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The Law concerning Violence

12 Whoever strikes a person mortally shall be put to death. 13 If it was not premeditated, but came about by an act of God, then I will appoint for you a place to which the killer may flee. 14 But if someone wilfully attacks and kills another by treachery, you shall take the killer from my altar for execution.

15 Whoever strikes father or mother shall be put to death.

16 Whoever kidnaps a person, whether that person has been sold or is still held in possession, shall be put to death.

17 Whoever curses father or mother shall be put to death.

18 When individuals quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone or fist so that the injured party, though not dead, is confined to bed, 19 but recovers and walks around outside with the help of a staff, then the assailant shall be free of liability, except to pay for the loss of time, and to arrange for full recovery.

20 When a slave-owner strikes a male or female slave with a rod and the slave dies immediately, the owner shall be punished. 21 But if the slave survives for a day or two, there is no punishment; for the slave is the owner’s property.

22 When people who are fighting injure a pregnant woman so that there is a miscarriage, and yet no further harm follows, the one responsible shall be fined what the woman’s husband demands, paying as much as the judges determine. 23 If any harm follows, then you shall give life for life, 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, stripe for stripe.

26 When a slave-owner strikes the eye of a male or female slave, destroying it, the owner shall let the slave go, a free person, to compensate for the eye.

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Personal Injuries

12 “Anyone who strikes a person with a fatal blow is to be put to death.(A) 13 However, if it is not done intentionally, but God lets it happen, they are to flee to a place(B) I will designate. 14 But if anyone schemes and kills someone deliberately,(C) that person is to be taken from my altar and put to death.(D)

15 “Anyone who attacks[a] their father or mother is to be put to death.

16 “Anyone who kidnaps someone is to be put to death,(E) whether the victim has been sold(F) or is still in the kidnapper’s possession.

17 “Anyone who curses their father or mother is to be put to death.(G)

18 “If people quarrel and one person hits another with a stone or with their fist[b] and the victim does not die but is confined to bed, 19 the one who struck the blow will not be held liable if the other can get up and walk around outside with a staff; however, the guilty party must pay the injured person for any loss of time and see that the victim is completely healed.

20 “Anyone who beats their male or female slave with a rod must be punished if the slave dies as a direct result, 21 but they are not to be punished if the slave recovers after a day or two, since the slave is their property.(H)

22 “If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely[c] but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands(I) and the court allows. 23 But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life,(J) 24 eye for eye, tooth for tooth,(K) hand for hand, foot for foot, 25 burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise.

26 “An owner who hits a male or female slave in the eye and destroys it must let the slave go free to compensate for the eye.

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 21:15 Or kills
  2. Exodus 21:18 Or with a tool
  3. Exodus 21:22 Or she has a miscarriage