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Parábola de las águilas y la vid

17 Vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo: Hijo de hombre, propón una figura, y compón una parábola a la casa de Israel. Y dirás: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Una gran águila, de grandes alas y de largos miembros, llena de plumas de diversos colores, vino al Líbano, y tomó el cogollo del cedro. Arrancó el principal de sus renuevos y lo llevó a tierra de mercaderes, y lo puso en una ciudad de comerciantes. Tomó también de la simiente de la tierra, y la puso en un campo bueno para sembrar, la plantó junto a aguas abundantes, la puso como un sauce. Y brotó, y se hizo una vid de mucho ramaje, de poca altura, y sus ramas miraban al águila, y sus raíces estaban debajo de ella; así que se hizo una vid, y arrojó sarmientos y echó mugrones.

Había también otra gran águila, de grandes alas y de muchas plumas; y he aquí que esta vid juntó cerca de ella sus raíces, y extendió hacia ella sus ramas, para ser regada por ella por los surcos de su plantío. En un buen campo, junto a muchas aguas, fue plantada, para que hiciese ramas y diese fruto, y para que fuese vid robusta. Diles: Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: ¿Será prosperada? ¿No arrancará sus raíces, y destruirá su fruto, y se secará? Todas sus hojas lozanas se secarán; y eso sin gran poder ni mucha gente para arrancarla de sus raíces. 10 Y he aquí está plantada; ¿será prosperada? ¿No se secará del todo cuando el viento solano la toque? En los surcos de su verdor se secará.

11 Y vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo: 12 Di ahora a la casa rebelde: ¿No habéis entendido qué significan estas cosas? Diles: He aquí que el rey de Babilonia vino a Jerusalén, y tomó a tu rey y a sus príncipes, y los llevó consigo a Babilonia. 13 Tomó también a uno de la descendencia real e hizo pacto con él, y le hizo prestar juramento; y se llevó consigo a los poderosos de la tierra, 14 para que el reino fuese abatido y no se levantase, a fin de que guardando el pacto, permaneciese en pie. 15 Pero se rebeló contra él,(A) enviando embajadores a Egipto para que le diese caballos y mucha gente. ¿Será prosperado, escapará el que estas cosas hizo? El que rompió el pacto, ¿podrá escapar? 16 Vivo yo, dice Jehová el Señor, que morirá en medio de Babilonia, en el lugar donde habita el rey que le hizo reinar, cuyo juramento menospreció, y cuyo pacto hecho con él rompió. 17 Y ni con gran ejército ni con mucha compañía hará Faraón nada por él en la batalla, cuando se levanten vallados y se edifiquen torres para cortar muchas vidas. 18 Por cuanto menospreció el juramento y quebrantó el pacto, cuando he aquí que había dado su mano, y ha hecho todas estas cosas, no escapará. 19 Por tanto, así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Vivo yo, que el juramento mío que menospreció, y mi pacto que ha quebrantado, lo traeré sobre su misma cabeza. 20 Extenderé sobre él mi red, y será preso en mi lazo, y lo haré venir a Babilonia, y allí entraré en juicio con él por su prevaricación con que contra mí se ha rebelado. 21 Y todos sus fugitivos, con todas sus tropas, caerán a espada, y los que queden serán esparcidos a todos los vientos; y sabréis que yo Jehová he hablado.

22 Así ha dicho Jehová el Señor: Tomaré yo del cogollo de aquel alto cedro, y lo plantaré; del principal de sus renuevos cortaré un tallo, y lo plantaré sobre el monte alto y sublime. 23 En el monte alto de Israel lo plantaré, y alzará ramas, y dará fruto, y se hará magnífico cedro; y habitarán debajo de él todas las aves de toda especie; a la sombra de sus ramas habitarán. 24 Y sabrán todos los árboles del campo que yo Jehová abatí el árbol sublime, levanté el árbol bajo, hice secar el árbol verde, e hice reverdecer el árbol seco. Yo Jehová lo he dicho, y lo haré.

El alma que pecare morirá

18 Vino a mí palabra de Jehová, diciendo: ¿Qué pensáis vosotros, los que usáis este refrán sobre la tierra de Israel, que dice: Los padres comieron las uvas agrias, y los dientes de los hijos tienen la dentera?(B) Vivo yo, dice Jehová el Señor, que nunca más tendréis por qué usar este refrán en Israel. He aquí que todas las almas son mías; como el alma del padre, así el alma del hijo es mía; el alma que pecare, esa morirá.

Y el hombre que fuere justo, e hiciere según el derecho y la justicia; que no comiere sobre los montes, ni alzare sus ojos a los ídolos de la casa de Israel, ni violare la mujer de su prójimo, ni se llegare a la mujer menstruosa, ni oprimiere a ninguno; que al deudor devolviere su prenda, que no cometiere robo, y que diere de su pan al hambriento y cubriere al desnudo con vestido, que no prestare a interés ni tomare usura; que de la maldad retrajere su mano, e hiciere juicio verdadero entre hombre y hombre, en mis ordenanzas caminare, y guardare mis decretos para hacer rectamente, este es justo; este vivirá,(C) dice Jehová el Señor.

10 Mas si engendrare hijo ladrón, derramador de sangre, o que haga alguna cosa de estas, 11 y que no haga las otras, sino que comiere sobre los montes, o violare la mujer de su prójimo, 12 al pobre y menesteroso oprimiere, cometiere robos, no devolviere la prenda, o alzare sus ojos a los ídolos e hiciere abominación, 13 prestare a interés y tomare usura; ¿vivirá este? No vivirá. Todas estas abominaciones hizo; de cierto morirá, su sangre será sobre él.

14 Pero si este engendrare hijo, el cual viere todos los pecados que su padre hizo, y viéndolos no hiciere según ellos; 15 no comiere sobre los montes, ni alzare sus ojos a los ídolos de la casa de Israel; la mujer de su prójimo no violare, 16 ni oprimiere a nadie, la prenda no retuviere, ni cometiere robos; al hambriento diere de su pan, y cubriere con vestido al desnudo; 17 apartare su mano del pobre, interés y usura no recibiere; guardare mis decretos y anduviere en mis ordenanzas; este no morirá por la maldad de su padre; de cierto vivirá. 18 Su padre, por cuanto hizo agravio, despojó violentamente al hermano, e hizo en medio de su pueblo lo que no es bueno, he aquí que él morirá por su maldad.

19 Y si dijereis: ¿Por qué el hijo no llevará el pecado de su padre? Porque el hijo hizo según el derecho y la justicia, guardó todos mis estatutos y los cumplió, de cierto vivirá. 20 El alma que pecare, esa morirá; el hijo no llevará el pecado del padre, ni el padre llevará el pecado del hijo;(D) la justicia del justo será sobre él, y la impiedad del impío será sobre él.

El camino de Dios es justo

(Ez. 33.10-20)

21 Mas el impío, si se apartare de todos sus pecados que hizo, y guardare todos mis estatutos e hiciere según el derecho y la justicia, de cierto vivirá; no morirá. 22 Todas las transgresiones que cometió, no le serán recordadas; en su justicia que hizo vivirá. 23 ¿Quiero yo la muerte del impío? dice Jehová el Señor. ¿No vivirá, si se apartare de sus caminos? 24 Mas si el justo se apartare de su justicia y cometiere maldad, e hiciere conforme a todas las abominaciones que el impío hizo, ¿vivirá él? Ninguna de las justicias que hizo le serán tenidas en cuenta; por su rebelión con que prevaricó, y por el pecado que cometió, por ello morirá.

25 Y si dijereis: No es recto el camino del Señor; oíd ahora, casa de Israel: ¿No es recto mi camino? ¿no son vuestros caminos torcidos? 26 Apartándose el justo de su justicia, y haciendo iniquidad, él morirá por ello; por la iniquidad que hizo, morirá. 27 Y apartándose el impío de su impiedad que hizo, y haciendo según el derecho y la justicia, hará vivir su alma. 28 Porque miró y se apartó de todas sus transgresiones que había cometido, de cierto vivirá; no morirá. 29 Si aún dijere la casa de Israel: No es recto el camino del Señor; ¿no son rectos mis caminos, casa de Israel? Ciertamente, vuestros caminos no son rectos.

30 Por tanto, yo os juzgaré a cada uno según sus caminos, oh casa de Israel, dice Jehová el Señor. Convertíos, y apartaos de todas vuestras transgresiones, y no os será la iniquidad causa de ruina. 31 Echad de vosotros todas vuestras transgresiones con que habéis pecado, y haceos un corazón nuevo y un espíritu nuevo. ¿Por qué moriréis, casa de Israel? 32 Porque no quiero la muerte del que muere, dice Jehová el Señor; convertíos, pues, y viviréis.

Lamentación sobre los príncipes de Israel

19 Y tú, levanta endecha sobre los príncipes de Israel. Dirás: ¡Cómo se echó entre los leones tu madre la leona! Entre los leoncillos crio sus cachorros, e hizo subir uno de sus cachorros; vino a ser leoncillo, y aprendió a arrebatar la presa, y a devorar hombres. Y las naciones oyeron de él; fue tomado en la trampa de ellas, y lo llevaron con grillos a la tierra de Egipto. Viendo ella que había esperado mucho tiempo, y que se perdía su esperanza, tomó otro de sus cachorros, y lo puso por leoncillo. Y él andaba entre los leones; se hizo leoncillo, aprendió a arrebatar la presa, devoró hombres. Saqueó fortalezas, y asoló ciudades; y la tierra fue desolada, y cuanto había en ella, al estruendo de sus rugidos. Arremetieron contra él las gentes de las provincias de alrededor, y extendieron sobre él su red, y en el foso fue apresado. Y lo pusieron en una jaula y lo llevaron con cadenas, y lo llevaron al rey de Babilonia; lo pusieron en las fortalezas, para que su voz no se oyese más sobre los montes de Israel.

10 Tu madre fue como una vid en medio de la viña, plantada junto a las aguas, dando fruto y echando vástagos a causa de las muchas aguas. 11 Y ella tuvo varas fuertes para cetros de reyes; y se elevó su estatura por encima entre las ramas, y fue vista por causa de su altura y la multitud de sus sarmientos. 12 Pero fue arrancada con ira, derribada en tierra, y el viento solano secó su fruto; sus ramas fuertes fueron quebradas y se secaron; las consumió el fuego. 13 Y ahora está plantada en el desierto, en tierra de sequedad y de aridez. 14 Y ha salido fuego de la vara de sus ramas, que ha consumido su fruto, y no ha quedado en ella vara fuerte para cetro de rey.

Endecha es esta, y de endecha servirá.

Parable of Two Eagles and a Vine

17 Now the word of the Lord came to me, saying, “Son of man, ask a riddle and present a (A)parable to the house of Israel, [a]saying, ‘This is what the Lord [b]God says: “A great [c](B)eagle with (C)great wings, long pinions, and a full plumage of many colors came to [d](D)Lebanon and took away the top of the [e]cedar. He broke off the [f]topmost of its young twigs and brought it to a land of merchants; he set it in a [g]city of traders. He also took [h]from the seed of the land and planted [i]it in [j](E)fertile soil, a [k]meadow beside abundant waters; he set it like a (F)willow. Then it sprouted and became a low, spreading vine with its branches turned toward him, but its roots remained under it. So it became a vine and produced shoots and sent out branches.

“But there was [l]another great eagle with great wings and much plumage; and behold, this vine turned its roots toward him and sent out its branches toward him from the beds where it was (G)planted, so that he might water it. It was planted in good [m]soil beside abundant waters, so that it would produce branches and bear fruit, and become a splendid vine.”’ Say, ‘This is what the Lord God says: “Will it thrive? Will he not pull up its roots and cut off its fruit, so that it withers—so that all its sprouting shoots wither? And neither by great [n]strength nor by many people can it be raised from its roots again. 10 Behold, though it is planted, will it thrive? Will it not (H)completely wither as soon as the east wind strikes it—wither on the beds where it grew?”’”

Zedekiah’s Rebellion

11 Moreover, the word of the Lord came to me, saying, 12 “Say now to the (I)rebellious house, ‘Do you not (J)know what these things mean?’ Say, ‘Behold, the (K)king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, took its king and leaders, and brought them to him in Babylon. 13 Then he took one of the royal [o](L)family and made a covenant with him, [p]putting him under (M)oath. He also took away the (N)mighty of the land, 14 so that the kingdom would (O)be humbled, not exalting itself, but keeping his covenant so that it might continue. 15 But [q]he (P)revolted against [r]him by sending his messengers to Egypt so that they might give him horses and many [s]troops. Will he succeed? Will he who does these things (Q)escape? Can he indeed break the covenant and escape? 16 As I live,’ declares the Lord God, ‘In the [t]country of the king who [u]put him on the throne, whose oath he (R)despised and whose covenant he broke, [v](S)in Babylon he shall certainly die. 17 (T)Pharaoh with his mighty army and great contingent will not [w]help him in the war, when they pile up assault ramps and build siege walls to eliminate many lives. 18 Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he [x](U)pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’” 19 Therefore, this is what the Lord God says: “As I live, My oath which he despised and My covenant which he broke, I will certainly [y]inflict on his head. 20 And I will spread My (V)net over him, and he will be (W)caught in My net. Then I will bring him to Babylon and (X)enter into judgment with him there regarding the unfaithful act which he has committed against Me. 21 All the [z](Y)choice men in all his troops will fall by the sword, and the survivors will be scattered to every wind; and you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken.”

22 This is what the Lord God says: “I will also take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar and [aa]set it out; I will break off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it on a (Z)high and lofty mountain. 23 On the high mountain of Israel I will plant it, so that it may bring forth branches and bear fruit, and become a stately (AA)cedar. And [ab]birds of every [ac]kind will [ad]nest under it; they will [ae]nest in the shade of its branches. 24 All the (AB)trees of the field will know that I am the Lord; I bring down the high tree, exalt the low tree, dry up the green tree, and make the dry tree (AC)flourish. I am the Lord; I have spoken, and I will perform it.”

God Deals Justly with Individuals

18 Then the word of the Lord came to me, saying, (AD)What do you people mean by using this proverb about the land of Israel, saying,

(AE)The fathers eat sour grapes,
[af]But it is the children’s teeth that have become blunt’?

As I live,” declares the Lord [ag]God, “you certainly are not going to use this proverb in Israel anymore. Behold, (AF)all [ah]souls are Mine; the [ai]soul of the father as well as the [aj]soul of the son is Mine. The [ak]soul who (AG)sins will die.

“But if a man is righteous and practices justice and righteousness, if he does not (AH)eat at the mountain shrines or (AI)raise his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, or (AJ)defile his neighbor’s wife or approach a woman during her menstrual period— and if a man does not oppress anyone, but (AK)restores to the debtor his pledge, (AL)does not commit robbery, but (AM)gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing, and if he does not [al]lend money at (AN)interest or take [am](AO)interest, if he keeps his hand from injustice and (AP)executes true justice between one person and another, if he walks in (AQ)My statutes and keeps My ordinances so as to deal faithfully—(AR)he is righteous and will certainly (AS)live,” declares the Lord God.

10 “However, he may father a violent son who sheds blood, and does any one of these things to a brother 11 (though he himself did not do any of these things), that is, he even eats at the mountain shrines, and (AT)defiles his neighbor’s wife, 12 oppresses the (AU)poor and needy, (AV)commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, but raises his eyes to the idols and (AW)commits abomination, 13 (AX)lends money at interest and takes [an]interest; will he live? He will not live! He has committed all these abominations, he shall certainly be put to death; his (AY)blood will be on himself.

14 “Now behold, he has fathered a son who saw all his father’s sins which he committed, but he has (AZ)seen them and does not do likewise. 15 He does not eat at the mountain shrines or raise his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel; he has not defiled his neighbor’s wife, 16 nor oppressed anyone, nor retained a pledge, nor committed robbery; instead, he (BA)gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing, 17 he keeps his hand from [ao]the poor, does not take any kind of interest on loans, but executes My ordinances, and walks in My statutes; (BB)he will not die for his father’s guilt, he will certainly live. 18 As for his father, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother, and did what was not good among his people, behold, he will die for his guilt.

19 “Yet you say, ‘(BC)Why should the son not suffer the punishment for the father’s guilt?’ When the son has practiced (BD)justice and righteousness and has kept all My statutes and done them, he shall certainly live. 20 The person who (BE)sins will die. A (BF)son will not suffer the punishment for the father’s guilt, nor will a father suffer the punishment for the son’s guilt; the (BG)righteousness of the righteous will be upon himself, and the wickedness of the wicked will be upon himself.

21 “But if the (BH)wicked person turns from all his sins which he has committed and keeps all My statutes and practices justice and righteousness, he shall certainly live; he shall not die. 22 (BI)All his offenses which he has committed will not be remembered against him; because of his (BJ)righteousness which he has practiced, he will live. 23 (BK)Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked,” declares the Lord God, “[ap]rather than that he would (BL)turn from his ways and live?

24 “But when a righteous person (BM)turns away from his righteousness, commits injustice and does according to all the abominations that the wicked person does, will he live? (BN)All his righteous deeds which he has done will not be remembered for his (BO)treachery which he has committed and his sin which he has committed; for them he will die. 25 Yet you say, ‘(BP)The way of the Lord is not right.’ Hear now, house of Israel! Is (BQ)My way not right? Is it not your ways that are not right? 26 When a righteous person turns away from his righteousness, commits injustice and dies because of it, for his injustice which he has committed he dies. 27 But when a wicked person turns away (BR)from his wickedness which he has committed and practices justice and righteousness, he will save his life. 28 Since he understood and turned away from all his offenses which he had committed, he shall certainly live; he shall not die. 29 But the house of Israel says, ‘The way of the Lord is not right.’ Are My ways not right, house of Israel? Is it not your ways that are not right?

30 “Therefore I will judge you, house of Israel, each according to his conduct,” declares the Lord God. “(BS)Repent and turn away from all your offenses, so that wrongdoing does not become a stumbling block to you. 31 (BT)Hurl away from you all your offenses which you have committed and make yourselves a (BU)new heart and a new spirit! For why should you die, house of Israel? 32 For I take (BV)no pleasure in the death of anyone who dies,” declares the Lord God. “Therefore, repent and live!”

Song of Mourning for the Leaders of Israel

19 “As for you, take up a (BW)song of mourning for the (BX)leaders of Israel and say,

[aq]What was your mother?
A lioness among lions!
She lay down among young lions,
She raised her cubs.
When she brought up one of her cubs,
(BY)He became a young lion,
And he learned to tear his prey;
He devoured people.
Then nations heard about him;
He was caught in their trap,
And they (BZ)brought him with hooks
To the land of Egypt.
When she saw, as she waited,
That her hope was lost,
She took [ar]another of her cubs
And made (CA)him a young lion.
And he (CB)walked about among the lions,
He became a young lion;
He learned to tear his prey;
He devoured people.
He [as]destroyed their [at]palaces
And laid waste their cities;
And the land and its fullness were appalled
Because of the sound of his roaring.
Then (CC)nations set against him
On every side from their provinces,
And they spread their net over him;
He was caught in their trap.
(CD)They put him in a [au]wooden collar with hooks
And (CE)brought him to the king of Babylon;
They brought him in hunting nets
So that his voice would no longer be heard
On the mountains of Israel.
10 Your mother was (CF)like a vine in your [av]vineyard,
Planted by the waters;
It was fruitful and thick with branches
Because of abundant waters.
11 And it had [aw](CG)strong stems fit for scepters of rulers,
And its (CH)height was raised above the clouds
So that it was seen in its height with the mass of its branches.
12 But it was (CI)uprooted in fury;
It was (CJ)thrown down to the ground;
And the (CK)east wind dried up its fruit.
[ax]Its (CL)strong stem [ay]was torn out
So that [az]it withered;
The fire consumed it.
13 And now it is planted in the (CM)wilderness,
In a dry and thirsty land.
14 And (CN)fire has gone out from its stem;
It has consumed its shoots and fruit,
So that there is no [ba]strong stem in it,
A scepter to rule.’”

This is a song of mourning, and has become a song of mourning.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 17:3 Lit and you shall say
  2. Ezekiel 17:3 Heb YHWH, usually rendered Lord, and so throughout the ch
  3. Ezekiel 17:3 I.e., Nebuchadnezzar
  4. Ezekiel 17:3 I.e., Jerusalem
  5. Ezekiel 17:3 I.e., the line of David
  6. Ezekiel 17:4 I.e., King Jehoiachin and the leaders
  7. Ezekiel 17:4 I.e., Babylon
  8. Ezekiel 17:5 I.e., Zedekiah
  9. Ezekiel 17:5 I.e., Zedekiah
  10. Ezekiel 17:5 Lit a field of seed
  11. Ezekiel 17:5 Or plant
  12. Ezekiel 17:7 As in several ancient versions; MT one
  13. Ezekiel 17:8 Lit field
  14. Ezekiel 17:9 Lit arm
  15. Ezekiel 17:13 Lit seed
  16. Ezekiel 17:13 Lit and caused him to enter into an oath
  17. Ezekiel 17:15 I.e., Zedekiah
  18. Ezekiel 17:15 I.e., Nebuchadnezzar
  19. Ezekiel 17:15 Lit people
  20. Ezekiel 17:16 Lit place
  21. Ezekiel 17:16 Lit made him king
  22. Ezekiel 17:16 Lit with him in Babylon
  23. Ezekiel 17:17 Lit act with
  24. Ezekiel 17:18 Lit gave his hand
  25. Ezekiel 17:19 Lit give it
  26. Ezekiel 17:21 As in many mss and ancient versions; MT refugees
  27. Ezekiel 17:22 Lit give
  28. Ezekiel 17:23 Lit every bird
  29. Ezekiel 17:23 Lit wing
  30. Ezekiel 17:23 Lit dwell
  31. Ezekiel 17:23 Lit dwell
  32. Ezekiel 18:2 Lit I.e., the children suffer for the fathers’ sins
  33. Ezekiel 18:3 Heb YHWH, usually rendered Lord, and so throughout the ch
  34. Ezekiel 18:4 Or lives
  35. Ezekiel 18:4 Or life
  36. Ezekiel 18:4 Or life
  37. Ezekiel 18:4 Or person
  38. Ezekiel 18:8 Lit give
  39. Ezekiel 18:8 Or usury, and so throughout the ch; i.e., on other kinds of loans
  40. Ezekiel 18:13 I.e., on other kinds of loans
  41. Ezekiel 18:17 As in MT; LXX injustice
  42. Ezekiel 18:23 Lit is it not
  43. Ezekiel 19:2 Or Why did your mother, a lioness, lie down among lions; among young lions rear her cubs?
  44. Ezekiel 19:5 Lit one
  45. Ezekiel 19:7 As in Targum; MT knew
  46. Ezekiel 19:7 Or widows
  47. Ezekiel 19:9 Or iron
  48. Ezekiel 19:10 As in some mss; MT blood
  49. Ezekiel 19:11 Lit stems of strength
  50. Ezekiel 19:12 Lit The stem of her strength
  51. Ezekiel 19:12 As in LXX; MT were
  52. Ezekiel 19:12 As in LXX; MT they
  53. Ezekiel 19:14 Lit stem of strength