on earth is its equal,
        this creature fashioned without fear.
34     It looks upon all the high and mighty
        this king over the children of pride.

Footnotes

  1. 41:11 Romans 11:35