1 Kings 20-22

New American Standard Bible

War with Aram

20 Now ^(A)Ben-hadad, king of Aram, gathered all his army, ^(B)and there were thirty-two kings with him, and horses and chariots. And he went up and ^(C)besieged Samaria, and fought against it. ² Then he sent messengers to the city to Ahab, king of Israel, and said to him, “This is what Ben-hadad says: ³ ‘Your silver and your gold are mine; your most beautiful wives and children are also mine.’” ⁴ And the king of Israel replied, “As ^[a]you say, my lord, O king; I am yours, as well as all that I have.” ⁵ Then the messengers returned and said, “Ben-hadad says ^[b]this: ‘I did indeed send word to you, saying, “You shall give me your silver, your gold, your wives, and your children”; ⁶ but about this time tomorrow I will send my servants to you, and they will search your house and the houses of your servants; and they will take in their hands everything that is pleasing to your eyes, and take it all away.’”

⁷ Then the king of Israel summoned all the elders of the land and said, “Please be aware and ^(D)see that this man is looking for trouble; for he sent me his demand for my wives, my children, my silver, and my gold, and I did not refuse him.” ⁸ Then all the elders and all the people said to him, “Do not listen nor consent.” ⁹ So he said to the messengers of Ben-hadad, “Tell my lord the king, ‘Everything that you sent as a demand to your servant at the first, I will do; but this thing I cannot do.’” Then the messengers departed, and brought him word again. ¹⁰ Ben-hadad sent word to him and said, “May ^(E)the gods do so to me and more so, ^[c]if the dust of Samaria will be enough for handfuls for all the people who ^[d]follow me.” ¹¹ Then the king of Israel replied, “Tell him, ‘^(F)He who straps on his weapons had better not boast like one who takes them off.’” ¹² And when Ben-hadad heard this message, while ^(G)he was drinking ^[e]with the kings in the ^[f]temporary shelters, he said to his servants, “Take your positions.” So they took their positions against the city.

Ahab Victorious

¹³ Now behold, a prophet approached Ahab king of Israel, and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Have you seen all this great multitude? Behold, ^(H)I am going to hand them over to you today, and ^(I)you shall know that I am the Lord.’” ¹⁴ But Ahab said, “By whom?” So he said, “The Lord says this: ‘By the young men of the leaders of the provinces.’” Then he said, “Who will begin the battle?” And he said, “You will.” ¹⁵ So he mustered the young men of the leaders of the provinces, and there were 232; and after them he mustered all the people, all the sons of Israel: seven thousand.

¹⁶ They went out at noon, while ^(J)Ben-hadad was drinking himself drunk in the ^[g]temporary shelters ^[h]with the thirty-two kings who were helping him. ¹⁷ The young men of the leaders of the provinces went out first; and Ben-hadad sent out scouts, and they reported to him, saying, “Men have come out from Samaria.” ^18 (K)Then he said, “If they have come out ^[i]for peace, take them alive; or if they have come out for war, take them alive as well.”

¹⁹ So these men went out from the city, the young men of the leaders of the provinces, and the army which followed them. ²⁰ And they ^[j]killed, each one, his man; and the Arameans fled and Israel pursued them, and Ben-hadad the king of Aram escaped on a horse with horsemen. ²¹ The king of Israel also went out and struck the horses and chariots, and ^[k]killed the Arameans in a great slaughter.

²² Then ^(L)the prophet approached the king of Israel and said to him, “Go, show yourself courageous and be aware and see what you have to do; for ^(M)at ^[l]the turn of the year the king of Aram will march against you.”

²³ Now the servants of the king of Aram said to him, “^(N)Their gods are gods of the mountains; for that reason they were stronger than we. But let us fight them in the plain, and we will certainly be stronger than they. ²⁴ Carry out this ^[m]plan: remove the kings, each from his place, and put governors in their place, ²⁵ and ^[n]muster an army like the army that you have lost, horse for horse and chariot for chariot. Then we will fight against them in the plain, and we will certainly be stronger than they.” And he listened to their voice and did so.

Another Aramean War

²⁶ So ^(O)at ^[o]the turn of the year Ben-hadad mustered the Arameans and went up to ^(P)Aphek to fight against Israel. ²⁷ And the sons of Israel were mustered and given provisions, and they went to meet them; and the sons of Israel camped opposite them like two little flocks of goats, ^(Q)while the Arameans filled the country. ²⁸ Then ^(R)a man of God approached and spoke to the king of Israel, and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Since the Arameans have said, “^(S)The Lord is a god of mountains, but He is not a god of valleys,” therefore ^(T)I will hand over to you all this great multitude, and you shall know that I am the Lord.’” ²⁹ So they camped, one opposite the other, for seven days. And on the seventh day the battle was joined, and the sons of Israel ^[p]killed of the Arameans a hundred thousand foot soldiers in a single day. ³⁰ But the rest fled to ^(U)Aphek into the city, and the wall fell on twenty-seven thousand men who were left. And Ben-hadad fled and came into the city, going from one ^(V)inner room to another.

³¹ But ^(W)his servants said to him, “Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings. Please let’s ^(X)put sackcloth ^[q]around our waists and ropes on our heads, and go out to the king of Israel; perhaps he will let ^[r]you live.” ³² So ^(Y)they put sackcloth ^[s]around their waists and ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel and said, “^(Z)Your servant Ben-hadad says, ‘Please let ^[t]me live.’” And Ahab said, “Is he still alive? He is my brother.” ³³ Now the men took this as a good omen, and quickly ^[u]accepting it from him, they said, “Your brother Ben-hadad.” Then he said, “Go, bring him.” Then Ben-hadad came out to him, and he had him mount the chariot. ³⁴ And Ben-hadad said to him, “^(AA)The cities which my father took from your father I will restore, and you can make streets for yourself in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria.” Ahab said, “And I will let you go with this covenant.” So he made a covenant with him and let him go.

³⁵ Now a man from ^(AB)the sons of the prophets said to ^[v]another ^(AC)by the word of the Lord, “Please strike me.” But the man refused to strike him. ³⁶ Then he said to him, “Because you have not listened to the voice of the Lord, behold, as soon as you leave me, ^(AD)a lion will ^[w]kill you.” And as soon as he left him a lion found him and ^[x]killed him. ³⁷ Then he found another man and said, “Please strike me.” And the man struck him, ^[y]injuring him. ³⁸ So the prophet departed and waited for the king by the road, and ^(AE)disguised himself with a bandage over his eyes. ³⁹ And as the king passed by, he cried out to the king and said, “Your servant went out into the midst of the battle; and behold, a man turned aside and brought a man to me and said, ‘Guard this man; if for any reason he goes missing, ^(AF)then your life shall be forfeited in place of his life, or else you shall pay a ^[z]talent of silver.’ ⁴⁰ Now while your servant was busy here and there, he disappeared.” And the king of Israel said to him, “So shall your judgment be; you yourself determined it.” ⁴¹ Then he quickly took the bandage away from his eyes, and the king of Israel recognized him, that he was one of the prophets. ⁴² And the prophet said to him, “This is what the Lord says: ‘Since you have let go from your hand the man I had designated for destruction, ^(AG)your ^[aa]life shall be forfeited in place of his ^[ab]life, and your people in place of his people.’” ⁴³ So ^(AH)the king of Israel went to his house sullen and furious, and came to Samaria.

Ahab Covets Naboth’s Vineyard

21 Now it came about after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard which was in ^(AI)Jezreel beside the palace of Ahab, the king of Samaria. ² And Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, “^(AJ)Give me your vineyard so that I may have it for a vegetable garden, because it is close beside my house, and I will give you a better vineyard in place of it; if ^[ac]you prefer, I will give you what ^[ad]it is worth in money.” ³ But Naboth said to Ahab, “The Lord forbid me ^(AK)that I would give you the inheritance of my fathers!” ^4 (AL)So Ahab entered his house sullen and furious because of the ^[ae]answer that Naboth the Jezreelite had given to him, since he said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he lay down on his bed and turned his face away, and ate no ^[af]food.

⁵ But Jezebel his wife came to him and said to him, “How is it that your spirit is so sullen that you are not eating ^[ag]food?” ⁶ So he said to her, “It is because I was speaking to Naboth the Jezreelite and saying to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money; or else, if it pleases you, I will give you a vineyard in place of it.’ But he said, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’” ⁷ Jezebel his wife said to him, “^(AM)Do you now ^[ah]reign over Israel? Arise, eat bread, and let your heart be joyful; I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”

^8 (AN)So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent the letters to ^(AO)the elders and to the nobles who were living with Naboth in his city. ⁹ Now she had written in the letters, saying, “Proclaim a fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people; ¹⁰ and seat two ^(AP)worthless men opposite him, and have them testify against him, saying, ‘^(AQ)You ^[ai]cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and ^(AR)stone him ^[aj]to death.”

Jezebel’s Plot

¹¹ So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived in his city, did just as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent them. ¹² They ^(AS)proclaimed a fast, and seated Naboth at the head of the people. ¹³ Then the two worthless men came in and sat opposite him; and the worthless men testified against him, against Naboth, before the people, saying, “Naboth ^[ak]cursed God and the king.” ^(AT)So they took him outside the city and stoned him ^[al]to death with stones. ¹⁴ Then they sent word to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned and is dead.”

¹⁵ And when Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and was dead, Jezebel said to Ahab, “Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth, the Jezreelite, which he refused to give you for money; for Naboth is not alive, but dead.” ¹⁶ When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, Ahab got up to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it.

¹⁷ Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, ¹⁸ “Arise, go down to meet Ahab king of Israel, ^(AU)who is in Samaria; behold, he is in the vineyard of Naboth, where he has gone down to take possession of it. ¹⁹ And you shall speak to him, saying, ‘This is what the Lord says: “^(AV)Have you murdered and also taken possession?”’ And you shall speak to him, saying, ‘The Lord says this: “^(AW)In the place where the dogs licked up the blood of Naboth, the dogs will lick up your blood, yours as well.”’”

²⁰ Then Ahab said to Elijah, “^(AX)Have you found me, enemy of mine?” And he ^[am]answered, “I have found you, ^(AY)because you have given yourself over to do evil in the sight of the Lord. ²¹ Behold, I am bringing disaster upon you, and I ^(AZ)will utterly sweep you away, and will eliminate from Ahab every male, both ^[an]bond and free in Israel; ²² and ^(BA)I will make your house ^(BB)like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and like the house of Baasha the son of Ahijah, because of the provocation with which you have provoked Me to anger, and because you ^(BC)have misled Israel into sin. ²³ The Lord has also spoken of Jezebel, saying, ‘^(BD)The dogs will eat Jezebel in the ^[ao]territory of Jezreel.’ ^24 (BE)The one belonging to Ahab, who dies in the city, the dogs will eat; and the one who dies in the field, the birds of the sky will eat.”

^25 (BF)There certainly was no one like Ahab who gave himself over to do evil in the sight of the Lord, ^[ap]because Jezebel his wife incited him. ^26 (BG)He also acted very despicably in following idols, ^(BH)conforming to everything that the Amorites had done, whom the Lord drove out from the sons of Israel.

²⁷ Yet it came about, when Ahab heard these words, that ^(BI)he tore his clothes and put ^[aq]on sackcloth and fasted, and he lay in sackcloth and went about despondently. ²⁸ Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah the Tishbite, saying, ²⁹ “Do you see how Ahab has humbled himself before Me? Because he has humbled himself before Me, I will not bring the disaster in his days; I will bring the disaster upon his house ^(BJ)in his son’s days.”

Ahab’s Third Campaign against Aram

22 Now ^[ar]three years passed without war between Aram and Israel. ^2 (BK)In the third year, ^(BL)Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel. ³ Now the king of Israel said to his servants, “Are you aware that ^(BM)Ramoth-gilead belongs to us, yet we are hesitant to take it out of the hand of the king of Aram?” ⁴ So he said to Jehoshaphat, “Will you go to battle with me at Ramoth-gilead?” And Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “^[as](BN)Consider me yours, my people yours, and my horses yours!”

⁵ However, Jehoshaphat said to the king of Israel, “Please request the word of the Lord ^[at]first.” ⁶ So ^(BO)the king of Israel assembled the ^[au]prophets, about four hundred men, and said to them, “Should I go to battle against Ramoth-gilead or should I refrain?” And they said, “Go up, for the Lord will hand it over to the king.” ⁷ But ^(BP)Jehoshaphat said, “Is there no longer a prophet of the Lord here, that we may inquire of him?” ⁸ And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “There is still one man by whom we may inquire of the Lord, but I hate him, because he does not prophesy anything good regarding me, but only bad. He is Micaiah the son of Imlah.” But Jehoshaphat said, “May the king not say so.” ⁹ Then the king of Israel summoned an officer and said, “Bring Micaiah son of Imlah quickly.” ¹⁰ Now the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat the king of Judah were sitting, each on his throne, dressed in their robes, at the threshing floor at the entrance of the gate of Samaria; and ^(BQ)all the prophets were prophesying before them. ¹¹ Then Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah made ^(BR)horns of iron for himself and said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘^(BS)With these you will gore the Arameans until they are destroyed!’” ¹² All the prophets were prophesying this as well, saying, “Go up to Ramoth-gilead and succeed, for the Lord will hand it over to the king.”

Micaiah Predicts Defeat

¹³ Then the messenger who went to summon Micaiah spoke to him saying, “Behold now, the words of the prophets are ^[av]unanimously favorable to the king. Please let your word be like the word of one of them, and speak favorably.” ¹⁴ But Micaiah said, “^(BT)As the Lord lives, whatever ^(BU)the Lord says to me, I shall speak it.”

¹⁵ When he came to the king, the king said to him, “Micaiah, should we go to battle against Ramoth-gilead, or should we refrain?” And he said, “^(BV)Go up and succeed, for the Lord will hand it over to the king!” ¹⁶ Then the king said to him, “How many times must I make you swear that you will tell me nothing but the truth in the name of the Lord?” ¹⁷ So he said,

¹⁸ Then the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “^(BX)Did I not tell you that he would not prophesy anything good regarding me, but only bad?”

¹⁹ And Micaiah said, “Therefore, hear the word of the Lord. ^(BY)I saw the Lord sitting on His throne, and ^(BZ)all the ^[aw]angels of heaven standing by Him on His right and on His left. ²⁰ And the Lord said, ‘Who will ^[ax]entice Ahab to go up and fall at Ramoth-gilead?’ And one spirit said this, while another said that. ²¹ Then a spirit came forward and stood before the Lord, and said, ‘I will ^[ay]entice him.’ ²² And the Lord said to him, ‘How?’ And he said, ‘I will go out and ^(CA)be a deceiving spirit in the mouths of all his prophets.’ Then He said, ‘You shall ^[az]entice him, and you will also prevail. Go and do so.’ ²³ Now then, behold, ^(CB)the Lord has put a deceiving spirit in the mouth of all these prophets of yours; and the Lord has declared disaster against you.”

²⁴ Then ^(CC)Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah approached and struck Micaiah on the cheek; and he said, “^(CD)How did the Spirit of the Lord pass from me to speak to you?” ²⁵ And Micaiah said, “Behold, you are going to see how on that day when you ^(CE)go from one inner room to ^[ba]another trying to hide yourself.” ²⁶ Then the king of Israel said, “Take Micaiah and return him to Amon the governor of the city, and to Joash the king’s son; ²⁷ and say, ‘This is what the king says: “^(CF)Put this man in prison, and feed him enough bread and water to survive until I ^[bb]return safely.”’” ²⁸ But Micaiah said, “^(CG)If you actually return ^[bc]safely, the Lord has not spoken by me.” And he said, “^(CH)Listen, all you people!”

Defeat and Death of Ahab

²⁹ So ^(CI)the king of Israel and Jehoshaphat king of Judah went up against Ramoth-gilead. ³⁰ And the king of Israel said to Jehoshaphat, “^(CJ)I will disguise myself and go into the battle, but you put on your robes.” So the king of Israel disguised himself and went into the battle. ³¹ Now ^(CK)the king of Aram had commanded the thirty-two commanders of his chariots, saying, “Do not fight with the small or great, but only with the king of Israel.” ³² So when the commanders of the chariots saw Jehoshaphat, they said, “Surely he is the king of Israel!” And they turned aside to fight against him, and Jehoshaphat cried out. ³³ Then, when the commanders of the chariots saw that it was not the king of Israel, they turned back from pursuing him.

³⁴ Now one man drew his bow at random and struck the king of Israel ^[bd]in a joint of the armor. So he said to the driver of his chariot, “Turn ^[be]around and take me out of the battle, ^(CL)for I am severely wounded.” ³⁵ The battle ^[bf]raged on that day, and the king was propped up in his chariot in front of the Arameans, and he died at evening, and the blood from the wound ran into the bottom of the chariot. ^36 (CM)Then the word passed throughout the army close to sunset, saying, “Every man to his city, and every man to his ^[bg]country!”

³⁷ So the king died and was brought to Samaria, and they buried the king in Samaria. ³⁸ They washed out the chariot by the pool of Samaria, and the dogs licked up his blood (it was there that the prostitutes bathed themselves) ^(CN)in accordance with the word of the Lord which He had spoken. ³⁹ Now as for the rest of the acts of Ahab and everything that he did, and ^(CO)the ivory house which he built and all the cities which he built, are they not written in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Israel? ⁴⁰ So Ahab ^[bh]lay down with his fathers, and his son Ahaziah became king in his place.

The New Rulers

^41 (CP)Now Jehoshaphat the son of Asa became king over Judah in the fourth year of Ahab king of Israel. ⁴² Jehoshaphat was thirty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned for twenty-five years in Jerusalem. And his mother’s name was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi. ^43 (CQ)He walked ^[bi]entirely in the way of his father Asa; he did not turn aside from it, doing what was right in the sight of the Lord. ^(CR)However, the high places were not taken away; the people still sacrificed and burned incense on the high places. ^44 (CS)Jehoshaphat also made peace with the king of Israel.

⁴⁵ Now as for the rest of the acts of Jehoshaphat, and his might which he showed and how he made war, are they not written ^(CT)in the Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah? ⁴⁶ And the remnant of ^(CU)the cult prostitutes who remained in the days of his father Asa, he eliminated from the land.

⁴⁷ Now ^(CV)there was no king in Edom; a governor served as king. ⁴⁸ Jehoshaphat built ^(CW)ships of Tarshish to go to ^(CX)Ophir for gold, but ^(CY)they did not go, because the ships were destroyed at ^(CZ)Ezion-geber. ⁴⁹ Then Ahaziah the son of Ahab said to Jehoshaphat, “Let my servants go with your servants in the ships.” But Jehoshaphat was not willing. ^50 (DA)And Jehoshaphat ^[bj]lay down with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of his father David, and his son Jehoram became king in his place.

⁵¹ Ahaziah the son of Ahab ^(DB)became king over Israel in Samaria in the seventeenth year of Jehoshaphat king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel for two years. ⁵² He did evil in the sight of the Lord and ^(DC)walked in the way of his father and in the way of his mother, and in the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who misled Israel into sin. ^53 (DD)So he served Baal and worshiped him, and provoked the Lord God of Israel to anger, according to all that his father had done.