Paul’s Defense before the Jews

22 “^(A)[a]Brothers and fathers, hear my defense which I now offer to you.”

² And when they heard that he was addressing them in the ^[b](B)Hebrew dialect, they became even more quiet; and he *said,

³ “^(C)I am ^(D)a Jew, born in ^(E)Tarsus of ^(F)Cilicia, but brought up in this city, educated ^[c]under ^(G)Gamaliel, ^[d](H)strictly according to the Law of our fathers, being zealous for God just as ^(I)you all are today. ^4 (J)I persecuted this ^(K)Way to the death, binding and putting both men and women into prisons, ⁵ as also ^(L)the high priest and all ^(M)the Council of the elders ^[e]can testify. From them I also ^(N)received letters to ^(O)the brothers, and started off for ^(P)Damascus in order to bring even those who were there to Jerusalem ^[f]as prisoners to be punished.

⁶ “^(Q)But it happened that as I was on my way, approaching Damascus at about noon, a very bright light suddenly flashed from heaven all around me, ⁷ and I fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to me, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?’ ⁸ And I answered, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ And He said to me, ‘I am ^(R)Jesus the Nazarene, whom you are persecuting.’ ⁹ And those who were with me ^(S)saw the light, but ^(T)did not ^[g]understand the voice of the One who was speaking to me. ¹⁰ And I said, ‘^(U)What shall I do, Lord?’ And the Lord said to me, ‘Get up and go on into Damascus, and there you will be told about everything that has been appointed for you to do.’ ¹¹ But since I ^(V)could not see because of the ^[h]brightness of that light, I came into Damascus being led by the hand by those who were with me.

¹² “Now a certain ^(W)Ananias, a man who was devout by the standard of the Law and ^(X)well spoken of by all the Jews who lived there, ¹³ came to me, and standing nearby he said to me, ‘^(Y)Brother Saul, receive your sight!’ And ^[i](Z)at that very moment I looked up at him. ¹⁴ And he said, ‘^(AA)The God of our fathers has ^(AB)appointed you to know His will and to ^(AC)see the ^(AD)Righteous One and to hear a ^[j]message from His mouth. ¹⁵ For you will be ^(AE)a witness for Him to all people of ^(AF)what you have seen and heard. ¹⁶ Now why do you delay? ^(AG)Get up and be baptized, and ^(AH)wash away your sins by ^(AI)calling on His name.’

¹⁷ “It happened when I ^(AJ)returned to Jerusalem and was praying in the temple, that I ^(AK)fell into a trance, ¹⁸ and I saw Him saying to me, ‘^(AL)Hurry and get out of Jerusalem quickly, because they will not accept your testimony about Me.’ ¹⁹ And I said, ‘Lord, they themselves understand that in one synagogue after another ^(AM)I used to imprison and ^(AN)beat those who believed in You. ²⁰ And ^(AO)when the blood of Your witness Stephen was being shed, I also was standing nearby and approving, and watching over the cloaks of those who were killing him.’ ²¹ And He said to me, ‘Go! For I will send you far away ^(AP)to the Gentiles.’”

²² They listened to him up to this statement, and then they raised their voices and said, “^(AQ)Away with such a man from the earth, for ^(AR)he should not be allowed to live!” ²³ And as they were shouting and ^(AS)throwing off their cloaks and ^(AT)tossing dust into the air, ²⁴ the commander ordered that he be brought into ^(AU)the barracks, saying that he was to be ^(AV)interrogated by flogging so that he would find out the reason why they were shouting against him that way. ²⁵ But when they stretched him out ^[k]with straps, Paul said to the centurion who was standing by, “Is it ^[l]lawful for you to flog ^(AW)a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?” ²⁶ When the centurion heard this, he went to the commander and told him, saying, “What are you about to do? For this man is a Roman.” ²⁷ The commander came and said to ^[m]Paul, “Tell me, are you a Roman?” And he said, “Yes.” ²⁸ The commander answered, “I acquired this citizenship for a large sum of money.” And Paul said, “But I was actually born a citizen.” ²⁹ Therefore, those who were about to ^(AX)interrogate him immediately backed away from him; and the commander also ^(AY)was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had ^[n](AZ)put him in chains.

³⁰ Now on the next day, ^(BA)wanting to know for certain why Paul had been accused by the Jews, he ^(BB)released him and ordered the chief priests and all ^(BC)the ^[o]Council to assemble, and he brought Paul down and placed him before them.

Paul before the Council

23 Now looking intently at ^(BD)the ^[p]Council, Paul said, “^[q](BE)Brothers, ^(BF)I have ^[r]lived my life with an entirely good conscience before God up to this day.” ² But the high priest ^(BG)Ananias commanded those standing beside him ^(BH)to strike him on the mouth. ³ Then Paul said to him, “God is going to strike you, ^(BI)you whitewashed wall! Do you ^(BJ)sit to try me according to the Law, and in violation of the Law, order me to be struck?” ⁴ But those present said, “Are you insulting God’s high priest?” ⁵ And Paul said, “I was not aware, brothers, that he is high priest; for it is written: ‘^(BK)You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people.’”

⁶ But Paul, perceiving that one group were ^(BL)Sadducees and the other Pharisees, began crying out in ^(BM)the ^[s]Council, “^[t](BN)Brothers, ^(BO)I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees; I am on trial for ^(BP)the hope and resurrection of the dead!” ⁷ When he said this, a dissension occurred between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the assembly was divided. ⁸ For ^(BQ)the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, nor an angel, nor a spirit, but the Pharisees acknowledge them all. ⁹ And a great uproar occurred; and some of ^(BR)the scribes of the Pharisaic party stood up and started arguing heatedly, saying, “^(BS)We find nothing wrong with this man; ^(BT)suppose a spirit or an angel has spoken to him?” ¹⁰ And when a great dissension occurred, the commander was afraid that Paul would be torn to pieces by them, and he ordered the troops to go down and take him away from them by force, and bring him into ^(BU)the barracks.

¹¹ But on ^(BV)the following night, the Lord stood near him and said, “^(BW)Be courageous! For ^(BX)as you have ^(BY)testified to the truth about Me in Jerusalem, so you must testify in Rome also.”

A Conspiracy to Kill Paul

¹² When it was day, ^(BZ)the Jews formed a ^[u]conspiracy and ^(CA)put themselves under an ^[v]oath, saying that they would neither eat nor drink until they had killed Paul. ¹³ There were more than forty who formed this plot. ¹⁴ They came to the chief priests and the elders and said, “We have ^(CB)put ourselves under an ^[w]oath to taste nothing until we have killed Paul. ¹⁵ Now therefore, you ^[x]and ^(CC)the ^[y]Council notify the commander to bring him down to you, as though you were going to investigate his case more thoroughly; and as for us, we are ready to kill him before he comes near the place.”

¹⁶ But the son of Paul’s sister heard about their ambush, ^[z]and he came and entered ^(CD)the barracks and told Paul. ¹⁷ Paul called one of the centurions to himself and said, “Take this young man to the commander, for he has something to report to him.” ¹⁸ So he took him and led him to the commander and *said, “Paul ^(CE)the prisoner called me over to him and asked me to bring this young man to you because he has something to tell you.” ¹⁹ The commander took him by the hand, and stepping aside, began to inquire of him privately, “What is it that you have to report to me?” ²⁰ And he said, “^(CF)The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down tomorrow to ^(CG)the ^[aa]Council, as though they were going to inquire somewhat more thoroughly about him. ²¹ So do not ^[ab]listen to them, for more than forty ^[ac]of them are ^(CH)in hiding to ambush him, and these men have ^(CI)put themselves under an oath not to eat or drink until they kill him; and now they are ready and waiting for assurance from you.” ²² Then the commander let the young man go, instructing him, “Tell no one that you have notified me of these things.”

Paul Moved to Caesarea

²³ And he called to him two of the centurions and said, “Get two hundred soldiers ready by ^[ad]the third hour of the night to proceed to ^(CJ)Caesarea, ^[ae]with seventy horsemen and two hundred ^[af]spearmen.” ²⁴ They were also to provide mounts to put Paul on and bring him safely to ^(CK)Felix the governor. ²⁵ And he wrote a letter ^[ag]with the following content:

³¹ So the soldiers, in accordance with their orders, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris. ³² But on the next day they let ^(CX)the horsemen go on with him, and they returned to ^(CY)the barracks. ³³ When these horsemen had come to ^(CZ)Caesarea and delivered the letter to ^(DA)the governor, they also presented Paul to him. ³⁴ Now when he had read it, he also asked from what ^(DB)province Paul was, and when he learned that ^(DC)he was from Cilicia, ³⁵ he said, “I will give you a hearing when your ^(DD)accusers arrive as well,” giving orders for ^[al]Paul to be ^(DE)kept in Herod’s ^[am]Praetorium.

Paul before Felix

24 Now after ^(DF)five days the high priest ^(DG)Ananias came down with some elders and an attorney named Tertullus, and they ^[an]brought charges against Paul to ^(DH)the governor. ² After ^[ao]Paul had been summoned, Tertullus began accusing him, saying to the governor,

“Since we have attained great peace through you, and since reforms are being carried out for this nation by your foresight, ³ we acknowledge this in every way and everywhere, ^(DI)most excellent Felix, with all thankfulness. ⁴ But, that I may not ^[ap]weary you further, I beg you ^[aq]to grant us a brief hearing, by your kindness. ⁵ For we have found this man a public menace and one who stirs up dissensions among all the Jews throughout ^[ar]the world, and a ringleader of the ^(DJ)sect of the Nazarenes. ⁶ And he even tried to ^(DK)desecrate the temple, so indeed we arrested him.^{[as] 8} By interrogating him yourself concerning all these matters, you will be able to ascertain the things of which we are accusing him.” ^9 (DL)The Jews also joined in the attack, asserting that these things were so.

¹⁰ And when ^(DM)the governor had nodded for him to speak, Paul responded:

“Knowing that for many years you have been a judge to this nation, I cheerfully make my defense, ¹¹ since you can take note of the fact that no more than ^(DN)twelve days ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship. ^12 (DO)And neither in the temple did they find me carrying on a discussion with anyone or ^(DP)causing ^[at]a riot, nor in the synagogues, nor in the city itself. ^13 (DQ)Nor can they prove to you the things of which they now accuse me. ¹⁴ But I confess this to you, that in accordance with ^[au](DR)the Way, which they call a ^(DS)sect, I do serve ^(DT)the God of our fathers, ^(DU)believing everything that is in accordance with the Law and is written in the Prophets; ¹⁵ having a hope in God, which ^(DV)these men cherish themselves, that there shall certainly be a resurrection of both the righteous and the wicked. ¹⁶ In view of this ^(DW)I also do my best to maintain a blameless conscience both before God and before other people, always. ¹⁷ Now ^(DX)after several years I ^(DY)came to bring charitable gifts to my nation and to present offerings, ¹⁸ in which they found me occupied in the temple, having been ^(DZ)purified, without any ^(EA)crowd or uproar. But there were some ^(EB)Jews from ^[av]Asia— ¹⁹ who ought to have been present before you and to have been ^(EC)bringing charges, if they should have anything against me. ²⁰ Or else have these men themselves declare what violation they discovered when I stood before ^(ED)the ^[aw]Council, ²¹ other than in regard to this one declaration which ^(EE)I shouted while standing among them, ‘For the resurrection of the dead I am on trial before you today!’”

²² But Felix, ^[ax]having quite accurate knowledge about ^[ay](EF)the Way, adjourned them, saying, “When Lysias the commander comes down, I will decide your case.” ²³ He gave orders to the centurion for ^[az]Paul to be ^(EG)kept in custody and yet ^(EH)have some freedom, and not to prevent any of ^(EI)his friends from providing for his needs.

²⁴ Now some days later Felix arrived with Drusilla his ^[ba]wife, who was Jewish, and he sent for Paul and heard him speak about ^(EJ)faith in Christ Jesus. ²⁵ But as he was discussing ^(EK)righteousness, ^(EL)self-control, and ^(EM)the judgment to come, Felix became frightened and responded, “Go away for now, and when I have an opportunity, I will summon you.” ²⁶ At the same time he was also hoping that ^(EN)money would be given to him by Paul; therefore he also used to send for him quite often and talk with him. ²⁷ But after two years had passed, Felix ^[bb]was succeeded by Porcius ^(EO)Festus; and Felix, ^(EP)wanting to do the Jews a favor, left Paul ^(EQ)imprisoned.

Paul before Festus

25 Festus, then, after arriving in ^(ER)the province, went up to Jerusalem from ^(ES)Caesarea three days later. ² And the chief priests and the leading men of the Jews ^(ET)brought charges against Paul, and they were pleading with ^[bc]Festus, ³ requesting a ^[bd]concession against ^[be]Paul, that he might ^[bf]have him brought to Jerusalem (at the same time, ^(EU)setting an ambush to kill him on the way). ⁴ Festus then ^(EV)answered that Paul ^(EW)was being kept in custody in ^(EX)Caesarea, and that he himself was about to leave shortly. ⁵ “Therefore,” he *said, “have the influential men among you ^[bg]go there with me, and if there is anything wrong ^[bh]about the man, have them bring charges against him.”

⁶ After Festus had spent no more than eight or ten days among them, he went down to ^(EY)Caesarea, and on the next day he took his seat on ^(EZ)the tribunal and ordered that Paul be brought. ⁷ After Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing ^(FA)many, and serious, charges against him ^(FB)which they could not prove, ⁸ while Paul said in his own defense, “^(FC)I have not done anything wrong either against the Law of the Jews, or against the temple, or against Caesar.” ⁹ But Festus, ^(FD)wanting to do the Jews a favor, replied to Paul and said, “^(FE)Are you willing to go up to Jerusalem and ^[bi]stand trial before me on these charges?” ¹⁰ But Paul said, “I am standing before Caesar’s ^(FF)tribunal, where I ought to be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you also very well know. ¹¹ If, therefore, I am in the wrong and have committed something deserving death, I am not trying to avoid execution; but if there is nothing to the accusations which these men are bringing against me, no one can hand me over to them. I ^(FG)appeal to Caesar.” ¹² Then when Festus had conferred with ^[bj]his council, he answered, “You have appealed to Caesar; to Caesar you shall go.”

¹³ Now when several days had passed, King Agrippa and Bernice arrived in ^(FH)Caesarea, paying their respects to Festus. ¹⁴ And while they were spending many days there, Festus presented Paul’s case to the king, saying, “There is a man who was ^(FI)left as a prisoner by Felix; ¹⁵ and when I was in Jerusalem, the chief priests and the elders of the Jews ^(FJ)brought charges against him, asking for a sentence of condemnation against him. ¹⁶ I ^(FK)replied to them that it is not the custom of the Romans to hand over any person before ^(FL)the accused meets his accusers face to face, and has an opportunity to make his defense against the charges. ¹⁷ So after they had assembled here, I did not delay, but on the next day took my seat on ^(FM)the tribunal and ordered that the man be brought. ¹⁸ When the accusers stood up, they did not begin bringing any charges ^[bk]against him of crimes that I suspected, ¹⁹ but they simply had some ^(FN)points of disagreement with him about their own ^[bl](FO)religion and about a dead man, Jesus, whom Paul asserted to be alive. ²⁰ And ^(FP)being at a loss how to investigate ^[bm]such matters, I ^[bn]asked whether he was willing to go to Jerusalem and stand trial there on these matters. ²¹ But when Paul ^(FQ)appealed to be held in custody for ^[bo]the Emperor’s decision, I ordered that he be kept in custody until I send him to Caesar.” ²² Then ^(FR)Agrippa said to Festus, “I also would like to hear the man myself.” “Tomorrow,” he *said, “you shall hear him.”

Paul before Agrippa

²³ So, on the next day when ^(FS)Agrippa and ^(FT)Bernice came amid great pomp and entered the auditorium, ^[bp]accompanied by the commanders and the prominent men of the city, at the command of Festus, Paul was brought before them. ²⁴ And Festus *said, “King Agrippa, and all you gentlemen present with us, you see this man about whom ^(FU)all the people of the Jews appealed to me, both in Jerusalem and here, shouting that ^(FV)he ought not to live any longer. ²⁵ But I found that he had committed ^(FW)nothing deserving death; and since he himself ^(FX)appealed to ^[bq]the Emperor, I decided to send him. ^26 [br]Yet, I have nothing definite about him to write to my lord. Therefore, I have brought him before you all and especially before you, King Agrippa, so that after the investigation has taken place, I may have something to write. ²⁷ For it seems absurd to me in sending a prisoner, not to indicate the charges against him as well.”

Paul’s Defense before Agrippa

26 ^(FY)Now Agrippa said to Paul, “You are permitted to speak for yourself.” Then Paul extended his hand and proceeded to make his defense:

² “Regarding all the things of which I am accused by the Jews, King Agrippa, I consider myself fortunate that I am about to make my defense before you today, ^3 [bs]especially because you are an expert in all ^(FZ)customs and ^[bt]questions among the Jews; therefore I beg you to listen to me patiently.

⁴ “So then, all Jews know ^(GA)my way of life since my youth, which from the beginning was spent among my own nation and in Jerusalem, ⁵ since they have known about me for a long time, if they are willing to testify, that I lived as a ^(GB)Pharisee ^(GC)according to the strictest ^(GD)sect of our religion. ⁶ And now I am standing trial ^(GE)for the hope of ^(GF)the promise made by God to our fathers; ⁷ the promise ^(GG)to which our twelve tribes hope to attain, as they earnestly serve God night and day. For this ^(GH)hope, O king, I am being ^(GI)accused by Jews. ⁸ Why is it considered incredible among you people ^(GJ)if God raises the dead?

⁹ “So ^(GK)I thought to myself that I had to act in strong opposition to ^(GL)the name of Jesus ^[bu]of Nazareth. ¹⁰ And this is ^[bv]just what I ^(GM)did in Jerusalem; not only did I lock up many of the ^[bw]saints in prisons, after ^(GN)receiving authority from the chief priests, but I also ^(GO)cast my vote against them when they were being put to death. ¹¹ And ^(GP)as I punished them often in all the synagogues, I tried to force them to blaspheme; and since I was ^(GQ)extremely enraged at them, I kept pursuing them ^(GR)even to ^[bx]foreign cities.

¹² “^[by]While so engaged, ^(GS)as I was journeying to Damascus with the authority and commission of the chief priests, ¹³ at midday, O king, I saw on the way a light from heaven, ^[bz]brighter than the sun, shining around me and those who were journeying with me. ¹⁴ And when we had ^(GT)all fallen to the ground, I heard a voice saying to me in the ^[ca](GU)Hebrew dialect, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me? ^[cb]It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’ ¹⁵ And I said, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ And the Lord said, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting. ¹⁶ But get up and ^(GV)stand on your feet; for this purpose I have appeared to you, to ^(GW)appoint you as a ^(GX)servant and ^(GY)a witness not only to the things in which you have seen Me, but also to the things in which I will appear to you, ^17 (GZ)rescuing you ^(HA)from the Jewish people and from the Gentiles, to whom I am sending you, ¹⁸ to ^(HB)open their eyes so that they may turn from ^(HC)darkness to light, and from the ^[cc]power of ^(HD)Satan to God, that they may receive ^(HE)forgiveness of sins and an ^(HF)inheritance among those who have been sanctified by ^(HG)faith in Me.’

¹⁹ “For that reason, King Agrippa, I did not prove disobedient to the heavenly vision, ²⁰ but continually proclaimed ^(HH)to those in Damascus first, and ^(HI)in Jerusalem, and then all the region of Judea, and even ^(HJ)to the Gentiles, that they are to ^(HK)repent and turn to God, performing deeds ^(HL)consistent with repentance. ²¹ For these reasons some Jews ^(HM)seized me in the temple and tried ^(HN)to murder me. ²² So, having obtained help from God, I stand to this day ^(HO)testifying both to small and great, stating nothing but what ^(HP)the Prophets and Moses said was going to take place, ²³ as to ^(HQ)whether the ^[cd]Christ was ^[ce]to suffer, and whether, as ^(HR)first from the resurrection of the dead, He would proclaim ^(HS)light both to the Jewish people and to the Gentiles.”

²⁴ While ^[cf]Paul was stating these things in his defense, Festus *said in a loud voice, “Paul, you are out of your mind! ^[cg]Your great ^(HT)learning is ^[ch]driving you insane.” ²⁵ But Paul *said, “I am not insane, ^(HU)most excellent Festus; on the contrary, I am speaking out with ^[ci]truthful and rational words. ²⁶ For the king ^[cj](HV)knows about these matters, and I also speak to him with confidence, since I am persuaded that none of these things escape his notice; for this has not been done in a ^[ck]corner. ²⁷ King Agrippa, do you believe the Prophets? I know that you believe.” ²⁸ Agrippa replied to Paul, “^[cl]In a short time you are going to persuade me to ^[cm]make a ^(HW)Christian of myself.” ²⁹ And Paul said, “I would ^[cn]wish to God that even ^[co]in a short or long time not only you, but also all who hear me this day would become such as I myself am, except for these ^(HX)chains.”

^30 (HY)The king stood up and the governor and Bernice, and those who were sitting with them, ³¹ and when they had gone out, they began talking to one another, saying, “^(HZ)This man is not doing anything deserving death or ^[cp]imprisonment.” ³² And Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been ^(IA)set free if he had not ^(IB)appealed to Caesar.”

Paul Is Sent to Rome

27 Now when it was decided that ^(IC)we ^(ID)would sail for ^(IE)Italy, they proceeded to turn Paul and some other prisoners over to a centurion of the Augustan ^[cq](IF)cohort, named Julius. ² And we boarded an Adramyttian ship that was about to sail to the regions along the coast of ^[cr](IG)Asia, and put out to sea accompanied by ^(IH)Aristarchus, a ^(II)Macedonian of ^(IJ)Thessalonica. ³ The next day we put in at ^(IK)Sidon; and Julius ^(IL)treated Paul with consideration and ^(IM)allowed him to go to his friends and receive care. ⁴ From there we put out to sea and sailed under the shelter of ^(IN)Cyprus, because ^(IO)the winds were contrary. ⁵ When we had sailed through the sea along the coast of ^(IP)Cilicia and ^(IQ)Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia. ⁶ There the centurion found an ^(IR)Alexandrian ship sailing for ^(IS)Italy, and he put us aboard it. ⁷ When we had sailed slowly for a good many days, and with difficulty had arrived off Cnidus, ^(IT)since the wind did not permit us to go farther, we sailed under the shelter of ^(IU)Crete, off Salmone; ⁸ and with difficulty ^(IV)sailing past it, we came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea.

⁹ When considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, since even ^(IW)the ^[cs]fast was already over, Paul started admonishing them, ¹⁰ saying to them, “Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be with ^(IX)damage and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.” ¹¹ But the centurion was more persuaded by the ^(IY)pilot and the ^[ct]captain of the ship than by what was being said by Paul. ¹² The harbor was not suitable for wintering, so the majority reached a decision to put out to sea from there, if somehow they could reach Phoenix, a harbor of ^(IZ)Crete facing southwest and northwest, and spend the winter there.

^13 [cu]When a moderate south wind came up, thinking that they had attained their purpose, they weighed anchor and began ^(JA)sailing along ^(JB)Crete, closer to shore.

Shipwreck

¹⁴ But before very long a violent wind, called ^[cv]Euraquilo, ^(JC)rushed down from ^[cw]the land; ¹⁵ and when the ship was caught in it and could not head up into the wind, we gave up and let ourselves be driven by the wind. ¹⁶ Running under the shelter of a small island called Cauda, we were able to get the ship’s ^[cx]boat under control only with difficulty. ¹⁷ After they had hoisted it up, they used ^[cy]supporting cables in undergirding the ship; and fearing that they might ^(JD)run aground on the shallows of Syrtis, they let down the ^[cz]sea anchor and let themselves be driven along in this way. ¹⁸ The next day as we were being violently tossed by the storm, ^[da]they began to ^(JE)jettison the cargo; ¹⁹ and on the third day they threw the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands. ²⁰ Since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was slowly abandoned.

^21 [db]When many had lost their appetites, Paul then stood among them and said, “^[dc](JF)Men, you should have followed my advice and not have set sail from ^(JG)Crete, and thereby spared yourselves this ^(JH)damage and loss. ²² And yet now I urge you to ^(JI)keep up your courage, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship. ²³ For this very night ^(JJ)an angel of the God to whom I belong, ^(JK)whom I also serve, ^(JL)came to me, ²⁴ saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; ^(JM)you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has graciously granted you ^(JN)all those who are sailing with you.’ ²⁵ Therefore, ^(JO)keep up your courage, men, for I believe God that ^[dd]it will turn out exactly as I have been told. ²⁶ But we must ^(JP)run aground on a certain ^(JQ)island.”

²⁷ But when the fourteenth night came, as we were being driven about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors began to suspect that ^[de]they were approaching some land. ²⁸ And they took soundings and found it to be twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they took another sounding and found it to be fifteen fathoms. ²⁹ Fearing that we might ^(JR)run aground somewhere on the ^[df]rocks, they cast four anchors from the stern and ^[dg]prayed for daybreak. ³⁰ But as the sailors were trying to escape from the ship and had let down ^(JS)the ship’s boat into the sea, on the pretense that they were going to lay out anchors from the bow, ³¹ Paul said to the centurion and the soldiers, “Unless these men remain on the ship, you yourselves cannot be saved.” ³² Then the soldiers cut away the ^(JT)ropes of the ship’s boat and let it fall away.

³³ Until the day was about to dawn, Paul kept encouraging them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you have been constantly watching and going without eating, having taken in nothing. ³⁴ Therefore, I encourage you to take some food, for this is for your survival, for ^(JU)not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.” ³⁵ Having said this, he took bread and ^(JV)gave thanks to God in the presence of them all, and he broke it and began to eat. ³⁶ All ^(JW)of them ^[dh]were encouraged and they themselves also took food. ³⁷ We were 276 ^[di](JX)people on the ship in all. ³⁸ When they had eaten enough, they began lightening the ship by ^(JY)throwing the wheat out into the sea.

³⁹ Now when day came, ^(JZ)they ^[dj]could not recognize the land; but they did notice a bay with a beach, and they resolved to run the ship onto it if they could. ⁴⁰ And casting off ^(KA)the anchors, they left them in the sea while at the same time they were loosening the ropes of the rudders; and they hoisted the foresail to the wind and were heading for the beach. ⁴¹ But they struck a ^[dk]reef where two seas met and ran the ship aground; and the prow stuck firmly and remained immovable, while the stern started to break up due to the force of the waves. ⁴² The soldiers’ plan was to ^(KB)kill the prisoners, so that none of them would swim away and escape; ⁴³ but the centurion, ^(KC)wanting to bring Paul safely through, kept them from accomplishing their intention, and commanded that those who could swim were to ^[dl]jump overboard first and get to land, ⁴⁴ and the rest were to follow, some on planks, and others on various things from the ship. And so it happened that ^(KD)they all were brought safely to land.

Safe at Malta

28 When ^(KE)they had been brought safely through, ^(KF)then we found out that ^(KG)the island was called ^[dm]Malta. ^2 (KH)The ^[dn]natives showed us extraordinary kindness, for they kindled a fire and ^(KI)took us all in because of the rain that had started and because of the cold. ³ But when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks and laid them on the fire, a viper came out ^[do]because of the heat and fastened itself on his hand. ⁴ When ^(KJ)the ^[dp]natives saw the creature hanging from his hand, they began saying to one another, “^(KK)Undoubtedly this man is a murderer, and though he has been saved from the sea, ^[dq]justice has not allowed him to live.” ⁵ However, ^[dr](KL)Paul shook the creature off into the fire and suffered no harm. ⁶ Now they were expecting that he was going to swell up or suddenly fall down dead. But after they had waited a long time and had seen nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and ^(KM)began to say that he was a god.

⁷ Now in the neighboring parts of that place were lands belonging to the ^[ds]leading man of the island, named Publius, who welcomed us and entertained us warmly for three days. ⁸ And it happened that the father of Publius was lying in bed afflicted with a recurring fever and dysentery. Paul went in to see him, and after he ^(KN)prayed, he ^(KO)laid his hands on him and healed him. ⁹ After this happened, the rest of the people on the island who had diseases were coming to him and being cured. ¹⁰ They also showed us many honors, and when we were about to set sail, they ^[dt]supplied us with ^[du]everything we needed.

Paul Arrives in Rome

¹¹ After three months we set sail on ^(KP)an Alexandrian ship which had wintered at the island, and which had ^[dv]the Twin Brothers for its figurehead. ¹² After we put in at Syracuse, we stayed there for three days. ¹³ From there we sailed around and arrived at Rhegium, and a day later a south wind came up, and on the second day we came to Puteoli. ^14 [dw]There we found some ^(KQ)brothers and sisters, and were invited to stay with them for seven days; and that is how we came to Rome. ¹⁵ And from there the ^(KR)brothers and sisters, when they heard about us, came as far as the ^[dx]Market of Appius and the ^[dy]Three Inns to meet us; and when Paul saw them, he thanked God and took courage.

¹⁶ When we entered Rome, Paul was ^(KS)allowed to stay by himself, with the soldier who was guarding him.

¹⁷ After three days ^[dz]Paul called together those who were ^(KT)the leading men of the Jews, and when they came together, he began saying to them, “^(KU)Brothers, ^(KV)though I had done nothing against our people or ^(KW)the customs of our ^[ea]fathers, yet I was handed over to the Romans as a prisoner from Jerusalem. ¹⁸ And when they had ^(KX)examined me, they ^(KY)were willing to release me because there were ^(KZ)no grounds ^[eb]for putting me to death. ¹⁹ But when the Jews ^[ec]objected, I was forced to ^(LA)appeal to Caesar, not that I had any accusation against my nation. ²⁰ For this reason, therefore, I ^[ed]requested to see you and to speak with you, since I am wearing ^(LB)this chain for ^(LC)the sake of the hope of Israel.” ²¹ They said to him, “We have neither received letters from Judea concerning you, nor has any of ^(LD)the brothers come here and reported or spoken anything bad about you. ²² But we desire to hear from you what ^[ee]your views are; for regarding this ^(LE)sect, it is known to us that ^(LF)it is spoken against everywhere.”

²³ When they had set a day for ^[ef]Paul, people came to him at ^(LG)his lodging in large numbers; and he was explaining to them by solemnly ^(LH)testifying about the kingdom of God and trying to persuade them concerning Jesus, ^(LI)from both the Law of Moses and from the Prophets, from morning until evening. ^24 (LJ)Some were being persuaded by the things said by Paul, but others would not believe. ²⁵ And when they disagreed with one another, they began leaving after Paul said one parting statement: “The Holy Spirit rightly spoke through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers, ²⁶ saying,

²⁸ Therefore, let it be known to you that ^(LN)this salvation of God has been sent ^(LO)to the Gentiles; they will also listen.”^[ek]

³⁰ Now Paul stayed two full years ^[el]in his own rented lodging and welcomed all who came to him, ^31 [em](LP)preaching the kingdom of God and teaching things about the Lord Jesus Christ ^(LQ)with all openness, unhindered.

The Gospel Exalted

1 Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, ^[a](A)called as an apostle, ^(B)set apart for ^(C)the gospel of God, ² which He ^(D)promised beforehand through His ^(E)prophets in the holy Scriptures, ³ concerning His Son, who was born ^(F)of a ^[b]descendant of David ^(G)according to the flesh, ⁴ who was declared ^(H)the Son of God with power according to the ^[c]Spirit of holiness ^[d]by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, ⁵ through whom we have received grace and ^(I)apostleship ^[e]to bring about the ^(J)obedience of faith among ^(K)all the Gentiles in behalf of His name, ⁶ among whom you also are the ^(L)called of Jesus Christ;

⁷ to all who are ^(M)beloved of God in Rome, called as ^[f](N)saints: ^(O)Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

⁸ First, ^(P)I thank my God through Jesus Christ ^[g]for you all, because ^(Q)your faith is being proclaimed throughout the world. ⁹ For ^(R)God, whom I ^(S)serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly ^(T)I make mention of you, ¹⁰ always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by ^(U)the will of God, I will succeed in coming to you. ¹¹ For ^(V)I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be ^[h]established; ¹² that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. ^13 (W)I do not want you to be unaware, ^(X)brothers and sisters, that often I ^(Y)have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some ^(Z)fruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles. ^14 (AA)I am ^[i]under obligation both to Greeks and to the ^[j](AB)uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish. ¹⁵ So, for my part, I am eager to ^(AC)preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

¹⁶ For I am not ^(AD)ashamed of the gospel, for ^(AE)it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the ^(AF)Jew first and also to ^(AG)the Greek. ¹⁷ For in it ^(AH)the righteousness of God is revealed ^[k]from faith to faith; as it is written: “^[l](AI)But the righteous one will live by faith.”

Unbelief and Its Consequences

¹⁸ For ^(AJ)the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who ^(AK)suppress the truth ^[m]in unrighteousness, ¹⁹ because ^(AL)that which is known about God is evident ^[n]within them; for God made it evident to them. ²⁰ For ^(AM)since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ^(AN)being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse. ²¹ For even though they knew God, they did not ^[o]honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became ^(AO)futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened. ^22 (AP)Claiming to be wise, they became fools, ²³ and they ^(AQ)exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and ^[p]crawling creatures.

²⁴ Therefore ^(AR)God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be ^(AS)dishonored among them. ²⁵ For they exchanged the truth of God for ^[q](AT)falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^(AU)who is blessed ^[r]forever. Amen.

²⁶ For this reason ^(AV)God gave them over to ^(AW)degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature, ²⁷ and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations ^[s]with women and burned in their desire toward one another, ^(AX)males with males committing ^[t]shameful acts and receiving in ^[u]their own persons the due penalty of their error.

²⁸ And just as they did not see fit ^[v]to acknowledge God, ^(AY)God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper, ²⁹ people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are ^(AZ)gossips, ³⁰ slanderers, ^[w](BA)haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, ^(BB)disobedient to parents, ³¹ without understanding, untrustworthy, ^(BC)unfeeling, and unmerciful; ³² and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ^(BD)death, they not only do the same, but also ^(BE)approve of those who practice them.

The Impartiality of God

2 Therefore you have ^(BF)no excuse, ^[x]you foolish person, ^(BG)everyone of you who passes judgment; for ^[y]in that matter in which ^(BH)you judge someone else, you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice the same things. ² And we know that the judgment of God ^[z]rightly falls upon those who practice such things. ³ But do you suppose this, ^[aa](BI)you foolish person who passes judgment on those who practice such things, and yet does them as well, that you will escape the judgment of God? ⁴ Or do you think lightly of ^(BJ)the riches of His ^(BK)kindness and ^[ab](BL)restraint and ^(BM)patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance? ⁵ But ^[ac]because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart ^(BN)you are storing up wrath for yourself ^(BO)on the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, ^6 (BP)who will repay each person according to his deeds: ⁷ to those who by ^(BQ)perseverance in doing good seek ^(BR)glory, honor, and ^(BS)immortality, He will give ^(BT)eternal life; ⁸ but to those who are ^(BU)self-serving and ^(BV)do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, He will give wrath and indignation. ⁹ There will be ^(BW)tribulation and distress ^[ad]for every soul of mankind who does evil, ^[ae]for the Jew ^(BX)first and also ^[af]for the Greek, ¹⁰ but ^(BY)glory, honor, and peace to everyone who does what is good, to the Jew ^(BZ)first and also to the Greek. ¹¹ For ^(CA)there is no partiality with God.

¹² For all who have sinned ^[ag](CB)without the Law will also perish ^[ah]without the Law, and all who have sinned ^[ai]under the Law will be judged ^[aj]by the Law; ¹³ for it is ^(CC)not the hearers ^[ak]of the Law who are ^[al]righteous before God, but the doers ^[am]of the Law who will be justified. ¹⁴ For when Gentiles who do not have ^[an]the Law ^[ao](CD)instinctively perform the requirements of the Law, these, though not having ^[ap]the Law, are a law to themselves, ¹⁵ in that they show ^(CE)the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience testifying and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them, ¹⁶ on the day when, ^(CF)according to my gospel, ^(CG)God will judge the secrets of mankind through Christ Jesus.

The Jews under the Law

¹⁷ But if you call yourself a ^[aq]Jew and ^(CH)rely ^[ar]upon the Law and boast in God, ¹⁸ and know His will and ^[as](CI)distinguish the things that matter, being instructed from the Law, ¹⁹ and are confident that you yourself are a guide to people who are blind, a light to those in darkness, ²⁰ a ^[at]corrector of the foolish, a teacher of ^[au]the immature, possessing in the Law ^(CJ)the embodiment of knowledge and of the truth— ²¹ you, therefore, ^(CK)who teach someone else, do you not teach yourself? You who ^[av]preach that one is not to steal, do you steal? ²² You who say that one is not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who loathe idols, do you ^(CL)rob temples? ²³ You who ^(CM)boast ^[aw]in the Law, through your breaking the Law, do you dishonor God? ²⁴ For “^(CN)the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles ^(CO)because of you,” just as it is written.

²⁵ For indeed circumcision is of value if you ^(CP)practice ^[ax]the Law; but if you are a violator ^[ay]of the Law, ^(CQ)your circumcision has turned into uncircumcision. ^26 (CR)So if ^(CS)the ^[az]uncircumcised man ^(CT)keeps the requirements of the Law, will his uncircumcision not be regarded as circumcision? ²⁷ And ^(CU)he who is physically uncircumcised, if he keeps the Law, will he not ^(CV)judge you who ^[ba]though having the letter of the Law and circumcision are a violator ^[bb]of the Law? ²⁸ For ^(CW)he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh. ²⁹ But ^(CX)he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and ^(CY)circumcision is of the heart, by the ^(CZ)Spirit, not by the letter; ^(DA)and his praise is not from people, but from God.

All the World Guilty

3 Then what ^[bc]advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the benefit of circumcision? ² Great in every respect. First, that ^(DB)they were entrusted with the ^(DC)actual words of God. ³ What then? If ^(DD)some ^[bd]did not believe, their ^[be]unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it? ^4 [bf](DE)Far from it! Rather, God must prove to be true, though every person be found ^(DF)a liar, as it is written:

⁵ But if our unrighteousness ^[bh](DH)demonstrates the righteousness of God, ^(DI)what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He? (^(DJ)I am speaking from a human viewpoint.) ^6 (DK)Far from it! For otherwise, how will ^(DL)God judge the world? ⁷ But if through my lie ^(DM)the truth of God abounded to His glory, ^(DN)why am I also still being judged as a sinner? ⁸ And why not say (just as we are slanderously reported and as some claim that we say), “^(DO)Let’s do evil that good may come of it”? ^[bi]Their condemnation is deserved.

⁹ What then? ^[bj](DP)Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both ^(DQ)Jews and ^(DR)Greeks are ^(DS)all under sin; ¹⁰ as it is written:

¹⁹ Now we know that whatever the ^(DZ)Law says, it speaks to ^(EA)those who are ^[bm]under the Law, so that every mouth may be closed and ^(EB)all the world may become accountable to God; ²⁰ because ^(EC)by the works ^[bn]of the Law ^[bo]none of mankind will be justified in His sight; for ^[bp](ED)through the Law comes ^[bq]knowledge of sin.

Justification by Faith

²¹ But now apart ^[br]from the Law ^(EE)the righteousness of God has been revealed, being ^(EF)witnessed by the ^[bs]Law and the Prophets, ²² but it is the ^(EG)righteousness of God through ^(EH)faith ^(EI)in Jesus Christ for ^(EJ)all those ^[bt]who believe; for ^(EK)there is no distinction, ²³ for all ^[bu](EL)have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, ²⁴ being justified as a gift ^(EM)by His grace through ^(EN)the redemption which is in Christ Jesus, ²⁵ whom God displayed publicly as ^(EO)a ^[bv]propitiation ^[bw](EP)in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, ^[bx]because in God’s merciful ^(EQ)restraint He ^(ER)let the sins previously committed go unpunished; ²⁶ for the demonstration, that is, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who ^[by]has faith in Jesus.

²⁷ Where then is ^(ES)boasting? It has been excluded. By ^(ET)what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. ^28 [bz]For ^(EU)we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from works ^[ca]of the Law. ²⁹ Or ^(EV)is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, ³⁰ since indeed ^(EW)God ^(EX)who will justify the ^[cb]circumcised ^[cc]by faith and the ^[cd]uncircumcised through faith ^(EY)is one.

³¹ Do we then nullify ^[ce]the Law through faith? ^(EZ)Far from it! On the contrary, we ^(FA)establish the Law.

Abraham’s Justification by Faith

4 What then shall we say that Abraham, ^[cf]our forefather ^(FB)according to the flesh, has found? ² For if Abraham was justified ^[cg]by works, he has something to boast about; but ^(FC)not ^[ch]before God. ³ For what does the Scripture say? “^(FD)Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.” ⁴ Now to the one who ^(FE)works, the wages are not credited as a favor, but as what is due. ⁵ But to the one who does not work, but ^(FF)believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness, ⁶ just as David also speaks of the blessing of the person to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

⁹ Is this blessing then on ^[ci](FJ)the circumcised, or on ^[cj]the uncircumcised also? For ^(FK)we say, “^(FL)Faith was credited to Abraham as righteousness.” ¹⁰ How then was it credited? While he was ^[ck]circumcised, or ^[cl]uncircumcised? Not while ^[cm]circumcised, but while ^[cn]uncircumcised; ¹¹ and he ^(FM)received the sign of circumcision, ^(FN)a seal of the righteousness of the faith which ^[co]he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be ^(FO)the father of ^(FP)all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them, ¹² and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which ^[cp]he had while uncircumcised.

¹³ For ^(FQ)the promise to Abraham or to his ^[cq]descendants ^(FR)that he would be heir of the world was not ^[cr]through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith. ¹⁴ For ^(FS)if those who are ^[cs]of the Law are heirs, then faith is made void and the promise is nullified; ¹⁵ for ^(FT)the Law brings about wrath, but ^(FU)where there is no law, there also is no violation.

¹⁶ For this reason it is ^[ct]by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with ^(FV)grace, so that the promise will be guaranteed to ^(FW)all the ^[cu]descendants, not only to ^[cv]those who are of the Law, but also to ^[cw](FX)those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is ^(FY)the father of us all, ¹⁷ (as it is written: “I have made you ^(FZ)a father of many nations”) in the presence of Him whom he believed, that is, God, ^(GA)who gives life to the dead and ^(GB)calls into being ^(GC)things that do not exist. ¹⁸ In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become ^(GD)a father of many nations according to that which had been spoken, “^(GE)So shall your ^[cx]descendants be.” ¹⁹ Without becoming weak in faith he contemplated his own body, now ^(GF)as good as dead since ^(GG)he was about a hundred years old, and ^(GH)the deadness of Sarah’s womb; ²⁰ yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, ^(GI)giving glory to God, ²¹ and ^(GJ)being fully assured that ^(GK)what God had promised, He was able also to perform. ²² Therefore ^(GL)it was also credited to him as righteousness. ²³ Now ^(GM)not for his sake only was it written that it was credited to him, ²⁴ but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, to us ^(GN)who believe in Him who ^(GO)raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, ²⁵ He who was ^(GP)delivered over because of our wrongdoings, and was ^(GQ)raised because of our justification.

Results of Justification

5 ^(GR)Therefore, having been justified by faith, ^[cy](GS)we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, ² through whom we also have ^(GT)obtained our introduction by faith into this grace ^(GU)in which we stand; and ^[cz]we celebrate in hope of the glory of God. ^3 (GV)And not only this, but ^[da]we also ^(GW)celebrate in our tribulations, knowing that tribulation brings about ^(GX)perseverance; ⁴ and ^(GY)perseverance, ^(GZ)proven character; and proven character, hope; ⁵ and hope ^(HA)does not disappoint, because the love of God has been ^(HB)poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.

⁶ For while we were still ^(HC)helpless, ^(HD)at the right time ^(HE)Christ died for the ungodly. ⁷ For one will hardly die for a righteous person; ^[db]though perhaps for the good person someone would even dare to die. ⁸ But God ^(HF)demonstrates ^(HG)His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, ^(HH)Christ died for us. ⁹ Much more then, having now been justified ^[dc](HI)by His blood, we shall be saved ^(HJ)from the wrath of God through Him. ¹⁰ For if while we were ^(HK)enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved ^[dd](HL)by His life. ^11 (HM)And not only this, but ^[de]we also celebrate in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received ^(HN)the reconciliation.

¹² Therefore, just as through ^(HO)one man sin entered into the world, and ^(HP)death through sin, and ^(HQ)so death spread to all mankind, because all sinned— ¹³ for ^[df]until the Law sin was in the world, but ^(HR)sin is not ^[dg]counted against anyone when there is no law. ¹⁴ Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned ^(HS)in the likeness of the ^[dh]violation committed by Adam, who is a ^[di](HT)type of Him who was to come.

¹⁵ But ^[dj]the gracious gift is not like the offense. For if by the offense of ^(HU)the one ^(HV)the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by ^(HW)the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many. ¹⁶ The gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned; for on the one hand ^(HX)the judgment arose from one offense, ^[dk]resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the gracious gift arose from many offenses, ^[dl]resulting in justification. ¹⁷ For if by the offense of the one, death reigned ^(HY)through the one, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness ^(HZ)reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.

¹⁸ So then, as through ^(IA)one offense ^[dm]the result was condemnation to all mankind, so also through one ^(IB)act of righteousness ^[dn]the result was ^(IC)justification of life to all mankind. ¹⁹ For as through the one man’s disobedience ^(ID)the many ^(IE)were made sinners, so also through ^(IF)the obedience of the One ^(IG)the many will be made righteous. ^20 [do](IH)The Law came in so that the offense would increase; but where sin increased, ^(II)grace abounded all the more, ²¹ so that, as ^(IJ)sin reigned in death, so also ^(IK)grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Believers Are Dead to Sin, Alive to God

6 ^(IL)What shall we say then? Are we to ^(IM)continue in sin so that grace may increase? ^2 [dp](IN)Far from it! How shall we who ^(IO)died to sin still live in it? ³ Or do you not know that all of us who have been ^(IP)baptized into ^(IQ)Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? ⁴ Therefore we have been ^(IR)buried with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was ^(IS)raised from the dead through the ^(IT)glory of the Father, so we too may walk in ^(IU)newness of life. ⁵ For ^(IV)if we have become ^[dq]united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be ^[dr]in the likeness of His resurrection, ⁶ knowing this, that our ^(IW)old ^[ds]self was ^(IX)crucified with Him, in order that our ^(IY)body of sin might be ^[dt]done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; ⁷ for ^(IZ)the one who has died is ^[du]freed from sin.

⁸ Now ^(JA)if we have died with Christ, we believe that ^(JB)we shall also live with Him, ⁹ knowing that Christ, having been ^(JC)raised from the dead, ^[dv]is never to die again; ^(JD)death no longer is master over Him. ¹⁰ For ^[dw]the death that He died, He died to sin once for all time; but ^[dx]the life that He lives, He lives to ^[dy]God. ¹¹ So you too, consider yourselves to be ^(JE)dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.

¹² Therefore sin is not to ^(JF)reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, ¹³ and do not go on ^(JG)presenting ^[dz]the parts of your body to sin as ^[ea]instruments of unrighteousness; but ^(JH)present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead, and ^[eb]your body’s parts as ^[ec]instruments of righteousness for God. ¹⁴ For ^(JI)sin shall not ^(JJ)be master over you, for ^(JK)you are not under ^[ed]the Law but ^(JL)under grace.

¹⁵ What then? ^(JM)Are we to sin because we are not under ^[ee]the Law but under grace? ^[ef](JN)Far from it! ¹⁶ Do you not ^(JO)know that the one to whom you present yourselves as ^(JP)slaves for obedience, you are slaves of that same one whom you obey, either of ^(JQ)sin ^[eg]resulting in death, or of obedience ^[eh]resulting in righteousness? ¹⁷ But ^(JR)thanks be to God that ^[ei]though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that ^[ej](JS)form of teaching to which you were entrusted, ¹⁸ and after being ^(JT)freed from sin, you became slaves to righteousness. ^19 (JU)I am speaking ^[ek]in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just ^(JV)as you presented ^[el]the parts of your body as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, ^[em]resulting in further lawlessness, so now present ^[en]your body’s parts as slaves to righteousness, ^[eo]resulting in sanctification.

²⁰ For ^(JW)when you were slaves of sin, you were free in relation to righteousness. ²¹ Therefore what ^[ep](JX)benefit were you then ^[eq]deriving from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the outcome of those things is ^(JY)death. ²² But now having been ^(JZ)freed from sin and ^(KA)enslaved to God, you ^[er]derive your ^[es](KB)benefit, ^[et]resulting in sanctification, and ^(KC)the outcome, eternal life. ²³ For the wages of ^(KD)sin is death, but the gracious gift of God is ^(KE)eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.