Exodus 9-17

English Standard Version

The Fifth Plague: Egyptian Livestock Die

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(A)“Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says ^(B)the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, “Let my people go, that they may serve me. ² For if you refuse to let them go and still hold them, ³ behold, ^(C)the hand of the Lord will fall with a very severe plague upon your livestock that are in the field, the horses, the donkeys, the camels, the herds, and the flocks. ^4 (D)But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that nothing of all that belongs to the people of Israel shall die.”’” ⁵ And the Lord set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.” ⁶ And the next day the Lord did this thing. ^(E)All the livestock of the Egyptians died, but not one of the livestock of the people of Israel died. ⁷ And Pharaoh sent, and behold, not one of the livestock of Israel was dead. But ^(F)the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

The Sixth Plague: Boils

⁸ And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from the kiln, and let Moses throw them in the air in the sight of Pharaoh. ⁹ It shall become fine dust over all the land of Egypt, and become ^(G)boils breaking out in sores on man and beast throughout all the land of Egypt.” ¹⁰ So they took soot from the kiln and stood before Pharaoh. And Moses threw it in the air, and it became boils breaking out in sores on man and beast. ¹¹ And ^(H)the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils came upon the magicians and upon all the Egyptians. ^12 (I)But the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he did not listen to them, as ^(J)the Lord had spoken to Moses.

The Seventh Plague: Hail

¹³ Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(K)“Rise up early in the morning and present yourself before Pharaoh and say to him, ‘Thus says the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, “Let my people go, that they may serve me. ¹⁴ For this time I will send all my plagues on you yourself,^[a] and on your servants and your people, so ^(L)that you may know that there is none like me in all the earth. ¹⁵ For by now I could have put out my hand and struck you and your people with pestilence, and you would have been cut off from the earth. ^16 (M)But for this purpose I have raised you up, to show you my power, so ^(N)that my name may be proclaimed in all the earth. ^17 (O)You are still exalting yourself against my people and will not let them go. ¹⁸ Behold, about this time tomorrow I will cause very heavy hail to fall, such as never has been in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. ¹⁹ Now therefore send, ^(P)get your livestock and all that you have in the field into safe shelter, for every man and beast that is in the field and is not brought home will die when the hail falls on them.”’” ²⁰ Then whoever feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh hurried his slaves and his livestock into the houses, ²¹ but whoever did not pay attention to the word of the Lord left his slaves and his livestock in the field.

²² Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, so that there may be ^(Q)hail in all the land of Egypt, on man and beast and every plant of the field, in the land of Egypt.” ²³ Then Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the ^(R)Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire ran down to the earth. And the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt. ²⁴ There was hail and fire flashing continually in the midst of the hail, very heavy hail, such as had never been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation. ²⁵ The hail struck down everything that was in the field in all the land of Egypt, both man and beast. And the hail ^(S)struck down every plant of the field and broke every tree of the field. ^26 (T)Only in the land of Goshen, where the people of Israel were, was there no hail.

²⁷ Then Pharaoh sent and called Moses and Aaron and said to them, “This time ^(U)I have sinned; the ^(V)Lord is in the right, and I and my people are in the wrong. ^28 (W)Plead with the Lord, for there has been enough of God's thunder and hail. I will let you go, and you shall stay no longer.” ²⁹ Moses said to him, “As soon as I have gone out of the city, ^(X)I will stretch out my hands to the Lord. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know that ^(Y)the earth is the Lord's. ³⁰ But as for you and your servants, ^(Z)I know that you do not yet fear the Lord God.” ³¹ (The flax and the barley were struck down, for the barley was in the ear and the flax was in bud. ³² But the wheat and the emmer^[b] were not struck down, for they are late in coming up.) ³³ So Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh and ^(AA)stretched out his hands to the Lord, and the thunder and the hail ceased, and the rain no longer poured upon the earth. ³⁴ But when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunder had ceased, he sinned yet again and ^(AB)hardened his heart, ^(AC)he and his servants. ³⁵ So ^(AD)the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people of Israel go, just as the Lord had spoken through Moses.

The Eighth Plague: Locusts

10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them, ² and ^(AE)that you may tell in the hearing of your son and of your grandson how I have dealt harshly with the Egyptians and what signs I have done among them, ^(AF)that you may know that I am the Lord.”

³ So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, “Thus says the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, ‘How long will you refuse to ^(AG)humble yourself before me? Let my people go, that they may serve me. ⁴ For if you refuse to let my people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring ^(AH)locusts into your country, ⁵ and they shall cover the face of the land, so that no one can see the land. And they shall ^(AI)eat what is left to you after the hail, and they shall eat every tree of yours that grows in the field, ⁶ and they shall fill ^(AJ)your houses and the houses of all your servants and of all the Egyptians, as neither your fathers nor your grandfathers have seen, from the day they came on earth to this day.’” Then he turned and went out from Pharaoh.

⁷ Then Pharaoh's servants said to him, “How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve the Lord their God. Do you not yet understand that Egypt is ruined?” ⁸ So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. And he said to them, ^(AK)“Go, serve the Lord your God. But which ones are to go?” ⁹ Moses said, “We will go with our young and our old. We will go with our sons and daughters and with our flocks and herds, for ^(AL)we must hold a feast to the Lord.” ¹⁰ But he said to them, “The Lord be with you, if ever I let you and your ^(AM)little ones go! Look, you have some evil purpose in mind.^{[c] 11} No! Go, the men among you, and serve the Lord, for that is what you are asking.” And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.

¹² Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(AN)“Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, so that they may come upon the land of Egypt and ^(AO)eat every plant in the land, all that the hail has left.” ¹³ So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord brought an east wind upon the land all that day and all that night. When it was morning, the east wind had brought the locusts. ^14 (AP)The locusts came up over all the land of Egypt and settled on the whole country of Egypt, ^(AQ)such a dense swarm of locusts as had never been before, nor ever will be again. ¹⁵ They covered the face of the whole land, so that the land was darkened, and ^(AR)they ate all the plants in the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Not a green thing remained, neither tree nor plant of the field, through all the land of Egypt. ¹⁶ Then Pharaoh hastily called Moses and Aaron and said, ^(AS)“I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you. ¹⁷ Now therefore, forgive my sin, please, only this once, and ^(AT)plead with the Lord your God only to remove this death from me.” ¹⁸ So ^(AU)he went out from Pharaoh and pleaded with the Lord. ¹⁹ And the Lord turned the wind into a very strong west wind, which lifted the locusts and drove them ^(AV)into the Red Sea. Not a single locust was left in all the country of Egypt. ²⁰ But the Lord ^(AW)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go.

The Ninth Plague: Darkness

²¹ Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(AX)“Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be ^(AY)darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness to be felt.” ²² So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was pitch darkness in all the land of Egypt three days. ²³ They did not see one another, nor did anyone rise from his place for three days, but ^(AZ)all the people of Israel had light where they lived. ²⁴ Then Pharaoh called Moses and said, ^(BA)“Go, serve the Lord; ^(BB)your little ones also may go with you; only let your flocks and your herds remain behind.” ²⁵ But Moses said, “You must also let us have sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God. ²⁶ Our livestock also must go with us; not a hoof shall be left behind, for we must take of them to serve the Lord our God, and we do not know with what we must serve the Lord until we arrive there.” ²⁷ But the Lord ^(BC)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go. ²⁸ Then Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me; take care never to see my face again, for on the day you see my face you shall die.” ²⁹ Moses said, “As you say! ^(BD)I will not see your face again.”

A Final Plague Threatened

11 The Lord said to Moses, “Yet ^(BE)one plague more I will bring upon Pharaoh and upon Egypt. Afterward he will let you go from here. ^(BF)When he lets you go, he will drive you away completely. ² Speak now in the hearing of the people, that ^(BG)they ask, every man of his neighbor and every woman of her neighbor, for silver and gold jewelry.” ^3 (BH)And the Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants and in the sight of the people.

⁴ So Moses said, “Thus says the Lord: ^(BI)‘About midnight I will go out in the midst of Egypt, ⁵ and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is ^(BJ)behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. ^6 (BK)There shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there has never been, nor ever will be again. ⁷ But not a dog shall growl ^(BL)against any of the people of Israel, either man or beast, that you may know that the Lord ^(BM)makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel.’ ⁸ And ^(BN)all these your servants shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, you and all the people who follow you.’ And after that I will go out.” And he went out from Pharaoh in hot anger. ⁹ Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(BO)“Pharaoh will not listen to you, that ^(BP)my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.”

¹⁰ Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the Lord ^(BQ)hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.

The Passover

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, ^2 (BR)“This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you. ³ Tell all the congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month every man shall take a lamb ^(BS)according to their fathers' houses, a lamb for a household. ⁴ And if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his nearest neighbor shall take according to the number of persons; according to what each can eat you shall make your count for the lamb. ⁵ Your lamb shall be ^(BT)without blemish, a male a year old. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats, ⁶ and you shall keep it until the ^(BU)fourteenth day of this month, when the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill their lambs at twilight.^[d]

⁷ “Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the ^(BV)two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it. ⁸ They shall eat the flesh that night, roasted on the fire; with ^(BW)unleavened bread and bitter herbs they shall eat it. ⁹ Do not eat any of it raw or boiled in water, but ^(BX)roasted, its head with its legs and its inner parts. ¹⁰ And ^(BY)you shall let none of it remain until the morning; anything that remains until the morning you shall burn. ¹¹ In this manner you shall eat it: with ^(BZ)your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. ^(CA)It is the Lord's Passover. ¹² For ^(CB)I will pass through the land of Egypt that night, and I will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and on ^(CC)all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgments: ^(CD)I am the Lord. ^13 (CE)The blood shall be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.

¹⁴ “This day shall be ^(CF)for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord; throughout your generations, as a ^(CG)statute forever, you shall keep it as a feast. ^15 (CH)Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven out of your houses, for if anyone eats what is leavened, from the first day until the seventh day, ^(CI)that person shall be cut off from Israel. ¹⁶ On the first day you shall hold a ^(CJ)holy assembly, and on the seventh day a holy assembly. No work shall be done on those days. But what everyone needs to eat, that alone may be prepared by you. ¹⁷ And you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for ^(CK)on this very day I brought your ^(CL)hosts out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day, throughout your generations, as a statute forever. ^18 (CM)In the first month, from the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. ^19 (CN)For seven days no leaven is to be found in your houses. If anyone eats what is leavened, ^(CO)that person will be cut off from the congregation of Israel, ^(CP)whether he is a sojourner or a native of the land. ²⁰ You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwelling places you shall eat unleavened bread.”

²¹ Then Moses called all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go and select lambs for yourselves ^(CQ)according to your clans, and kill the Passover lamb. ²² Take a bunch of ^(CR)hyssop and ^(CS)dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and touch ^(CT)the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. ^(CU)None of you shall go out of the door of his house until the morning. ^23 (CV)For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when he sees the blood on ^(CW)the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and ^(CX)will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. ²⁴ You shall observe this rite as a statute for you and for your sons forever. ²⁵ And when you come to the land that the Lord will give you, ^(CY)as he has promised, you shall keep this service. ²⁶ And ^(CZ)when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ ²⁷ you shall say, ^(DA)‘It is the sacrifice of the Lord's Passover, for he passed over the houses of the people of Israel in Egypt, when he struck the Egyptians but spared our houses.’” And the people ^(DB)bowed their heads and worshiped.

²⁸ Then the people of Israel went and did so; as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

^29 (DC)At midnight the ^(DD)Lord struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, ^(DE)from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock. ³⁰ And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he and all his servants and all the Egyptians. And there was ^(DF)a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where someone was not dead. ³¹ Then he summoned Moses and Aaron by night and said, “Up, go out from among my people, ^(DG)both you and the people of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as you have said. ^32 (DH)Take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone, and bless me also!”

The Exodus

^33 (DI)The Egyptians were urgent with the people to send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” ³⁴ So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders. ³⁵ The people of Israel had also done as Moses told them, for they had ^(DJ)asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing. ^36 (DK)And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that ^(DL)they let them have what they asked. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.

³⁷ And the ^(DM)people of Israel journeyed from ^(DN)Rameses to Succoth, ^(DO)about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. ³⁸ A ^(DP)mixed multitude also went up with them, and very much livestock, both flocks and herds. ³⁹ And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough that they had brought out of Egypt, for it was not leavened, because ^(DQ)they were thrust out of Egypt and ^(DR)could not wait, nor had they prepared any provisions for themselves.

⁴⁰ The time that the people of Israel lived in Egypt was 430 years. ⁴¹ At the end of ^(DS)430 years, on that very day, all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. ⁴² It was a night of watching by the Lord, to bring them out of the land of Egypt; so this same night is a ^(DT)night of watching kept to the Lord by all the people of Israel throughout their generations.

Institution of the Passover

⁴³ And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner shall eat of it, ⁴⁴ but every slave^[e] that is ^(DU)bought for money may eat of it after you have circumcised him. ^45 (DV)No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it. ⁴⁶ It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and ^(DW)you shall not break any of its bones. ^47 (DX)All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. ^48 (DY)If a stranger shall sojourn with you and would keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised. Then he may come near and keep it; he ^(DZ)shall be as a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person shall eat of it. ⁴⁹ There shall be ^(EA)one law for the native and for the ^(EB)stranger who sojourns among you.”

⁵⁰ All the people of Israel did just as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron. ⁵¹ And on that very day the ^(EC)Lord brought the people of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their ^(ED)hosts.

Consecration of the Firstborn

13 The Lord said to Moses, ^2 (EE)“Consecrate to me all the firstborn. Whatever is the first to open the womb among the people of Israel, both of man and of beast, is mine.”

The Feast of Unleavened Bread

³ Then Moses said to the people, ^(EF)“Remember this day in which you came out from Egypt, out of the house of slavery, ^(EG)for by a strong hand the Lord brought you out from this place. ^(EH)No leavened bread shall be eaten. ⁴ Today, in the month of ^(EI)Abib, you are going out. ⁵ And when the Lord brings you into ^(EJ)the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, which ^(EK)he swore to your fathers to give you, a land ^(EL)flowing with milk and honey, ^(EM)you shall keep this service in this month. ^6 (EN)Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the Lord. ⁷ Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days; no leavened bread shall be seen with you, and no leaven shall be seen with you in all your territory. ^8 (EO)You shall tell your son on that day, ‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ ⁹ And it shall ^(EP)be to you as a sign on your hand and as ^(EQ)a memorial ^(ER)between your eyes, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a strong hand the Lord has brought you out of Egypt. ^10 (ES)You shall therefore keep this statute at its appointed time from year to year.

¹¹ “When the Lord brings you into the land of the Canaanites, ^(ET)as he swore to you and your fathers, and shall give it to you, ^12 (EU)you shall set apart to the Lord all that first opens the womb. All the firstborn of your animals that are males shall be the Lord's. ^13 (EV)Every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. Every ^(EW)firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem. ^14 (EX)And when in time to come your son asks you, ‘What does this mean?’ you shall say to him, ^(EY)‘By a strong hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt, from the house of ^(EZ)slavery. ¹⁵ For when Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the ^(FA)Lord killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man and the firstborn of animals. Therefore I sacrifice to the Lord all the males that first open the womb, but ^(FB)all the firstborn of my sons I redeem.’ ^16 (FC)It shall be as a mark on your hand or frontlets between your eyes, for ^(FD)by a strong hand the Lord brought us out of Egypt.”

Pillars of Cloud and Fire

¹⁷ When Pharaoh let the people go, God did ^(FE)not lead them by way of the land of the Philistines, although that was near. For God said, “Lest the people ^(FF)change their minds when they see war and return to Egypt.” ¹⁸ But God ^(FG)led the people around by the way of the wilderness toward the Red Sea. And the people of Israel went up out of the land of Egypt equipped for battle. ¹⁹ Moses took the bones of Joseph with him, for Joseph^[f] had made the sons of Israel solemnly swear, saying, ^(FH)“God will surely visit you, and you shall carry up my bones with you from here.” ²⁰ And ^(FI)they moved on from Succoth and encamped at Etham, on the edge of the wilderness. ²¹ And ^(FJ)the Lord went before them by day in a pillar of cloud to lead them along the way, and by night in a pillar of fire to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. ²² The pillar of cloud by day and the pillar of fire by night did not depart from before the people.

Crossing the Red Sea

14 Then the Lord said to Moses, ² “Tell the people of Israel to ^(FK)turn back and encamp in front of Pi-hahiroth, between ^(FL)Migdol and the sea, in front of Baal-zephon; you shall encamp facing it, by the sea. ³ For Pharaoh will say of the people of Israel, ‘They are wandering in the land; the wilderness has shut them in.’ ⁴ And ^(FM)I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and he will pursue them, and I will ^(FN)get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, ^(FO)and the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord.” And they did so.

⁵ When the king of Egypt was told that the people had fled, the ^(FP)mind of Pharaoh and his servants was changed toward the people, and they said, “What is this we have done, that we have let Israel go from serving us?” ⁶ So he made ready his chariot and took his army with him, ⁷ and took ^(FQ)six hundred chosen chariots and all the other chariots of Egypt with officers over all of them. ⁸ And ^(FR)the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the people of Israel while ^(FS)the people of Israel were going out defiantly. ⁹ The ^(FT)Egyptians pursued them, all Pharaoh's horses and chariots and his horsemen and his army, and overtook them ^(FU)encamped at the sea, by Pi-hahiroth, in front of Baal-zephon.

¹⁰ When Pharaoh drew near, the people of Israel lifted up their eyes, and behold, the Egyptians were marching after them, and they feared greatly. And the people of Israel ^(FV)cried out to the Lord. ¹¹ They ^(FW)said to Moses, “Is it because there are no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? What have you done to us in bringing us out of Egypt? ¹² Is not this what ^(FX)we said to you in Egypt: ‘Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.” ¹³ And Moses said to the people, ^(FY)“Fear not, stand firm, and see the salvation of the Lord, which he will work for you today. For ^(FZ)the Egyptians whom you see today, you shall never see again. ^14 (GA)The Lord will fight for you, and you have only ^(GB)to be silent.”

¹⁵ The Lord said to Moses, “Why do you cry to me? Tell the people of Israel to go forward. ^16 (GC)Lift up your staff, and ^(GD)stretch out your hand over the sea and divide it, that the people of Israel may go through the sea on dry ground. ¹⁷ And ^(GE)I will harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they shall go in after them, and ^(GF)I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, his chariots, and his horsemen. ¹⁸ And the Egyptians ^(GG)shall know that I am the Lord, ^(GH)when I have gotten glory over Pharaoh, his chariots, and his horsemen.”

^19 (GI)Then the angel of God who was going before the host of Israel moved and went behind them, and the pillar of cloud moved from before them and stood behind them, ²⁰ coming between the host of Egypt and the host of Israel. And there was the cloud and the darkness. And it lit up the night^[g] without one coming near the other all night.

²¹ Then Moses ^(GJ)stretched out his hand over the sea, and the Lord drove the sea back by ^(GK)a strong east wind all night and ^(GL)made the sea dry land, and the waters were ^(GM)divided. ²² And ^(GN)the people of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, the waters being ^(GO)a wall to them on their right hand and on their left. ²³ The Egyptians pursued and went in after them into the midst of the sea, all Pharaoh's horses, his chariots, and his horsemen. ²⁴ And in the morning watch the Lord in the pillar of fire and of cloud looked down on the Egyptian forces and threw the Egyptian forces into a panic, ²⁵ clogging^[h] their chariot wheels so that they drove heavily. And the Egyptians said, “Let us flee from before Israel, for the ^(GP)Lord fights for them against the Egyptians.”

²⁶ Then the Lord said to Moses, ^(GQ)“Stretch out your hand over the sea, that the water may come back upon the Egyptians, upon their chariots, and upon their horsemen.” ^27 (GR)So Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and the sea ^(GS)returned to its normal course when the morning appeared. And as the Egyptians fled into it, the Lord ^(GT)threw^[i] the Egyptians into the midst of the sea. ²⁸ The ^(GU)waters returned and covered the chariots and the horsemen; of all the host of Pharaoh that had followed them into the sea, ^(GV)not one of them remained. ²⁹ But the ^(GW)people of Israel walked on dry ground through the sea, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.

³⁰ Thus the Lord ^(GX)saved Israel that day from the hand of the Egyptians, and Israel saw the Egyptians dead on the seashore. ^31 (GY)Israel saw the great power that the Lord used against the Egyptians, so the people feared the Lord, and they ^(GZ)believed in the Lord and in his servant Moses.

The Song of Moses

15 Then Moses and the people of Israel ^(HA)sang this song to the Lord, saying,

¹⁹ For when ^(IO)the horses of Pharaoh with his chariots and his horsemen went into the sea, ^(IP)the Lord brought back the waters of the sea upon them, but the people of Israel walked on dry ground in the midst of the sea. ²⁰ Then ^(IQ)Miriam ^(IR)the prophetess, the ^(IS)sister of Aaron, took a tambourine in her hand, and ^(IT)all the women went out after her with tambourines and dancing. ²¹ And Miriam sang to them:

Bitter Water Made Sweet

²² Then Moses made Israel set out from the Red Sea, and they went into the wilderness of ^(IV)Shur. They went three days in the wilderness and found no water. ²³ When they came to ^(IW)Marah, they could not drink the water of Marah because it was bitter; therefore it was named Marah.^{[k] 24} And the people ^(IX)grumbled against Moses, saying, “What shall we drink?” ²⁵ And he ^(IY)cried to the Lord, and the Lord showed him a log,^[l] and he ^(IZ)threw it into the water, and the water became sweet.

There the Lord^[m] made for them a statute and a rule, and there he ^(JA)tested them, ²⁶ saying, ^(JB)“If you will diligently listen to the voice of the Lord your God, and do that which is right in his eyes, and give ear to his commandments and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the ^(JC)diseases on you that I put on the Egyptians, for I am the Lord, ^(JD)your healer.”

²⁷ Then ^(JE)they came to Elim, where there were twelve springs of water and seventy palm trees, and they encamped there by the water.

Bread from Heaven

16 They ^(JF)set out from Elim, and all the congregation of the people of Israel came to the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after they had departed from the land of Egypt. ² And the whole congregation of the people of Israel ^(JG)grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, ³ and the people of Israel said to them, ^(JH)“Would that we had died by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, ^(JI)when we sat by the meat pots and ate bread to the full, for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger.”

⁴ Then the Lord said to Moses, “Behold, I am about to rain ^(JJ)bread from heaven for you, and the people shall go out and gather a day's portion every day, that I may ^(JK)test them, whether they will walk in my law or not. ⁵ On the sixth day, when they prepare what they bring in, ^(JL)it will be twice as much as they gather daily.” ⁶ So Moses and Aaron said to all the people of Israel, ^(JM)“At evening ^(JN)you shall know that it was the Lord who brought you out of the land of Egypt, ⁷ and in the morning you shall see the ^(JO)glory of the Lord, because he has heard your grumbling against the Lord. For ^(JP)what are we, that you grumble against us?” ⁸ And Moses said, “When the Lord gives you in the evening meat to eat and in the morning bread to the full, because the Lord has heard your grumbling that you grumble against him—^(JQ)what are we? Your grumbling is not ^(JR)against us but against the Lord.”

⁹ Then Moses ^(JS)said to Aaron, “Say to the whole congregation of the people of Israel, ^(JT)‘Come near before the Lord, for he has heard your grumbling.’” ¹⁰ And as soon as Aaron spoke to the whole congregation of the people of Israel, they looked toward the wilderness, and behold, the ^(JU)glory of the Lord appeared in the cloud. ¹¹ And the Lord said to Moses, ¹² “I ^(JV)have heard the grumbling of the people of Israel. Say to them, ‘At ^(JW)twilight you shall eat meat, and ^(JX)in the morning you shall be filled with bread. Then you shall know that I am the Lord your God.’”

¹³ In the evening ^(JY)quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning ^(JZ)dew lay around the camp. ¹⁴ And when the dew had gone up, there was on the face of the wilderness a fine, flake-like thing, fine as frost on the ground. ¹⁵ When the people of Israel saw it, they said to one another, ^(KA)“What is it?”^[n] For they ^(KB)did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, ^(KC)“It is the bread that the Lord has given you to eat. ¹⁶ This is what the Lord has commanded: ‘Gather of it, each one of you, as much as he can eat. You shall each take an ^(KD)omer,^[o] according to the number of the persons that each of you has in his tent.’” ¹⁷ And the people of Israel did so. They gathered, some more, some less. ¹⁸ But when they measured it with an omer, ^(KE)whoever gathered much had nothing left over, and whoever gathered little had no lack. Each of them gathered as much as he could eat. ¹⁹ And Moses said to them, “Let no one leave any of it over till the morning.” ²⁰ But they did not listen to Moses. Some left part of it till the morning, and ^(KF)it bred worms and stank. And Moses was angry with them. ²¹ Morning by morning they gathered it, each as much as he could eat; but when the sun grew hot, it melted.

²² On ^(KG)the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers each. And when all the leaders of the congregation came and told Moses, ²³ he said to them, “This is what the Lord has commanded: ‘Tomorrow is a day of ^(KH)solemn rest, a holy Sabbath to the Lord; bake what you will bake and boil what you will boil, and all that is left over lay aside to be kept till the morning.’” ²⁴ So they laid it aside till the morning, as Moses commanded them, and ^(KI)it did not stink, and there were no worms in it. ²⁵ Moses said, “Eat it today, for ^(KJ)today is a Sabbath to the Lord; today you will not find it in the field. ²⁶ Six days you shall gather it, but on the seventh day, which is a Sabbath, there will be none.”

²⁷ On the seventh day some of the people went out to gather, but they found none. ²⁸ And the Lord said to Moses, ^(KK)“How long will you refuse to keep my commandments and my laws? ²⁹ See! The Lord has given you the Sabbath; therefore on the sixth day he gives you bread for two days. Remain each of you in his place; let no one go out of his place on the seventh day.” ³⁰ So the people ^(KL)rested on the seventh day.

³¹ Now the house of Israel called its name ^(KM)manna. It was ^(KN)like coriander seed, white, and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. ³² Moses said, “This is what the Lord has commanded: ‘Let an omer of it be kept throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.’” ³³ And Moses said to Aaron, “Take a ^(KO)jar, and put an omer of manna in it, and place it before the Lord to be kept throughout your generations.” ³⁴ As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before ^(KP)the testimony to be kept. ³⁵ The people of Israel ^(KQ)ate the manna forty years, till they came to a habitable land. They ate the manna till ^(KR)they came to the border of the land of Canaan. ³⁶ (An omer is ^(KS)the tenth part of an ephah.)^[p]

Water from the Rock

17 ^(KT)All the congregation of the people of Israel moved on from the wilderness of Sin by stages, according to the commandment of the Lord, and camped at Rephidim, but there was no water for the people to drink. ^2 (KU)Therefore the people quarreled with Moses and said, “Give us water to drink.” And Moses said to them, “Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you ^(KV)test the Lord?” ³ But the people thirsted there for water, and ^(KW)the people grumbled against Moses and said, “Why did you bring us up out of Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock with thirst?” ⁴ So Moses cried to the Lord, “What shall I do with this people? They are almost ready ^(KX)to stone me.” ⁵ And the Lord said to Moses, “Pass on before the people, taking with you some of the elders of Israel, and take in your hand the staff with ^(KY)which you struck the Nile, and go. ^6 (KZ)Behold, I will stand before you there on the rock at Horeb, and you shall strike the rock, and water shall come out of it, and the people will drink.” And Moses did so, in the sight of the elders of Israel. ⁷ And he called the name of the place ^(LA)Massah^[q] and ^(LB)Meribah,^[r] because of the quarreling of the people of Israel, and because they tested the Lord by saying, “Is the Lord among us or not?”

Israel Defeats Amalek

^8 (LC)Then Amalek came and fought with Israel at Rephidim. ⁹ So Moses said to ^(LD)Joshua, “Choose for us men, and go out and fight with Amalek. Tomorrow I will stand on the top of the hill with ^(LE)the staff of God in my hand.”