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20 Ahab sent messengers to all the Israelites and had the prophets assemble at Mount Carmel. 21 Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long are you going to be paralyzed by indecision?[a] If the Lord is the true God,[b] then follow him, but if Baal is, follow him!” But the people did not say a word. 22 Elijah said to them:[c] “I am the only prophet of the Lord who is left, but there are 450 prophets of Baal. 23 Let them bring us two bulls. Let them choose one of the bulls for themselves, cut it up into pieces, and place it on the wood. But they must not set it on fire. I will do the same to the other bull and place it on the wood. But I will not set it on fire. 24 Then you[d] will invoke the name of your god, and I will invoke the name of the Lord. The god who responds with fire will demonstrate that he is the true God.”[e] All the people responded, “This will be a fair test.”[f]

25 Elijah told the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls for yourselves and go first, for you are the majority. Invoke the name of your god, but do not light a fire.”[g] 26 So they took a bull, as he had suggested,[h] and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped[i] around on the altar they had made.[j] 27 At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.”[k] 28 So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual,[l] mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.[m] 29 Throughout the afternoon they were in an ecstatic frenzy,[n] but there was no sound, no answer, and no response.[o]

30 Elijah then told all the people, “Approach me.” So all the people approached him. He repaired the altar of the Lord that had been torn down.[p] 31 Then Elijah took twelve stones, corresponding to the number of tribes that descended from Jacob, to whom the Lord’s message had come, “Israel will be your name.”[q] 32 With the stones he constructed an altar for the Lord.[r] Around the altar he made a trench large enough to contain two seahs[s] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. Then he said, “Fill four water jars and pour the water on the offering and the wood.” 34 When they had done so,[t] he said, “Do it again.” So they did it again. Then he said, “Do it a third time.” So they did it a third time. 35 The water flowed down all sides of the altar and filled the trench. 36 When it was time for the evening offering,[u] Elijah the prophet approached the altar[v] and prayed: “O Lord God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, prove[w] today that you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these things at your command. 37 Answer me, O Lord, answer me, so these people will know that you, O Lord, are the true God[x] and that you are winning back their allegiance.”[y] 38 Then fire from the Lord fell from the sky.[z] It consumed the offering, the wood, the stones, and the dirt, and licked up the water in the trench. 39 When all the people saw this, they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and said, “The Lord is the true God![aa] The Lord is the true God!” 40 Elijah told them, “Seize the prophets of Baal! Don’t let even one of them escape!” So they seized them, and Elijah led them down to the Kishon Valley and executed[ab] them there.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “How long are you going to limp around on two crutches?” (see HALOT 762 s.v. סְעִפִּים). In context this idiomatic expression refers to indecision rather than physical disability.
  2. 1 Kings 18:21 tn Heb “the God.”
  3. 1 Kings 18:22 tn Heb “to the people.”
  4. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Elijah now directly addresses the prophets.
  5. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “the God.”
  6. 1 Kings 18:24 tn Heb “The matter [i.e., proposal] is good [i.e., acceptable].”
  7. 1 Kings 18:25 tc The last sentence of v. 25 is absent in the Syriac Peshitta.
  8. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “and they took the bull which he allowed them.”
  9. 1 Kings 18:26 tn Heb “limped” (the same verb is used in v. 21).
  10. 1 Kings 18:26 tc The MT has “which he made,” but some medieval Hebrew mss and the ancient versions have the plural form of the verb.
  11. 1 Kings 18:27 sn Elijah’s sarcastic proposals would have been especially offensive and irritating to Baal’s prophets, for they believed Baal was imprisoned in the underworld as death’s captive during this time of drought. Elijah’s apparent ignorance of their theology is probably designed for dramatic effect; indeed the suggestion that Baal is away on a trip or deep in sleep comes precariously close to the truth as viewed by the prophets.
  12. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Or “as was their custom.”
  13. 1 Kings 18:28 tn Heb “until blood poured out on them.”sn mutilated…covered with blood. This self-mutilation was a mourning rite designed to facilitate Baal’s return from the underworld.
  14. 1 Kings 18:29 tn Heb “when noon passed they prophesied until the offering up of the offering.”
  15. 1 Kings 18:29 tc The Old Greek translation and Syriac Peshitta include the following words here: “When it was time to offer the sacrifice, Elijah the Tishbite spoke to the prophets of the abominations: ‘Stand aside for the time being, and I will offer my burnt offering.’ So they stood aside and departed.”sn In 2 Kgs 4:31 the words “there was no sound and there was no response” are used to describe a dead boy. Similar words are used here to describe the god Baal as dead and therefore unresponsive.
  16. 1 Kings 18:30 sn Torn down. The condition of the altar symbolizes the spiritual state of the people.
  17. 1 Kings 18:31 sn Israel will be your name. See Gen 32:28; 35:10.
  18. 1 Kings 18:32 tn Heb “and he built the stones into an altar in the name of the Lord.”
  19. 1 Kings 18:32 tn A seah was a dry measure equivalent to about seven quarts.
  20. 1 Kings 18:34 tn The words “when they had done so” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  21. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “at the offering up of the offering.”
  22. 1 Kings 18:36 tn The words “the altar” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
  23. 1 Kings 18:36 tn Heb “let it be known.”
  24. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “the God.”
  25. 1 Kings 18:37 tn Heb “that you are turning their heart[s] back.”
  26. 1 Kings 18:38 tn The words “from the sky” are added for stylistic reasons.
  27. 1 Kings 18:39 tn Heb “the God” (the phrase occurs twice in this verse).
  28. 1 Kings 18:40 tn Or “slaughtered.”

Elijah at Mount Carmel

20 So Ahab summoned all the Israelites and gathered the prophets at Mount Carmel. 21 Then Elijah approached all the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions?[a](A) If the Lord is God, follow him. But if Baal, follow him.”(B) But the people didn’t answer him a word.

22 Then Elijah said to the people, “I am the only remaining prophet of the Lord,(C) but Baal’s prophets are 450 men. 23 Let two bulls be given to us. They are to choose one bull for themselves, cut it in pieces, and place it on the wood but not light the fire. I will prepare the other bull and place it on the wood but not light the fire. 24 Then you call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord.(D) The God who answers with fire, he is God.”

All the people answered, “That’s fine.”

25 Then Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Since you are so numerous, choose for yourselves one bull and prepare it first. Then call on the name of your god but don’t light the fire.”

26 So they took the bull that he gave them, prepared it, and called on the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us!” But there was no sound;(E) no one answered. Then they danced[b] around the altar they had made.

27 At noon Elijah mocked them. He said, “Shout loudly, for he’s a god! Maybe he’s thinking it over; maybe he has wandered away;[c] or maybe he’s on the road. Perhaps he’s sleeping and will wake up!” (F) 28 They shouted loudly, and cut themselves(G) with knives and spears, according to their custom, until blood gushed over them. 29 All afternoon they kept on raving until the offering of the evening sacrifice,(H) but there was no sound; no one answered, no one paid attention.(I)

30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come near me.” So all the people approached him. Then he repaired the Lord’s altar that had been torn down:(J) 31 Elijah took twelve stones—according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying, “Israel will be your name”(K) 32 and he built an altar(L) with the stones in the name of the Lord. Then he made a trench around the altar large enough to hold about four gallons.[d][e] 33 Next, he arranged the wood, cut up the bull, and placed it on the wood. He said, “Fill four water pots with water and pour it on the offering to be burned and on the wood.” 34 Then he said, “A second time!” and they did it a second time. And then he said, “A third time!” and they did it a third time. 35 So the water ran all around the altar; he even filled the trench with water.

36 At the time for offering the evening sacrifice,(M) the prophet Elijah approached the altar and said, “Lord, the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel,(N) today let it be known(O) that you are God in Israel and I am your servant, and that at your word I have done all these things. 37 Answer me, Lord! Answer me so that this people will know that you, the Lord, are God(P) and that you have turned their hearts back.”

38 Then the Lord’s fire fell and consumed the burnt offering, the wood, the stones, and the dust, and it licked up the water that was in the trench. 39 When all the people saw it, they fell facedown(Q) and said, “The Lord, he is God! The Lord, he is God!” (R)

40 Then Elijah ordered them, “Seize the prophets of Baal!(S) Do not let even one of them escape.” So they seized them, and Elijah brought them down to the Wadi Kishon(T) and slaughtered them there.(U)

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Footnotes

  1. 18:21 Lit you hobble on two crutches?
  2. 18:26 Or hobbled
  3. 18:27 Or has turned aside; possibly to relieve himself
  4. 18:32 LXX reads trench containing two measures of seed
  5. 18:32 Lit altar corresponding to a house of two seahs of seed