Add parallel Print Page Options

Job’s Final Defense

29 Then[a] Job again took up his discourse and said,

O that I were[b] as in the months before,
as in the days when God watched over me,
when his shining lamp was over my head—
by his light I walked through darkness—
as when I was in the days of my prime,
when God’s confiding was over my house,[c]
when Shaddaiwas still with me,
my children were all around me,
when my paths were washed in sour milk,
and the rock poured out streams of oil for me.

Read full chapter

Footnotes

  1. Job 29:1 Hebrew “And”
  2. Job 29:2 Literally “Who shall give me”
  3. Job 29:4 Literally “tent”

IV. Job’s Concluding Soliloquy (29:1-31:40)

Job Recalls His Former Condition[a]

29 Then Job continued[b] his speech:

“O that I could be[c] as[d] I was
in the months now gone,[e]
in the days[f] when God watched over[g] me,
when[h] he caused[i] his lamp[j]
to shine upon my head,
and by his light
I walked[k] through darkness;[l]
just as I was in my most productive time,[m]
when God’s intimate friendship[n] was experienced in my tent,
when the Almighty[o] was still with me
and my children were[p] around me;
when my steps[q] were bathed[r] with butter[s]
and the rock poured out for me streams of olive oil![t]

Read full chapter

Footnotes

  1. Job 29:1 sn Now that the debate with his friends is over, Job concludes with a soliloquy, just as he had begun with one. Here he does not take into account his friends or their arguments. The speech has three main sections: Job’s review of his former circumstances (29:1-25); Job’s present misery (30:1-31); and Job’s vindication of his life (31:1-40).
  2. Job 29:1 tn The verse uses a verbal hendiadys: “and he added (וַיֹּסֶף, vayyosef)…to raise (שְׂאֵת, seʾet) his speech.” The expression means that he continued, or he spoke again.
  3. Job 29:2 tn The optative is here expressed with מִי־יִתְּנֵנִי (mi yitteneni, “who will give me”), meaning, “O that I [could be]…” (see GKC 477 §151.b).
  4. Job 29:2 tn The preposition כ (kaf) is used here in an expression describing the state desired, especially in the former time (see GKC 376 §118.u).
  5. Job 29:2 tn The expression is literally “months of before [or of old; or past].” The word קֶדֶם (qedem) is intended here to be temporal and not spatial; it means days that preceded the present.
  6. Job 29:2 tn The construct state (“days of”) governs the independent sentence that follows (see GKC 422 §130.d): “as the days of […] God used to watch over me.”
  7. Job 29:2 tn The imperfect verb here has a customary nuance—“when God would watch over me” (back then), or “when God used to watch over me.”
  8. Job 29:3 tn This clause is in apposition to the preceding (see GKC 426 §131.o). It offers a clarification.
  9. Job 29:3 tn The form בְּהִלּוֹ (behillo) is unusual; it should be parsed as a Hiphil infinitive construct with the elision of a ה (he). The proper spelling would have been בַּהֲהִלּוֹ (bahahillo). If it were Qal, it would just mean “when his light shone.”
  10. Job 29:3 sn Lamp and light are symbols of God’s blessings of life and all the prosperous and good things it includes.
  11. Job 29:3 tn Here too the imperfect verb is customary—it describes action that was continuous, but in a past time.
  12. Job 29:3 tn The accusative (“darkness”) is here an adverbial accusative of place, namely, “in the darkness,” or because he was successfully led by God’s light, “through the darkness” (see GKC 374 §118.h).
  13. Job 29:4 tn Heb “in the days of my ripeness.” The word חֹרֶף (khoref) denotes the time when the harvest is gathered in because the fruit is ripe. Since this is the autumn, many translate that way here—but “autumn” has a different connotation now. The text is pointing to a time when the righteous reaps what he has sown, and can enjoy the benefits. The translation “most productive time” seems to capture the point better than “autumn” or even “prime.”
  14. Job 29:4 tc The word סוֹד (sod) in this verse is an infinitive construct, prefixed with the temporal preposition and followed by a subjective genitive. It forms a temporal clause. There is some disagreement about the form and its meaning. The confusion in the versions shows that they were paraphrasing to get the general sense. In the Bible the derived noun (from יָסַד, yasad) means (a) a circle of close friends; (b) intimacy. Others follow the LXX and the Syriac with a meaning of “protect,” based on a change from ד (dalet) to כ (kaf), and assuming the root was סָכַךְ (sakhakh). This would mean, “when God protected my tent” (cf. NAB). D. W. Thomas tries to justify this meaning without changing the text (“The Interpretation of BSŌD in Job 29:4, ” JBL 65 [1946]: 63-66).
  15. Job 29:5 tn Heb “Shaddai.”
  16. Job 29:5 tc Some commentators suggest that עִמָּדִי (ʿimmadi, “with me”) of the second colon of v. 6 (which is too long) belongs to the second colon of v. 5, and should be pointed as the verb עָמָדוּ (ʿamadu, “they stood”), meaning the boys stood around him (see, e.g., E. Dhorme, Job, 417). But as R. Gordis (Job, 319) notes, there is a purpose for the imbalance of the metric pattern at the end of a section.
  17. Job 29:6 tn The word is a hapax legomenon, but the meaning is clear enough. It refers to the walking, the steps, or even the paths where one walks. It is figurative of his course of life.
  18. Job 29:6 tn The Hebrew word means “to wash; to bathe”; here it is the infinitive construct in a temporal clause, “my steps” being the genitive: “in the washing of my steps in butter.”
  19. Job 29:6 tn Again, as in Job 21:17, “curds.”
  20. Job 29:6 tn The MT reads literally, “and the rock was poured out [passive participle] for me as streams of oil.” There are some who delete the word “rock” to shorten the line because it seems out of place. But olive trees thrive in rocky soil, and the oil presses are cut into the rock; it is possible that by metonymy all this is intended here (H. H. Rowley, Job [NCBC], 186).