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論豁免年

15 「每逢七年末一年,你要施行豁免。 豁免的定例乃是這樣:凡債主要把所借給鄰舍的豁免了,不可向鄰舍和弟兄追討,因為耶和華的豁免年已經宣告了。 若借給外邦人,你可以向他追討;但借給你弟兄,無論是什麼,你要鬆手豁免了。 你若留意聽從耶和華你神的話,謹守遵行我今日所吩咐你這一切的命令,就必在你們中間沒有窮人了。在耶和華你神所賜你為業的地上,耶和華必大大賜福於你。 因為耶和華你的神必照他所應許你的賜福於你,你必借給許多國民,卻不致向他們借貸;你必管轄許多國民,他們卻不能管轄你。

宜濟貧乏

「在耶和華你神所賜你的地上,無論哪一座城裡,你弟兄中若有一個窮人,你不可忍著心,攥著手不幫補你窮乏的弟兄, 總要向他鬆開手,照他所缺乏的借給他,補他的不足。 你要謹慎,不可心裡起惡念,說:『第七年的豁免年快到了』,你便惡眼看你窮乏的弟兄,什麼都不給他,以致他因你求告耶和華,罪便歸於你了。 10 你總要給他,給他的時候心裡不可愁煩,因耶和華你的神必在你這一切所行的,並你手裡所辦的事上,賜福於你。 11 原來那地上的窮人永不斷絕,所以我吩咐你說:總要向你地上困苦窮乏的弟兄鬆開手。

釋放奴婢之例

12 「你弟兄中,若有一個希伯來男人或希伯來女人被賣給你,服侍你六年,到第七年就要任他自由出去。 13 你任他自由的時候,不可使他空手而去, 14 要從你羊群、禾場、酒榨之中多多地給他;耶和華你的神怎樣賜福於你,你也要照樣給他。 15 要記念你在埃及地做過奴僕,耶和華你的神將你救贖,因此,我今日吩咐你這件事。 16 他若對你說:『我不願意離開你』,是因他愛你和你的家,且因在你那裡很好, 17 你就要拿錐子將他的耳朵在門上刺透,他便永為你的奴僕了。你待婢女也要這樣。 18 你任他自由的時候,不可以為難事,因他服侍你六年,較比雇工的工價多加一倍了。耶和華你的神就必在你所做的一切事上賜福於你。

19 「你牛群、羊群中頭生的,凡是公的,都要分別為聖,歸耶和華你的神。牛群中頭生的不可用牠耕地,羊群中頭生的不可剪毛。 20 這頭生的,你和你的家屬,每年要在耶和華所選擇的地方,在耶和華你神面前吃。 21 這頭生的若有什麼殘疾,就如瘸腿的、瞎眼的,無論有什麼惡殘疾,都不可獻給耶和華你的神。 22 可以在你城裡吃,潔淨人與不潔淨人都可以吃,就如吃羚羊與鹿一般。 23 只是不可吃牠的血,要倒在地上,如同倒水一樣。

The Sabbatical Year

15 “At the end of (A)every seven years you shall grant a release. And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release what he has lent to his neighbor. He shall not exact it of his neighbor, his brother, because the Lord's release has been proclaimed. (B)Of a foreigner you may exact it, but whatever of yours is with your brother your hand shall release. (C)But there will be no poor among you; (D)for the Lord will bless you in the land that the Lord your God is giving you for an inheritance to possess— (E)if only you will strictly obey the voice of the Lord your God, being careful to do all this commandment that I command you today. For the Lord your God will bless you, (F)as he promised you, and (G)you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow, and (H)you shall rule over many nations, but they shall not rule over you.

“If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the Lord your God is giving you, (I)you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, but (J)you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,’ and your (K)eye look grudgingly[a] on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, and he (L)cry to the Lord against you, and (M)you be guilty of sin. 10 You shall give to him freely, and (N)your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because (O)for this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. 11 For (P)there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, (Q)‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.’

12 (R)“If your brother, a Hebrew man or a Hebrew woman, is sold[b] to you, he shall serve you six years, and in the seventh year you shall let him go free from you. 13 And when you let him go free from you, you shall not let him go empty-handed. 14 You shall furnish him liberally out of your flock, out of your threshing floor, and out of your winepress. (S)As the Lord your God has blessed you, you shall give to him. 15 (T)You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the Lord your God redeemed you; therefore I command you this today. 16 But (U)if he says to you, ‘I will not go out from you,’ because he loves you and your household, since he is well-off with you, 17 then you shall take an awl, and put it through his ear into the door, and he shall be your slave[c] forever. And to your female slave[d] you shall do the same. 18 It shall not seem hard to you when you let him go free from you, for at half the cost of a hired worker he has served you six years. So the Lord your God will bless you in all that you do.

19 (V)“All the firstborn males that are born of your herd and flock you shall dedicate to the Lord your God. You shall do no work with the firstborn of your herd, nor shear the firstborn of your flock. 20 (W)You shall eat it, you and your household, before the Lord your God year by year at the place that the Lord will choose. 21 (X)But if it has any blemish, if it is lame or blind or has any serious blemish whatever, you shall not sacrifice it to the Lord your God. 22 You shall eat it within your towns. (Y)The unclean and the clean alike may eat it, as though it were a gazelle or a deer. 23 (Z)Only you shall not eat its blood; you shall pour it out on the ground like water.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 15:9 Or be evil; also verse 10
  2. Deuteronomy 15:12 Or sells himself
  3. Deuteronomy 15:17 Or servant; the Hebrew term ‘ebed designates a range of social and economic roles (see Preface)
  4. Deuteronomy 15:17 Or servant