Sarah and Hagar: Two Covenants

21 Tell me, those of you who want to be under the law, don’t you hear the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham(A) had two sons, one by a slave(B) and the other by a free woman. 23 But the one by the slave was born according to the impulse of the flesh, while the one by the free woman was born as the result of a promise. 24 These things are illustrations,[a] for the women represent the two covenants. One is from Mount Sinai(C) and bears children into slavery—this is Hagar.(D) 25 Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia(E) and corresponds to the present Jerusalem,(F) for she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem above(G) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:(H)

Rejoice, childless woman,(I)
who does not give birth.
Burst into song and shout,
you who are not in labor,
for the children of the desolate are many,
more numerous than those
of the woman who has a husband.(J)[b]

28 Now you, brothers, like Isaac,(K) are children of promise.(L) 29 But just as then the child born according to the flesh persecuted the one born according to the Spirit,(M) so also now.(N) 30 But what does the Scripture say?

Drive out the slave and her son, for the son of the slave will never be a coheir with the son of the free woman.(O)[c]

31 Therefore, brothers, we are not children of the slave but of the free woman.(P)

Freedom of the Christian

Christ has liberated us to be free. Stand firm(Q) then and don’t submit again to a yoke of slavery.(R) Take note! I, Paul, tell you that if you get yourselves circumcised, Christ will not benefit you at all. Again I testify to every man who gets himself circumcised that he is obligated to keep the entire law. You who are trying to be justified by the law are alienated from Christ; you have fallen from grace.(S) For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly wait(T) for the hope(U) of righteousness. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision accomplishes anything; what matters is faith(V) working through love.(W)

You were running well. Who prevented you from obeying the truth?(X) This persuasion did not come from the One who called you.(Y) A little yeast leavens the whole lump of dough. 10 I have confidence in the Lord you will not accept any other view. But whoever it is that is confusing you will pay the penalty.(Z) 11 Now brothers, if I still preach circumcision, why am I still persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross(AA) has been abolished. 12 I wish those who are disturbing you might also get themselves castrated!

Hagar and Sarah

21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(A) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(B) and the other by the free woman.(C) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(D) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(E)

24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(F) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:

“Be glad, barren woman,
    you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
    you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
    than of her who has a husband.”[a](G)

28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(H) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(I) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(J) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[b](K) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(L) but of the free woman.(M)

Freedom in Christ

It is for freedom that Christ has set us free.(N) Stand firm,(O) then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery.(P)

Mark my words! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised,(Q) Christ will be of no value to you at all. Again I declare to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.(R) You who are trying to be justified by the law(S) have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.(T) For through the Spirit we eagerly await by faith the righteousness for which we hope.(U) For in Christ Jesus(V) neither circumcision nor uncircumcision has any value.(W) The only thing that counts is faith expressing itself through love.(X)

You were running a good race.(Y) Who cut in on you(Z) to keep you from obeying the truth? That kind of persuasion does not come from the one who calls you.(AA) “A little yeast works through the whole batch of dough.”(AB) 10 I am confident(AC) in the Lord that you will take no other view.(AD) The one who is throwing you into confusion,(AE) whoever that may be, will have to pay the penalty. 11 Brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted?(AF) In that case the offense(AG) of the cross has been abolished. 12 As for those agitators,(AH) I wish they would go the whole way and emasculate themselves!

Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
  2. Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10