Proclaim on the citadels in Ashdod(A)
and on the citadels in the land of Egypt:
Assemble on the mountains of Samaria,(B)
and see the great turmoil in the city
and the acts of oppression within it.(C)
10 The people are incapable of doing right(D)
this is the Lord’s declaration—
those who store up violence and destruction(E)
in their citadels.

11 Therefore, the Lord God says:

An enemy(F) will surround the land;
he will destroy(G) your strongholds
and plunder your citadels.(H)

12 The Lord says:

As the shepherd snatches two legs
or a piece of an ear
from the lion’s mouth,(I)
so the Israelites who live in Samaria
will be rescued
with only the corner of a bed(J)
or the[a] cushion[b] of a couch.[c](K)

13 Listen and testify(L) against the house of Jacob—
this is the declaration of the Lord God,
the God of Armies.
14 I will punish the altars of Bethel(M)
on the day I punish Israel for its crimes;
the horns of the altar(N) will be cut off
and fall to the ground.(O)
15 I will demolish the winter house(P)
and the summer house;(Q)
the houses inlaid with ivory(R) will be destroyed,
and the great houses(S) will come to an end.

This is the Lord’s declaration.

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Footnotes

  1. 3:12 Or Israelites will be rescued, those who sit in Samaria on a corner of a bed or a
  2. 3:12 Hb obscure
  3. 3:12 LXX, Aq, Sym, Theod, Syr, Tg, Vg read or in Damascus

Samaria Will Fall

Make this announcement in[a] the fortresses of Ashdod
and in the fortresses in the land of Egypt.
Say this:
“Gather on the hills around Samaria![b]
Observe the many acts of violence[c] taking place within the city,[d]
the oppressive deeds[e] occurring in it.”[f]
10 “They do not know how to do what is right,” the Lord says.

“They store up[g] the spoils of destructive violence[h] in their fortresses.
11 Therefore,” says the Sovereign Lord, “an enemy will encircle the land.[i]
He will take away your power;[j]
your fortresses will be looted.”

12 This is what the Lord says:

“Just as a shepherd salvages from the lion’s mouth a couple of leg bones or a piece of an ear,
so the Israelites who live in Samaria will be salvaged.[k]
They will be left with just a corner of a bed,[l]
and a part[m] of a couch.
13 Listen and warn[n] the family[o] of Jacob!”[p]
The Sovereign Lord, the God who commands armies,[q] is speaking!
14 “Certainly when[r] I punish Israel for their[s] covenant transgressions,[t]

I will destroy[u] Bethel’s altars.
The horns[v] of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground.
15 I will destroy both the winter and summer houses.[w]
The houses filled with ivory[x] will be ruined,
the great[y] houses will be swept away.”[z]
The Lord is speaking!

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Footnotes

  1. Amos 3:9 tn Heb “on” or “over” (also later in this verse).
  2. Amos 3:9 sn Samaria might refer here both to the region and to the capital city (later known as Sebaste). On the other hand, there actually are hills that surround the mound upon which the city was built. The implication is that the nations can come and sit and see from those hills the sin of the capital city and its judgment.
  3. Amos 3:9 tn The Hebrew noun carries the nuance of “panic” or “confusion.” Here it refers metonymically to the violent deeds that terrorize the oppressed.
  4. Amos 3:9 tn Heb “in her midst” (so NAB, NASB); cf. NIV “among her people.”
  5. Amos 3:9 tn The translation assumes the form is an abstract plural (see Job 35:9; Eccl 4:1). Another option is to understand the form as a substantival passive participle and translate, “the oppressed” (so KJV).
  6. Amos 3:9 tn Heb “within her.”
  7. Amos 3:10 tn Heb “those who.”
  8. Amos 3:10 tn Heb “violence and destruction.” The expression “violence and destruction” stand metonymically for the goods the oppressors have accumulated by their unjust actions.
  9. Amos 3:11 tc The MT reads “an enemy and around the land.” It is also possible to take the MT as an exclamation (“an enemy, and all about the land!”; see S. M. Paul, Amos [Hermeneia], 118; NJPS; cf. NLT). Most scholars and versions emend the text to יְסוֹבֵב (yesovev, Polel imperfect), “will encircle.”
  10. Amos 3:11 tn Heb “He will bring down your power from you.” Some emend the text to read, “Your power will be brought down from you.” The shift, however, from an active to a passive sense also appears at 3:14 (“I will destroy Bethel’s altars. The horns of the altar will be cut off.”) The pronouns (“your…you”) are feminine singular, indicating that the personified city of Samaria is addressed here. Samaria’s “power” here is her defenses and/or wealth.
  11. Amos 3:12 sn The verb translated salvaged, though often used in a positive sense of deliverance from harm, is here employed in a sarcastic manner. A shepherd would attempt to salvage part of an animal to prove that a predator had indeed killed it. In this way he could prove that he had not stolen the missing animal and absolve himself from any responsibility to repay the owner (see Exod 22:12-13).
  12. Amos 3:12 tn Heb “with a corner of a bed.”
  13. Amos 3:12 tn The meaning of the Hebrew word דְּמֶשֶׁק (demesheq), which occurs only here, is uncertain. If not emended, it is usually related to the term דַּמֶּשֶׂק (dammeseq) and translated as the “Damask linens” of the bed (cf. NASB “the cover”) or as “in Damascus” (so KJV, NJB, NIV). The differences in spelling (Damascus is spelled correctly in 5:27), historical considerations, and the word order make both of these derivations unlikely. Many emendations have been proposed (e.g., “a part from the foot [of a bed],” based on a different division of the Hebrew letters (cf. NEB, NRSV); and “on the edge,” based on a Hebrew term not attested in the Bible (NKJV). Some suggest a resemblance to an Akkadian term that means “sideboard [of a bed],” which is sometimes incorrectly rendered “headboard” (NJPS; see S. M. Paul, Amos [Hermeneia], 121-22). Most likely another part of a bed or couch is in view, but it is difficult to be more specific.
  14. Amos 3:13 tn Or “testify against.”
  15. Amos 3:13 tn Heb “house.”
  16. Amos 3:13 tn These words are spoken to either the unidentified heralds addressed at the beginning of v. 9, or to the Egyptians and Philistines (see v. 9b). Another possibility is that one is not to look for a specific addressee but rather appreciate the command simply as a rhetorical device to grab the attention of the listeners and readers of the prophetic message.
  17. Amos 3:13 tn Traditionally, “the God of hosts.”
  18. Amos 3:14 tn Heb “in the day.”
  19. Amos 3:14 tn Heb “his.” With the referent “Israel” here, this amounts to a collective singular.
  20. Amos 3:14 tn Traditionally, “transgressions, sins,” but see the note on the word “crimes” in 1:3.
  21. Amos 3:14 tn Heb “punish” (so NASB, NRSV).
  22. Amos 3:14 sn The horns of an ancient altar projected upwards from the four corners and resembled an animal’s horns in appearance. Fugitives could seek asylum by grabbing hold of these corners (see Exod 21:14; 1 Kgs 1:50; 2:28). When the altar’s horns were cut off, there would be no place of asylum left for the Lord’s enemies.
  23. Amos 3:15 tn Heb “the winter house along with the summer house.”sn Like kings, many in Israel’s wealthy class owned both winter and summer houses (cf. 1 Kgs 21:1, 18; Jer 36:22). For a discussion of archaeological evidence relating to these structures, see P. King, Amos, Hosea, Micah, 64-65.
  24. Amos 3:15 tn Heb “houses of ivory.” These houses were not made of ivory, but they had ivory panels and furniture decorated with ivory inlays. See P. King, Amos, Hosea, Micah, 139-48.
  25. Amos 3:15 tn Or “many,” cf. NAB “their many rooms.”
  26. Amos 3:15 tn The translation assumes the form is from the Hebrew verb סָפָה (safah, “to sweep away”) rather than סוּף (suf, “to come to an end”), which is the choice of most versions. Either option effectively communicates the destruction of the structures.