Water Turned into Blood

14 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is [a]stubborn; he refuses to let the people go. 15 Go to Pharaoh in the morning [b]just as (A)he is going out to the water, and position yourself to meet him on the bank of the Nile; and you shall take in your hand (B)the staff that was turned into a serpent. 16 And (C)you shall say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, sent me to you, saying, “(D)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me in the wilderness. But behold, you have not listened up to now.” 17 This is what the Lord says: “(E)By this you shall know that I am the Lord: behold, I am going to strike [c]the water that is in the Nile with the staff that is in my hand, and (F)it will be turned into blood. 18 Then (G)the fish that are in the Nile will die, the Nile will stink, and the Egyptians will [d](H)no longer be able to drink water from the Nile.”’” 19 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and (I)extend your hand over the waters of Egypt, over their rivers, over their [e]streams, over their pools, and over all their reservoirs of water, so that they may become blood; and there will be blood through all the land of Egypt, both in containers of wood and in containers of stone.’”

20 So Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded. And he lifted up [f](J)the staff and struck the water that was in the Nile in the sight of Pharaoh and in the sight of his servants; and (K)all the water that was in the Nile was turned into blood. 21 Then the fish that were in the Nile died, and the Nile stank, so that the Egyptians could not drink water from the Nile. And the blood was through all the land of Egypt. 22 (L)But the soothsayer priests of Egypt did the same with their secret arts; and Pharaoh’s heart was [g]hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said. 23 Then Pharaoh turned and went into his house [h]with no concern even for this. 24 So all the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink, because they could not drink from the water of the Nile. 25 Seven days [i]passed after the Lord had struck the Nile.

Frogs over the Land

[j]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “(M)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. But if you refuse to let them go, behold, I am going to strike your entire territory with frogs. The Nile will (N)swarm with frogs, which will come up and go into your house, and into your bedroom and on your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls. So the frogs will come up on you, your people, and on all your servants.”’” [k]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘(O)Extend your hand with your staff over the rivers, over the [l]streams, and over the pools, and make frogs come up on the land of Egypt.’” So Aaron extended his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the [m](P)frogs came up and covered the land of Egypt. However, (Q)the soothsayer priests did the same with their secret arts, [n]making frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

Then Pharaoh (R)called for Moses and Aaron and said, “(S)Plead with the Lord [o]to remove the frogs from me and from my people; and (T)I will let the people go, so that they may sacrifice to the Lord.” And Moses said to Pharaoh, “[p]The honor is yours to tell me: when shall I plead for you and your servants and your people, [q]that the frogs be destroyed from you and your houses, that they be left only in the Nile?”

10 Then he said, “Tomorrow.” So he said, “May it be according to your word, so that you may know that there is (U)no one like the Lord our God. 11 The (V)frogs will depart from you and your houses, and from your servants and your people; they will be left only in the Nile.” 12 Then Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, and (W)Moses cried out to the Lord concerning the frogs which He had [r]inflicted upon Pharaoh. 13 The Lord did according to the word of Moses, and the frogs died out of the houses, the courtyards, and the fields. 14 So they piled them in heaps, and the land stank. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief, he [s]hardened his heart and (X)did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Insects

16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Say to Aaron, ‘Extend your staff and strike the dust of the earth, so that it may turn into [t]gnats through all the land of Egypt.’” 17 They did so; and Aaron extended his hand with his staff and struck the dust of the earth, and there were [u]gnats on every [v]person and animal. All the dust of the earth turned into [w](Y)gnats through all the land of Egypt. 18 The soothsayer priests tried with their secret arts to produce [x]gnats, but (Z)they could not; so there were [y]gnats on every person and animal. 19 Then the soothsayer priests said to Pharaoh, “(AA)This is the finger of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart was [z]hardened, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had said.

20 Then the Lord said to Moses, “(AB)Rise early in the morning and present yourself before Pharaoh, [aa]as (AC)he comes out to the water; and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: “(AD)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. 21 For if you are not going to let My people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies on you and on your servants and on your people, and into your houses; and the houses of the Egyptians will be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground on which they live. 22 (AE)But on that day I will set apart the land of Goshen, where My people are [ab]living, so that no swarms of flies will be there, in order that you may know that [ac](AF)I, the Lord, am in the midst of the land. 23 I will [ad]put a division between My people and your people. Tomorrow this sign will occur.”’” 24 Then the Lord did so. And [ae]thick swarms of flies entered the house of Pharaoh and the houses of his servants, and the land was (AG)laid waste because of the swarms of flies in all the land of Egypt.

25 Then Pharaoh (AH)called for Moses and Aaron and said, “(AI)Go, sacrifice to your God within the land.” 26 But Moses said, “It is not permissible for us to do so, because we will sacrifice to the Lord our God [af]that which is (AJ)an abomination to the Egyptians. If we sacrifice [ag]that which is an abomination to the Egyptians before their eyes, will they not stone us? 27 We must go a (AK)three days’ journey into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God, just as He [ah]commands us.” 28 Pharaoh said, “(AL)I will let you go, so that you may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only you shall not go very far away. (AM)Plead for me.” 29 Then Moses said, “Behold, I am going to leave you, and I will plead with the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people tomorrow; only do not let Pharaoh (AN)deal deceitfully again in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.”

30 So (AO)Moses left Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. 31 The Lord did [ai]as Moses asked, and removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; not one remained. 32 But Pharaoh [aj]hardened his heart this time also, and (AP)he did not let the people go.

Egyptian Livestock Die

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and speak to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “(AQ)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. For (AR)if you refuse to let them go and [ak]continue to hold them, behold, (AS)the hand of the Lord [al]will come with a very severe plague on your livestock which are in the field, on the horses, on the donkeys, on the camels, on the herds, and on the flocks. (AT)But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that (AU)nothing will die of all that belongs to the sons of Israel.”’” And the Lord set a definite time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.” So the Lord did this thing on the next day, and (AV)all the livestock of Egypt died; (AW)but not one of the livestock of the sons of Israel died. And Pharaoh sent men, and they learned that, behold, not even one of the livestock of Israel was dead. But (AX)the heart of Pharaoh was [am]hardened, and he did not let the people go.

The Plague of Boils

Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take for yourselves handfuls of soot from a kiln, and Moses shall toss it toward the sky in the sight of Pharaoh. Then it will become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and will turn into (AY)boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal through all the land of Egypt.” 10 So they took soot from a kiln, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses tossed it toward the sky, and it became boils breaking out with sores on every person and animal. 11 (AZ)The soothsayer priests could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the soothsayer priests as well as on all the Egyptians. 12 But (BA)the Lord [an]hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not listen to them, just as the Lord had spoken to Moses.

13 Then the Lord said to Moses, “(BB)Rise up early in the morning and stand before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews says: “(BC)Let My people go, so that they may serve Me. 14 For this time I am going to send all My plagues [ao]on you and your servants and your people, so that (BD)you may know that there is no one like Me in all the earth. 15 For had I now put out My hand and struck you and your people with plague, you would then have been eliminated from the earth. 16 But indeed, (BE)for this reason I have allowed you to [ap]remain, in order to show you My power and in order to proclaim My name throughout the earth. 17 Still you exalt yourself against My people [aq]by not letting them go.

The Plague of Hail

18 Behold, about this time tomorrow, (BF)I will [ar]send a very heavy hail, such as has not been seen in Egypt from the day it was founded [as]until now. 19 So now, send word, bring (BG)your livestock and whatever you have in the field to safety. (BH)Every person and animal that is found in the field and is not brought home, when the hail comes down on them, will die.”’” 20 (BI)Everyone among the servants of Pharaoh who [at]feared the word of the Lord hurried to bring his servants and his livestock into the houses; 21 but everyone who [au]did not pay regard to the word of the Lord [av]left his servants and his livestock in the field.

22 Now the Lord said to Moses, “Reach out with your hand toward the sky, so that [aw](BJ)hail may fall on all the land of Egypt, on every person and animal, and on every plant of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.” 23 So Moses reached out with his staff toward the sky, and the Lord [ax]sent [ay]thunder and (BK)hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt. 24 So there was hail, and fire flashing intermittently in the midst of the hail, which was very heavy, such as had not occurred in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. 25 (BL)The hail struck everything that was in the field through all the land of Egypt, from people to animals; the hail also struck every plant of the field, and shattered every tree of the field. 26 (BM)Only in the land of Goshen, where the sons of Israel were, was there no hail.

27 Then Pharaoh [az](BN)sent for Moses and Aaron, and said to them, “(BO)I have sinned this time; the Lord is the righteous one, and I and my people are the wicked ones. 28 (BP)Plead with the Lord, for there has been enough of God’s [ba]thunder and hail; and (BQ)I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.” 29 Moses said to him, “As soon as I go out of the city, I will (BR)spread out my [bb]hands to the Lord; the [bc]thunder will cease and there will no longer be hail, so that you may know that (BS)the earth is the Lords. 30 (BT)But as for you and your servants, I know that (BU)you do not yet [bd]fear [be]the Lord God.” 31 (Now the flax and the (BV)barley were [bf]ruined, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud. 32 But the wheat and the spelt were not [bg]ruined, for they ripen late.) 33 (BW)So Moses left the city from his meeting with Pharaoh, and spread out his [bh]hands to the Lord; and the [bi]thunder and the hail stopped, and rain [bj]no longer poured on the earth. 34 But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the [bk]thunder had stopped, he sinned again and [bl]hardened his heart, he and his servants. 35 So Pharaoh’s heart was [bm]hardened, and he did not let the sons of Israel go, just as the (BX)Lord had spoken through Moses.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 7:14 Or hard; lit heavy
  2. Exodus 7:15 Lit behold
  3. Exodus 7:17 Lit upon the waters
  4. Exodus 7:18 Lit be weary of
  5. Exodus 7:19 Or canals
  6. Exodus 7:20 Lit with the staff
  7. Exodus 7:22 Lit strong
  8. Exodus 7:23 Lit and he did not set his heart even to this
  9. Exodus 7:25 Lit were fulfilled
  10. Exodus 8:1 Ch 7:26 in Heb
  11. Exodus 8:5 Ch 8:1 in Heb
  12. Exodus 8:5 Or canals
  13. Exodus 8:6 Lit frog
  14. Exodus 8:7 Lit and made
  15. Exodus 8:8 Lit that He remove
  16. Exodus 8:9 Lit Glory over me
  17. Exodus 8:9 Lit cut off the frogs from
  18. Exodus 8:12 Lit placed
  19. Exodus 8:15 Lit made heavy
  20. Exodus 8:16 Or lice
  21. Exodus 8:17 Or lice
  22. Exodus 8:17 I.e., Egyptians and their livestock
  23. Exodus 8:17 Or lice
  24. Exodus 8:18 Or lice
  25. Exodus 8:18 Or lice
  26. Exodus 8:19 Lit strong
  27. Exodus 8:20 Lit behold
  28. Exodus 8:22 Lit standing
  29. Exodus 8:22 Or I am the Lord in the midst of the earth
  30. Exodus 8:23 Lit set a ransom
  31. Exodus 8:24 Lit heavy
  32. Exodus 8:26 Lit the abomination of Egypt
  33. Exodus 8:26 Lit the abomination of Egypt
  34. Exodus 8:27 Lit says to us
  35. Exodus 8:31 Lit according to the word of Moses
  36. Exodus 8:32 Lit made heavy
  37. Exodus 9:2 Lit still hold
  38. Exodus 9:3 Lit will be
  39. Exodus 9:7 Lit heavy
  40. Exodus 9:12 Lit made strong
  41. Exodus 9:14 Lit to your heart
  42. Exodus 9:16 Lit stand
  43. Exodus 9:17 Lit so as not to let
  44. Exodus 9:18 Lit cause to rain
  45. Exodus 9:18 Lit and until now
  46. Exodus 9:20 Or revered
  47. Exodus 9:21 Lit did not set his heart to
  48. Exodus 9:21 Lit then left
  49. Exodus 9:22 Lit there may be hail
  50. Exodus 9:23 Lit gave
  51. Exodus 9:23 Lit sounds
  52. Exodus 9:27 Lit sent and called
  53. Exodus 9:28 Lit sounds
  54. Exodus 9:29 Lit palms
  55. Exodus 9:29 Lit sounds
  56. Exodus 9:30 Or revere
  57. Exodus 9:30 Lit before the Lord
  58. Exodus 9:31 Lit struck
  59. Exodus 9:32 Lit struck
  60. Exodus 9:33 Lit palms
  61. Exodus 9:33 Lit sounds
  62. Exodus 9:33 Lit was not poured
  63. Exodus 9:34 Lit sounds
  64. Exodus 9:34 Lit made heavy
  65. Exodus 9:35 Lit strong

The Plague of Blood

14 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding;(A) he refuses to let the people go. 15 Go to Pharaoh in the morning as he goes out to the river.(B) Confront him on the bank of the Nile,(C) and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake. 16 Then say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship(D) me in the wilderness. But until now you have not listened.(E) 17 This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord:(F) With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood.(G) 18 The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink;(H) the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’”(I)

19 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff(J) and stretch out your hand(K) over the waters of Egypt—over the streams and canals, over the ponds and all the reservoirs—and they will turn to blood.’ Blood will be everywhere in Egypt, even in vessels[a] of wood and stone.”

20 Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded.(L) He raised his staff in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials and struck the water of the Nile,(M) and all the water was changed into blood.(N) 21 The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. Blood was everywhere in Egypt.

22 But the Egyptian magicians(O) did the same things by their secret arts,(P) and Pharaoh’s heart(Q) became hard; he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said. 23 Instead, he turned and went into his palace, and did not take even this to heart. 24 And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile to get drinking water(R), because they could not drink the water of the river.

The Plague of Frogs

25 Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile. [b]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(S) me. If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs(T) on your whole country. The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people,(U) and into your ovens and kneading troughs.(V) The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff(W) over the streams and canals and ponds, and make frogs(X) come up on the land of Egypt.’”

So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs(Y) came up and covered the land. But the magicians did the same things by their secret arts;(Z) they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray(AA) to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices(AB) to the Lord.”

Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time(AC) for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.”

10 “Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.

Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that you may know there is no one like the Lord our God.(AD) 11 The frogs will leave you and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

12 After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. 13 And the Lord did what Moses asked.(AE) The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. 14 They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them. 15 But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief,(AF) he hardened his heart(AG) and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Gnats

16 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff(AH) and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” 17 They did this, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats(AI) came on people and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats. 18 But when the magicians(AJ) tried to produce gnats by their secret arts,(AK) they could not.

Since the gnats were on people and animals everywhere, 19 the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger(AL) of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart(AM) was hard and he would not listen,(AN) just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Flies

20 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning(AO) and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the river and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(AP) me. 21 If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them.

22 “‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen,(AQ) where my people live;(AR) no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know(AS) that I, the Lord, am in this land. 23 I will make a distinction[c] between my people and your people.(AT) This sign will occur tomorrow.’”

24 And the Lord did this. Dense swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials; throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.(AU)

25 Then Pharaoh summoned(AV) Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”

26 But Moses said, “That would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians.(AW) And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us? 27 We must take a three-day journey(AX) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices(AY) to the Lord our God, as he commands us.”

28 Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray(AZ) for me.”

29 Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I will pray to the Lord, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials and his people. Only let Pharaoh be sure that he does not act deceitfully(BA) again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.”

30 Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord,(BB) 31 and the Lord did what Moses asked. The flies left Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not a fly remained. 32 But this time also Pharaoh hardened his heart(BC) and would not let the people go.

The Plague on Livestock

Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, so that they may worship(BD) me.” If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them back, the hand(BE) of the Lord will bring a terrible plague(BF) on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt,(BG) so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”

The Lord set a time and said, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this in the land.” And the next day the Lord did it: All the livestock(BH) of the Egyptians died,(BI) but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. Pharaoh investigated and found that not even one of the animals of the Israelites had died. Yet his heart(BJ) was unyielding and he would not let the people go.(BK)

The Plague of Boils

Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence of Pharaoh. It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, and festering boils(BL) will break out on people and animals throughout the land.”

10 So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. 11 The magicians(BM) could not stand before Moses because of the boils that were on them and on all the Egyptians. 12 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart(BN) and he would not listen(BO) to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said to Moses.

The Plague of Hail

13 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship(BP) me, 14 or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know(BQ) that there is no one like(BR) me in all the earth. 15 For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people(BS) with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. 16 But I have raised you up[d] for this very purpose,(BT) that I might show you my power(BU) and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. 17 You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. 18 Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm(BV) that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now.(BW) 19 Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every person and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’”

20 Those officials of Pharaoh who feared(BX) the word of the Lord hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. 21 But those who ignored(BY) the word of the Lord left their slaves and livestock in the field.

22 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt—on people and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.” 23 When Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder(BZ) and hail,(CA) and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt; 24 hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.(CB) 25 Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields—both people and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped every tree.(CC) 26 The only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen,(CD) where the Israelites were.(CE)

27 Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,”(CF) he said to them. “The Lord is in the right,(CG) and I and my people are in the wrong. 28 Pray(CH) to the Lord, for we have had enough thunder and hail. I will let you go;(CI) you don’t have to stay any longer.”

29 Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands(CJ) in prayer to the Lord. The thunder will stop and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth(CK) is the Lord’s. 30 But I know that you and your officials still do not fear(CL) the Lord God.”

31 (The flax and barley(CM) were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom. 32 The wheat and spelt,(CN) however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later.)

33 Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city. He spread out his hands toward the Lord; the thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the land. 34 When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and his officials hardened their hearts. 35 So Pharaoh’s heart(CO) was hard and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord had said through Moses.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 7:19 Or even on their idols
  2. Exodus 8:1 In Hebrew texts 8:1-4 is numbered 7:26-29, and 8:5-32 is numbered 8:1-28.
  3. Exodus 8:23 Septuagint and Vulgate; Hebrew will put a deliverance
  4. Exodus 9:16 Or have spared you