Footnotes

1. Acts 3:12 tn Or perhaps “People of Israel,” since this was taking place in Solomon’s Portico and women may have been present. The Greek ἄνδρες ᾿Ισραηλῖται (andres Israēlitai) used in the plural would normally mean “men, gentlemen” (BDAG 79 s.v. ἀνήρ 1.a).
2. Acts 3:12 tn Grk “or why.”
3. Acts 3:12 tn Grk “him”; the referent (the man) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
4. Acts 3:13 tc ‡ The repetition of ὁ θεός (ho theos, “God”) before the names of Isaac and Jacob is found in P⁷⁴ א C (A D without article) 36 104 1175 lat. The omission of the second and third ὁ θεός is supported by B E Ψ 33 1739 M. The other time that Exod 3:6 is quoted in Acts (7:32) the best witnesses also lack the repeated ὁ θεός, but the three other times this OT passage is quoted in the NT the full form, with the thrice-mentioned θεός, is used (Matt 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37). Scribes would be prone to conform the wording here to the LXX; the longer reading is thus most likely not authentic. NA²⁸ has the words in brackets, indicating doubts as to their authenticity.
5. Acts 3:13 tn Or “ancestors”; Grk “fathers.”sn The reference to the God of the patriarchs is a reminder that God is the God of the nation and of promises. The phrase God of our forefathers is from the Hebrew scriptures (Exod 3:6, 15-16; 4:5; see also the Jewish prayer known as “The Eighteen Benedictions”). Once again, event has led to explanation, or what is called the “sign and speech” pattern.
6. Acts 3:13 sn Has glorified. Jesus is alive, raised and active, as the healing illustrates so dramatically how God honors him.
7. Acts 3:13 sn His servant. The term servant has messianic connotations given the context of the promise, the note of suffering, and the titles and functions noted in vv. 14-15.
8. Acts 3:13 tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”
9. Acts 3:13 tn This genitive absolute construction could be understood as temporal (“when he had decided”) or concessive (“although he had decided”).
10. Acts 3:14 tn Or “denied,” “disowned.”
11. Acts 3:15 tn Or “You put to death.”
12. Acts 3:15 tn Or “Founder,” “founding Leader.”
13. Acts 3:15 sn Whom God raised. God is the main actor here, as he testifies to Jesus and vindicates him.
14. Acts 3:15 tn Grk “whom God raised from the dead, of which we are witnesses.” The two consecutive relative clauses make for awkward English style, so the second was begun as a new sentence with the words “to this fact” supplied in place of the Greek relative pronoun to make a complete sentence in English.sn We are witnesses. Note the two witnesses here, Peter and John (Acts 5:32; Heb 2:3-4).
15. Acts 3:16 tn Grk “in his name”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
16. Acts 3:16 sn Here is another example of appeal to the person by mentioning the name. See the note on the word name in 3:6.
17. Acts 3:16 tn Grk “see and know, and the faith.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation and καί (kai, “and”) has not been translated.
18. Acts 3:16 tn Grk “him”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.sn The faith that is through Jesus. Note how this verse explains how the claim to “faith in Jesus’ name” works and what it means. To appeal to the name is to point to the person. It is not clear that the man expressed faith before the miracle. This could well be a “grace-faith miracle” where God grants power through the apostles to picture how much a gift life is (Luke 17:11-19). Christology and grace are emphasized here.
19. Acts 3:16 tn Or “in full view.”
20. Acts 3:17 sn The ignorance Peter mentions here does not excuse them from culpability. It was simply a way to say “you did not realize the great mistake you made.”
21. Acts 3:18 sn God foretold. Peter’s topic is the working out of God’s plan and promise through events the scriptures also note.
22. Acts 3:18 tn Grk “by the mouth of” (an idiom).
23. Acts 3:18 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn See the note on Christ in 2:31.
24. Acts 3:20 tn Or “relief.”sn Times of refreshing. The phrase implies relief from difficult, distressful or burdensome circumstances. It is generally regarded as a reference to the messianic age being ushered in.
25. Acts 3:20 tn The words “so that…Lord” are traditionally placed in v. 19 by most English translations, but in the present translation the verse division follows the standard critical editions of the Greek text (NA²⁸, UBS⁵).
26. Acts 3:20 tn Or “the Christ”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”sn He may send the Messiah appointed for you—that is, Jesus. The language points to the expectation of Jesus’ return to gather his people. It is a development of the question raised in Acts 1:6.
27. Acts 3:20 tn Or “designated in advance.”
28. Acts 3:21 tn Grk “whom,” continuing the sentence from v. 20.
29. Acts 3:21 sn The term must used here (δεῖ, dei, “it is necessary”) is a key Lukan term to point to the plan of God and what must occur.
30. Acts 3:21 tn Grk “until the times of the restoration of all things.” Because of the awkward English style of the extended genitive construction, and because the following relative clause has as its referent the “time of restoration” rather than “all things,” the phrase was translated “until the time all things are restored.”sn The time all things are restored. What that restoration involves is already recorded in the scriptures of the nation of Israel.
31. Acts 3:21 tn Or “spoke.”
32. Acts 3:21 tn Or “from all ages past.”sn From times long ago. Once again, God’s plan is emphasized.
33. Acts 3:22 tn Grk “hear,” but the idea of “hear and obey” or simply “obey” is frequently contained in the Greek verb ἀκούω (akouō; see L&N 36.14) and the following context (v. 23) makes it clear that failure to “obey” the words of this “prophet like Moses” will result in complete destruction.
34. Acts 3:22 sn A quotation from Deut 18:15. By quoting Deut 18:15 Peter declared that Jesus was the eschatological “prophet like [Moses]” mentioned in that passage, who reveals the plan of God and the way of God.
35. Acts 3:23 tn Grk “every soul” (here “soul” is an idiom for the whole person).
36. Acts 3:23 tn Or “will be completely destroyed.” In Acts 3:23 the verb ἐξολεθρεύω (exolethreuō) is translated “destroy and remove” by L&N 20.35.
37. Acts 3:23 sn A quotation from Deut 18:19, also Lev 23:29. The OT context of Lev 23:29 discusses what happened when one failed to honor atonement. One ignored the required sacrifice of God at one’s peril.
38. Acts 3:24 tn Or “proclaimed.”sn All the prophets…have spoken about and announced. What Peter preaches is rooted in basic biblical and Jewish hope as expressed in the OT scriptures.
39. Acts 3:25 tn Or “forefathers”; Grk “fathers.”
40. Acts 3:25 tn Or “in your offspring”; Grk “in your seed.”sn In your descendants (Grk “in your seed”). Seed has an important ambiguity in this verse. The blessing comes from the servant (v. 26), who in turn blesses the responsive children of the covenant as the scripture promised. Jesus is the seed who blesses the seed.
41. Acts 3:25 tn Or “families.” The Greek word πατριά (patria) can indicate persons of succeeding generations who are related by birth (“lineage,” “family”) but it can also indicate a relatively large unit of people who make up a sociopolitical group and who share a presumed biological descent. In many contexts πατριά is very similar to ἔθνος (ethnos) and λαός (laos). In light of the context of the OT quotation, it is better to translate πατριά as “nations” here.
42. Acts 3:25 sn A quotation from Gen 22:18.
43. Acts 3:26 tn Grk “God raising up his servant, sent him.” The participle ἀναστήσας (anastēsas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. Some translations (e.g., NIV, NRSV) render this participle as temporal (“when God raised up his servant”).
44. Acts 3:26 sn The picture of turning is again seen as the appropriate response to the message. See v. 19 above. In v. 19 it was “turning to,” here it is “turning away from.” The direction of the two metaphors is important.
45. Acts 3:26 tn For the translation of plural πονηρία (ponēria) as “iniquities,” see G. Harder, TDNT 6:565. The plural is important, since for Luke turning to Jesus means turning away from sins, not just the sin of rejecting Jesus.