13 The people (A)did not turn to him who struck them,
    nor inquire of the Lord of hosts.
14 So the Lord cut off from Israel (B)head and tail,
    palm branch and reed in one day—
15 (C)the elder and honored man is the head,
    and (D)the prophet who teaches lies is the tail;
16 for those who guide this people have been leading them astray,
    and those who are guided by them are swallowed up.
17 Therefore the Lord does not (E)rejoice over their young men,
    and has no compassion on their fatherless and widows;
for everyone is (F)godless and an evildoer,
    and every mouth speaks (G)folly.[a]
(H)For all this his anger has not turned away,
    and his hand is stretched out still.

18 For wickedness burns like (I)a fire;
    it consumes briers and thorns;
it kindles the thickets of the forest,
    and they roll upward in a column of smoke.
19 Through the wrath of the Lord of hosts
    the land is scorched,
and (J)the people are like fuel for the fire;
    (K)no one spares another.
20 (L)They slice meat on the right, but are still hungry,
    and they devour on the left, but are not satisfied;
(M)each devours the flesh of his own arm,
21 Manasseh devours Ephraim, and Ephraim devours Manasseh;
    together they are (N)against Judah.
(O)For all this his anger has not turned away,
    and his hand is stretched out still.

10 Woe to those who (P)decree iniquitous decrees,
    and the writers who (Q)keep writing oppression,
to turn aside the needy from justice
    and (R)to rob the poor of my people of their right,
that widows may be their spoil,
    and that they may make the fatherless their prey!
What will you do on (S)the day of punishment,
    in the ruin that will come (T)from afar?
To whom will you flee for help,
    and where will you leave your wealth?
Nothing remains but to crouch among the prisoners
    or fall among the slain.
(U)For all this his anger has not turned away,
    and his hand is stretched out still.

Judgment on Arrogant Assyria

Woe to Assyria, (V)the rod of my anger;
    the staff in their hands is my fury!
Against a (W)godless nation I send him,
    and against the people of my wrath I command him,
to take (X)spoil and seize plunder,
    and to (Y)tread them down like the mire of the streets.
But he (Z)does not so intend,
    and his heart does not so think;
but it is in his heart to destroy,
    and to cut off nations not a few;
for he says:
(AA)“Are not my commanders all kings?
(AB)Is not (AC)Calno like (AD)Carchemish?
    Is not (AE)Hamath like (AF)Arpad?
    (AG)Is not (AH)Samaria like Damascus?
10 As my hand has reached to (AI)the kingdoms of the idols,
    whose carved images were greater than those of Jerusalem and Samaria,
11 shall I not do to Jerusalem and (AJ)her idols
    (AK)as I have done to Samaria and her images?”

12 (AL)When the Lord has finished all his work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, (AM)he[b] will punish the speech[c] of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria and the boastful look in his eyes. 13 (AN)For he says:

“By the strength of my hand I have done it,
    and by my wisdom, for I have understanding;
I remove the boundaries of peoples,
    and plunder their treasures;
    like a bull I bring down those who sit on thrones.
14 My hand has found like a nest
    the wealth of the peoples;
and as one gathers eggs that have been forsaken,
    so I have gathered all the earth;
and there was none that moved a wing
    or opened the mouth or chirped.”

15 Shall (AO)the axe boast over him who hews with it,
    or the saw magnify itself against him who wields it?
As if a rod should wield him who lifts it,
    or as if a staff should lift him who is not wood!
16 Therefore the Lord God of hosts
    will send wasting sickness among his (AP)stout warriors,
and under his glory (AQ)a burning will be kindled,
    like the burning of fire.
17 (AR)The light of Israel will become a fire,
    and (AS)his Holy One a flame,
and (AT)it will burn and devour
    his thorns and briers (AU)in one day.
18 The glory of (AV)his forest and of his (AW)fruitful land
    the Lord will destroy, both soul and body,
    and it will be as when a sick man wastes away.
19 The remnant of the trees of his forest will be so few
    that a child can write them down.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 9:17 Or speaks disgraceful things
  2. Isaiah 10:12 Hebrew I
  3. Isaiah 10:12 Hebrew fruit

13 But the people have not returned(A) to him who struck(B) them,
    nor have they sought(C) the Lord Almighty.
14 So the Lord will cut off from Israel both head and tail,
    both palm branch and reed(D) in a single day;(E)
15 the elders(F) and dignitaries(G) are the head,
    the prophets(H) who teach lies(I) are the tail.
16 Those who guide(J) this people mislead them,
    and those who are guided are led astray.(K)
17 Therefore the Lord will take no pleasure in the young men,(L)
    nor will he pity(M) the fatherless and widows,
for everyone is ungodly(N) and wicked,(O)
    every mouth speaks folly.(P)

Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away,
    his hand is still upraised.(Q)

18 Surely wickedness burns like a fire;(R)
    it consumes briers and thorns,(S)
it sets the forest thickets ablaze,(T)
    so that it rolls upward in a column of smoke.
19 By the wrath(U) of the Lord Almighty
    the land will be scorched(V)
and the people will be fuel for the fire;(W)
    they will not spare one another.(X)
20 On the right they will devour,
    but still be hungry;(Y)
on the left they will eat,(Z)
    but not be satisfied.
Each will feed on the flesh of their own offspring[a]:
21     Manasseh will feed on Ephraim, and Ephraim on Manasseh;(AA)
    together they will turn against Judah.(AB)

Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away,
    his hand is still upraised.(AC)

10 Woe(AD) to those who make unjust laws,
    to those who issue oppressive decrees,(AE)
to deprive(AF) the poor of their rights
    and withhold justice from the oppressed of my people,(AG)
making widows their prey
    and robbing the fatherless.(AH)
What will you do on the day of reckoning,(AI)
    when disaster(AJ) comes from afar?
To whom will you run for help?(AK)
    Where will you leave your riches?
Nothing will remain but to cringe among the captives(AL)
    or fall among the slain.(AM)

Yet for all this, his anger is not turned away,(AN)
    his hand is still upraised.

God’s Judgment on Assyria

“Woe(AO) to the Assyrian,(AP) the rod(AQ) of my anger,
    in whose hand is the club(AR) of my wrath!(AS)
I send him against a godless(AT) nation,
    I dispatch(AU) him against a people who anger me,(AV)
to seize loot and snatch plunder,(AW)
    and to trample(AX) them down like mud in the streets.
But this is not what he intends,(AY)
    this is not what he has in mind;
his purpose is to destroy,
    to put an end to many nations.
‘Are not my commanders(AZ) all kings?’ he says.
    ‘Has not Kalno(BA) fared like Carchemish?(BB)
Is not Hamath(BC) like Arpad,(BD)
    and Samaria(BE) like Damascus?(BF)
10 As my hand seized the kingdoms of the idols,(BG)
    kingdoms whose images excelled those of Jerusalem and Samaria—
11 shall I not deal with Jerusalem and her images
    as I dealt with Samaria and her idols?(BH)’”

12 When the Lord has finished all his work(BI) against Mount Zion(BJ) and Jerusalem, he will say, “I will punish the king of Assyria(BK) for the willful pride(BL) of his heart and the haughty look(BM) in his eyes. 13 For he says:

“‘By the strength of my hand(BN) I have done this,(BO)
    and by my wisdom, because I have understanding.
I removed the boundaries of nations,
    I plundered their treasures;(BP)
    like a mighty one I subdued[b] their kings.(BQ)
14 As one reaches into a nest,(BR)
    so my hand reached for the wealth(BS) of the nations;
as people gather abandoned eggs,
    so I gathered all the countries;(BT)
not one flapped a wing,
    or opened its mouth to chirp.(BU)’”

15 Does the ax raise itself above the person who swings it,
    or the saw boast against the one who uses it?(BV)
As if a rod were to wield the person who lifts it up,
    or a club(BW) brandish the one who is not wood!
16 Therefore, the Lord, the Lord Almighty,
    will send a wasting disease(BX) upon his sturdy warriors;(BY)
under his pomp(BZ) a fire(CA) will be kindled
    like a blazing flame.
17 The Light of Israel will become a fire,(CB)
    their Holy One(CC) a flame;
in a single day it will burn and consume
    his thorns(CD) and his briers.(CE)
18 The splendor of his forests(CF) and fertile fields
    it will completely destroy,(CG)
    as when a sick person wastes away.
19 And the remaining trees of his forests(CH) will be so few(CI)
    that a child could write them down.

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 9:20 Or arm
  2. Isaiah 10:13 Or treasures; / I subdued the mighty,

33 He (A)turns rivers into a desert,
    springs of water into thirsty ground,
34 (B)a fruitful land into a salty waste,
    because of the evil of its inhabitants.
35 He (C)turns a desert into pools of water,
    (D)a parched land into springs of water.
36 And there he lets the hungry dwell,
    and they establish (E)a city to live in;
37 they sow fields and plant vineyards
    and get a fruitful yield.
38 (F)By his blessing they multiply greatly,
    and he does not let their livestock diminish.

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33 He turned rivers into a desert,(A)
    flowing springs(B) into thirsty ground,
34 and fruitful land into a salt waste,(C)
    because of the wickedness of those who lived there.
35 He turned the desert into pools of water(D)
    and the parched ground into flowing springs;(E)
36 there he brought the hungry to live,
    and they founded a city where they could settle.
37 They sowed fields and planted vineyards(F)
    that yielded a fruitful harvest;
38 he blessed them, and their numbers greatly increased,(G)
    and he did not let their herds diminish.(H)

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Sons and Heirs

I mean that the heir, as long as he is a child, is no different from a slave,[a] though he is the owner of everything, but he is under guardians and managers until the date set by his father. In the same way we also, when we were children, (A)were enslaved to the elementary principles[b] of the world. But (B)when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, (C)born (D)of woman, born (E)under the law, (F)to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive (G)adoption as sons. And because you are sons, God has sent (H)the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, “Abba! Father!” So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then (I)an heir through God.

Paul's Concern for the Galatians

Formerly, when you (J)did not know God, you (K)were enslaved to those that by nature (L)are not gods. But now that you have come to know God, or rather (M)to be known by God, (N)how can you turn back again to (O)the weak and worthless elementary principles of the world, whose slaves you want to be once more? 10 (P)You observe days and months and seasons and years! 11 I am afraid (Q)I may have labored over you in vain.

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Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:1 For the contextual rendering of the Greek word doulos, see Preface; also verse 7
  2. Galatians 4:3 Or elemental spirits; also verse 9

What I am saying is that as long as an heir is underage, he is no different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. The heir is subject to guardians and trustees until the time set by his father. So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B) But when the set time had fully come,(C) God sent his Son,(D) born of a woman,(E) born under the law,(F) to redeem(G) those under the law, that we might receive adoption(H) to sonship.[b](I) Because you are his sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son(J) into our hearts,(K) the Spirit who calls out, “Abba,[c] Father.”(L) So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.(M)

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

Formerly, when you did not know God,(N) you were slaves(O) to those who by nature are not gods.(P) But now that you know God—or rather are known by God(Q)—how is it that you are turning back to those weak and miserable forces[d]? Do you wish to be enslaved(R) by them all over again?(S) 10 You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!(T) 11 I fear for you, that somehow I have wasted my efforts on you.(U)

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Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles
  2. Galatians 4:5 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a legal term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture.
  3. Galatians 4:6 Aramaic for Father
  4. Galatians 4:9 Or principles