The Priests’ Duties and Privileges

15 “But the Levitical priests descended from Zadok,(A) who kept charge of my sanctuary when the Israelites went astray from me, will approach me to serve me. They will stand before me to offer me fat and blood.” This is the declaration of the Lord God. 16 “They are the ones who may enter my sanctuary(B) and approach my table to serve me.(C) They will keep my mandate. 17 When they enter the gates of the inner court they are to wear linen garments;(D) they must not have on them anything made of wool when they minister at the gates of the inner court and within it. 18 They are to wear linen turbans on their heads and linen undergarments around their waists.(E) They are not to put on anything that makes them sweat. 19 Before they go out to the outer court,[a] to the people, they must take off the clothes they have been ministering in, leave them in the holy chambers, and dress in other clothes(F) so that they do not transmit holiness to the people through their clothes.(G)

20 “They may not shave their heads(H) or let their hair grow long,(I) but are to carefully trim their hair. 21 No priest may drink wine before he enters the inner court.(J) 22 He is not to marry a widow or a divorced woman, but may marry only a virgin from the offspring of the house of Israel,(K) or a widow who is the widow of a priest. 23 They are to teach my people the difference between the holy and the common, and explain to them the difference between the clean and the unclean.(L)

24 “In a dispute, they will officiate as judges and decide the case according to my ordinances.(M) They are to observe my laws and statutes regarding all my appointed festivals, and keep my Sabbaths holy.(N) 25 A priest may not come near a dead person so that he becomes defiled.(O) However, he may defile himself for a father, a mother, a son, a daughter, a brother, or an unmarried sister. 26 After he is cleansed, he is to count off seven days for himself.(P) 27 On the day he goes into the sanctuary, into the inner court(Q) to minister in the sanctuary, he is to present his sin offering.” This is the declaration of the Lord God.

28 “This will be their inheritance: I am their inheritance.(R) You are to give them no possession in Israel: I am their possession. 29 They will eat the grain offering, the sin offering,(S) and the guilt offering. Everything in Israel that is permanently dedicated to the Lord will belong to them.(T) 30 The best of all the firstfruits of every kind and contribution of every kind from all your gifts will belong to the priests.(U) You are to give your first batch of dough to the priest(V) so that a blessing may rest on your homes.(W) 31 The priests may not eat any bird or animal that died naturally or was mauled by wild beasts.(X)

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Footnotes

  1. 44:19 Some Hb mss, LXX, Syr, Vg; other Hb mss read court, to the outer court

15 “However, the Levitical priests of the family of Zadok continued to minister faithfully in the Temple when Israel abandoned me for idols. These men will serve as my ministers. They will stand in my presence and offer the fat and blood of the sacrifices, says the Sovereign Lord. 16 They alone will enter my sanctuary and approach my table to serve me. They will fulfill all my requirements.

17 “When they enter the gateway to the inner courtyard, they must wear only linen clothing. They must wear no wool while on duty in the inner courtyard or in the Temple itself. 18 They must wear linen turbans and linen undergarments. They must not wear anything that would cause them to perspire. 19 When they return to the outer courtyard where the people are, they must take off the clothes they wear while ministering to me. They must leave them in the sacred rooms and put on other clothes so they do not endanger anyone by transmitting holiness to them through this clothing.

20 “They must neither shave their heads nor let their hair grow too long. Instead, they must trim it regularly. 21 The priests must not drink wine before entering the inner courtyard. 22 They may choose their wives only from among the virgins of Israel or the widows of the priests. They may not marry other widows or divorced women. 23 They will teach my people the difference between what is holy and what is common, what is ceremonially clean and unclean.

24 “They will serve as judges to resolve any disagreements among my people. Their decisions must be based on my regulations. And the priests themselves must obey my instructions and decrees at all the sacred festivals, and see to it that the Sabbaths are set apart as holy days.

25 “A priest must not defile himself by being in the presence of a dead person unless it is his father, mother, child, brother, or unmarried sister. In such cases it is permitted. 26 Even then, he can return to his Temple duties only after being ceremonially cleansed and then waiting for seven days. 27 The first day he returns to work and enters the inner courtyard and the sanctuary, he must offer a sin offering for himself, says the Sovereign Lord.

28 “The priests will not have any property or possession of land, for I alone am their special possession. 29 Their food will come from the gifts and sacrifices brought to the Temple by the people—the grain offerings, the sin offerings, and the guilt offerings. Whatever anyone sets apart[a] for the Lord will belong to the priests. 30 The first of the ripe fruits and all the gifts brought to the Lord will go to the priests. The first batch of dough must also be given to the priests so the Lord will bless your homes. 31 The priests may not eat meat from any bird or animal that dies a natural death or that dies after being attacked by another animal.

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Footnotes

  1. 44:29 The Hebrew term used here refers to the complete consecration of things or people to the Lord, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering.