An Oracle Concerning Cush

18 Ah, land of (A)whirring wings
    that is beyond the rivers of (B)Cush,[a]
which (C)sends ambassadors by the sea,
    in vessels of papyrus on the waters!
Go, you swift messengers,
    to a nation (D)tall and smooth,
to a people feared near and far,
    a nation (E)mighty and conquering,
    whose land the rivers divide.

All you inhabitants of the world,
    you who dwell on the earth,
when (F)a signal is raised on the mountains, look!
    When a trumpet is blown, hear!
For thus the Lord said to me:
“I will quietly look (G)from my dwelling
    like clear heat in sunshine,
    like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest.”
(H)For before the harvest, when the blossom is over,
    and the flower becomes a ripening grape,
he cuts off the shoots with pruning hooks,
    and the spreading branches he lops off and clears away.
(I)They shall all of them be left
    to the birds of prey of the mountains
    and to the beasts of the earth.
And the birds of prey will summer on them,
    and all the beasts of the earth will winter on them.

(J)At that time tribute will be brought to the Lord of hosts

from a people (K)tall and smooth,
    from a people feared near and far,
a nation mighty and conquering,
    whose land the rivers divide,

to (L)Mount Zion, the place of the (M)name of the Lord of hosts.

An Oracle Concerning Egypt

19 An (N)oracle concerning (O)Egypt.

Behold, the Lord (P)is riding on a swift cloud
    and comes to Egypt;
and (Q)the idols of Egypt will tremble at his presence,
    and the heart of the Egyptians will (R)melt within them.
And I will stir up Egyptians against Egyptians,
    (S)and they will fight, each against another
    and each against his neighbor,
    city against city, kingdom against kingdom;
and the spirit of the Egyptians within them will be emptied out,
    and I will confound[b] their (T)counsel;
and they will inquire of the idols and the sorcerers,
    and (U)the mediums and the necromancers;
and I will give over the Egyptians
    into the hand of (V)a hard master,
and a fierce king will rule over them,
    declares the Lord God of hosts.

And the waters of the sea will be dried up,
    and the river will be dry and parched,
and its canals will become foul,
    and the branches of Egypt's Nile will diminish and dry up,
    reeds and rushes will rot away.
There will be bare places by the Nile,
    on the brink of the Nile,
and all that is sown by the Nile will be parched,
    will be driven away, and will be no more.
The (W)fishermen will mourn and lament,
    all who cast a hook in the Nile;
and they will languish
    who spread nets on the water.
The workers in (X)combed flax will be in despair,
    and the weavers of white cotton.
10 Those who are the (Y)pillars of the land will be crushed,
    and all who (Z)work for pay will be grieved.

11 The princes of (AA)Zoan are utterly foolish;
    the wisest counselors of Pharaoh give stupid counsel.
How can you say to Pharaoh,
    “I am a son of the wise,
    a son of ancient kings”?
12 Where then are your (AB)wise men?
    Let them tell you
    that they might know what the Lord of hosts has purposed against Egypt.
13 The princes of (AC)Zoan have become fools,
    and the princes of (AD)Memphis are deluded;
those who are the (AE)cornerstones of her tribes
    have made Egypt stagger.
14 The Lord has mingled within her (AF)a spirit of confusion,
and they will make Egypt stagger in all its deeds,
    (AG)as a drunken man staggers in his vomit.
15 And there will be nothing for Egypt
    that (AH)head or tail, palm branch or reed, may do.

Egypt, Assyria, Israel Blessed

16 In that day the Egyptians will be (AI)like women, and (AJ)tremble with fear before the hand that the Lord of hosts shakes over them. 17 And the land of Judah will become a terror to the Egyptians. Everyone to whom it is mentioned will fear because of the purpose that the Lord of hosts has purposed against them.

18 (AK)In that day there will be (AL)five cities in the land of Egypt that (AM)speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance to the Lord of hosts. One of these will be called the City of Destruction.[c]

19 In that day there will be an (AN)altar to the Lord in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a (AO)pillar to the Lord at its border. 20 (AP)It will be a sign and a witness to the Lord of hosts in the land of Egypt. When they cry to the Lord because of oppressors, (AQ)he will send them a savior and defender, and deliver them. 21 (AR)And the Lord will make himself known to the Egyptians, and the Egyptians will know the Lord in that day (AS)and worship with sacrifice and offering, and they will make vows to the Lord and perform them. 22 (AT)And the Lord will strike Egypt, striking and healing, and they will return to the Lord, and he will listen to their pleas for mercy and heal them.

23 (AU)In that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and Assyria will come into Egypt, and Egypt into Assyria, (AV)and the Egyptians will worship with the Assyrians.

24 In that day Israel will be the third with Egypt and Assyria, (AW)a blessing in the midst of the earth, 25 whom the Lord of hosts has blessed, saying, “Blessed be Egypt (AX)my people, and Assyria (AY)the work of my hands, and (AZ)Israel my inheritance.”

A Sign Against Egypt and Cush

20 In the year that (BA)the commander in chief, who was sent by Sargon the king of Assyria, came to (BB)Ashdod and fought against it and captured it— at that time the Lord spoke by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, “Go, and loose the sackcloth from your waist and take off your sandals from your feet,” and he did so, walking (BC)naked and barefoot.

Then the Lord said, “As my servant Isaiah has walked naked and barefoot for three years (BD)as a sign and a portent against Egypt and Cush,[d] so shall the (BE)king of Assyria lead away the Egyptian captives and the Cushite exiles, both the young and the old, naked and barefoot, with buttocks uncovered, the nakedness of Egypt. (BF)Then they shall be dismayed and ashamed because of Cush their hope and of Egypt their boast. And the inhabitants of (BG)this coastland will say in that day, ‘Behold, this is what has happened to those in whom we hoped and (BH)to whom we fled for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria! And we, how shall we escape?’”

Fallen, Fallen Is Babylon

21 The (BI)oracle concerning the wilderness of (BJ)the sea.

(BK)As whirlwinds in the Negeb sweep on,
    it comes from the wilderness,
    from a terrible land.
A stern vision is told to me;
    (BL)the traitor betrays,
    and the destroyer destroys.
Go up, O (BM)Elam;
    lay siege, O (BN)Media;
all the (BO)sighing she has caused
    I bring to an end.
Therefore my loins are filled with anguish;
    (BP)pangs have seized me,
    like the pangs of a woman in labor;
I am bowed down so that I cannot hear;
    I am dismayed so that I cannot see.
My heart staggers; horror has appalled me;
    (BQ)the twilight I longed for
    has been turned for me into trembling.
(BR)They prepare the table,
    they spread the rugs,[e]
    they eat, they drink.
Arise, O princes;
    (BS)oil the shield!
For thus the Lord said to me:
“Go, set a watchman;
    let him announce what he sees.
When he sees riders, horsemen in pairs,
    riders on donkeys, riders on camels,
let him listen diligently,
    very diligently.”
Then he who saw cried out:[f]
(BT)“Upon a watchtower I stand, O Lord,
    continually by day,
and at my post I am stationed
    whole nights.
And behold, here come riders,
    horsemen in pairs!”
(BU)And he answered,
    (BV)“Fallen, fallen is Babylon;
(BW)and all the carved images of her gods
    he has shattered to the ground.”
10 O (BX)my threshed and winnowed one,
    what I have heard from the Lord of hosts,
    the God of Israel, I announce to you.

11 The (BY)oracle concerning (BZ)Dumah.

One is calling to me from (CA)Seir,
    “Watchman, what time of the night?
    Watchman, what time of the night?”
12 The watchman says:
“Morning comes, and also (CB)the night.
    If you will inquire, (CC)inquire;
    come back again.”

13 The (CD)oracle concerning (CE)Arabia.

In the thickets in (CF)Arabia you will lodge,
    O (CG)caravans of (CH)Dedanites.
14 To the thirsty bring water;
    meet the fugitive with bread,
    O inhabitants of the land of (CI)Tema.
15 For they have fled from the swords,
    from the drawn sword,
from the bent bow,
    and from the press of battle.

16 For thus the Lord said to me, “Within a year, (CJ)according to the years of a hired worker, all the glory of (CK)Kedar will come to an end. 17 And the remainder of the archers of the mighty men of the sons of (CL)Kedar will be few, (CM)for the Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken.”

An Oracle Concerning Jerusalem

22 The (CN)oracle concerning (CO)the valley of vision.

What do you mean that you have gone up,
    all of you, to the housetops,
you who are full of shoutings,
    tumultuous city, (CP)exultant town?
Your slain are (CQ)not slain with the sword
    or dead in battle.
(CR)All your leaders have fled together;
    without the bow they were captured.
All of you who were found were captured,
    though they had fled far away.
Therefore I said:
“Look away from me;
    (CS)let me weep bitter tears;
do not labor to comfort me
    concerning the destruction of the daughter of my people.”

(CT)For the Lord God of hosts has (CU)a day
    of tumult and (CV)trampling and (CW)confusion
    in (CX)the valley of vision,
a battering down of walls
    and a shouting to the mountains.
And (CY)Elam bore the quiver
    with chariots and horsemen,
    and (CZ)Kir uncovered the shield.
Your choicest valleys were full of chariots,
    and the horsemen took their stand at the gates.
He has taken away (DA)the covering of Judah.

In that day you looked to (DB)the weapons of the House of the Forest, and you saw that (DC)the breaches of the city of David were many. (DD)You collected the waters of the lower pool, 10 and you counted the houses of Jerusalem, and you broke down the houses to fortify the wall. 11 (DE)You made a reservoir between (DF)the two walls for the water of (DG)the old pool. But (DH)you did not look to him who did it, or see him who planned it long ago.

12 In that day (DI)the Lord God of hosts
    called for weeping and mourning,
    for (DJ)baldness and (DK)wearing sackcloth;
13 and behold, joy and gladness,
    killing oxen and slaughtering sheep,
    eating flesh and drinking wine.
(DL)“Let us eat and drink,
    for tomorrow we die.”
14 The Lord of hosts (DM)has revealed himself in my ears:
“Surely (DN)this iniquity will not be atoned for you (DO)until you die,”
    says the Lord God of hosts.

15 Thus says the Lord God of hosts, “Come, go to this steward, to (DP)Shebna, who is over the household, and say to him: 16 What have you to do here, and whom have you here, (DQ)that you have cut out here a tomb for yourself, you (DR)who cut out a tomb on the height and carve a dwelling for yourself in the rock? 17 Behold, the Lord will hurl you away violently, O you strong man. (DS)He will seize firm hold on you 18 and whirl you around and around, and throw you like a ball into a wide land. There you shall die, and there shall be (DT)your glorious chariots, you shame of your master's house. 19 (DU)I will thrust you from your office, and you will be pulled down from your station. 20 In that day I will call my servant (DV)Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, 21 and (DW)I will clothe him with your robe, and will bind your sash on him, and will commit your authority to his hand. And he shall be (DX)a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah. 22 And I will place (DY)on his shoulder (DZ)the key of the house of David. (EA)He shall open, and none shall shut; and he shall shut, and none shall open. 23 And I will fasten him (EB)like a peg in a secure place, and he will become (EC)a throne of honor to his father's house. 24 And they will hang on him the whole honor of his father's house, the offspring and issue, every small vessel, from the cups to all the flagons. 25 In that day, declares the Lord of hosts, (ED)the peg that was fastened in a secure place will give way, and it will be cut down and fall, and the load that was on it will be cut off, for the Lord has spoken.”

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 18:1 Probably Nubia
  2. Isaiah 19:3 Or I will swallow up
  3. Isaiah 19:18 Dead Sea Scroll and some other manuscripts City of the Sun
  4. Isaiah 20:3 Probably Nubia
  5. Isaiah 21:5 Or they set the watchman
  6. Isaiah 21:8 Dead Sea Scroll, Syriac; Masoretic Text Then a lion cried out, or Then he cried out like a lion

A Prophecy Against Cush

18 Woe(A) to the land of whirring wings[a]
    along the rivers of Cush,[b](B)
which sends envoys(C) by sea
    in papyrus(D) boats over the water.

Go, swift messengers,
to a people tall and smooth-skinned,(E)
    to a people feared far and wide,
an aggressive(F) nation of strange speech,
    whose land is divided by rivers.(G)

All you people of the world,(H)
    you who live on the earth,
when a banner(I) is raised on the mountains,
    you will see it,
and when a trumpet(J) sounds,
    you will hear it.
This is what the Lord says to me:
    “I will remain quiet(K) and will look on from my dwelling place,(L)
like shimmering heat in the sunshine,(M)
    like a cloud of dew(N) in the heat of harvest.”
For, before the harvest, when the blossom is gone
    and the flower becomes a ripening grape,
he will cut off(O) the shoots with pruning knives,
    and cut down and take away the spreading branches.(P)
They will all be left to the mountain birds of prey(Q)
    and to the wild animals;(R)
the birds will feed on them all summer,
    the wild animals all winter.

At that time gifts(S) will be brought to the Lord Almighty

from a people tall and smooth-skinned,(T)
    from a people feared(U) far and wide,
an aggressive nation of strange speech,
    whose land is divided by rivers(V)

the gifts will be brought to Mount Zion, the place of the Name of the Lord Almighty.(W)

A Prophecy Against Egypt

19 A prophecy(X) against Egypt:(Y)

See, the Lord rides on a swift cloud(Z)
    and is coming to Egypt.
The idols of Egypt tremble before him,
    and the hearts of the Egyptians melt(AA) with fear.

“I will stir up Egyptian against Egyptian—
    brother will fight against brother,(AB)
    neighbor against neighbor,
    city against city,
    kingdom against kingdom.(AC)
The Egyptians will lose heart,(AD)
    and I will bring their plans(AE) to nothing;(AF)
they will consult the idols and the spirits of the dead,
    the mediums and the spiritists.(AG)
I will hand the Egyptians over
    to the power of a cruel master,
and a fierce king(AH) will rule over them,”
    declares the Lord, the Lord Almighty.

The waters of the river will dry up,(AI)
    and the riverbed will be parched and dry.(AJ)
The canals will stink;(AK)
    the streams of Egypt will dwindle and dry up.(AL)
The reeds(AM) and rushes will wither,(AN)
    also the plants(AO) along the Nile,
    at the mouth of the river.
Every sown field(AP) along the Nile
    will become parched, will blow away and be no more.(AQ)
The fishermen(AR) will groan and lament,
    all who cast hooks(AS) into the Nile;
those who throw nets on the water
    will pine away.
Those who work with combed flax(AT) will despair,
    the weavers of fine linen(AU) will lose hope.
10 The workers in cloth will be dejected,
    and all the wage earners will be sick at heart.

11 The officials of Zoan(AV) are nothing but fools;
    the wise counselors(AW) of Pharaoh give senseless advice.(AX)
How can you say to Pharaoh,
    “I am one of the wise men,(AY)
    a disciple of the ancient kings”?

12 Where are your wise men(AZ) now?
    Let them show you and make known
what the Lord Almighty
    has planned(BA) against Egypt.
13 The officials of Zoan(BB) have become fools,
    the leaders of Memphis(BC) are deceived;
the cornerstones(BD) of her peoples
    have led Egypt astray.
14 The Lord has poured into them
    a spirit of dizziness;(BE)
they make Egypt stagger in all that she does,
    as a drunkard staggers(BF) around in his vomit.
15 There is nothing Egypt can do—
    head or tail, palm branch or reed.(BG)

16 In that day(BH) the Egyptians will become weaklings.(BI) They will shudder with fear(BJ) at the uplifted hand(BK) that the Lord Almighty raises against them. 17 And the land of Judah will bring terror to the Egyptians; everyone to whom Judah is mentioned will be terrified,(BL) because of what the Lord Almighty is planning(BM) against them.

18 In that day(BN) five cities(BO) in Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear allegiance(BP) to the Lord Almighty. One of them will be called the City of the Sun.[c](BQ)

19 In that day(BR) there will be an altar(BS) to the Lord in the heart of Egypt,(BT) and a monument(BU) to the Lord at its border. 20 It will be a sign and witness(BV) to the Lord Almighty in the land of Egypt. When they cry out to the Lord because of their oppressors, he will send them a savior(BW) and defender, and he will rescue(BX) them. 21 So the Lord will make himself known to the Egyptians, and in that day they will acknowledge(BY) the Lord. They will worship(BZ) with sacrifices and grain offerings; they will make vows to the Lord and keep them.(CA) 22 The Lord will strike(CB) Egypt with a plague;(CC) he will strike them and heal them. They will turn(CD) to the Lord, and he will respond to their pleas and heal(CE) them.

23 In that day(CF) there will be a highway(CG) from Egypt to Assyria.(CH) The Assyrians will go to Egypt and the Egyptians to Assyria. The Egyptians and Assyrians will worship(CI) together. 24 In that day(CJ) Israel will be the third, along with Egypt and Assyria,(CK) a blessing[d](CL) on the earth. 25 The Lord Almighty will bless(CM) them, saying, “Blessed be Egypt my people,(CN) Assyria my handiwork,(CO) and Israel my inheritance.(CP)

A Prophecy Against Egypt and Cush

20 In the year that the supreme commander,(CQ) sent by Sargon king of Assyria, came to Ashdod(CR) and attacked and captured it— at that time the Lord spoke through Isaiah son of Amoz.(CS) He said to him, “Take off the sackcloth(CT) from your body and the sandals(CU) from your feet.” And he did so, going around stripped(CV) and barefoot.(CW)

Then the Lord said, “Just as my servant(CX) Isaiah has gone stripped and barefoot for three years,(CY) as a sign(CZ) and portent(DA) against Egypt(DB) and Cush,[e](DC) so the king(DD) of Assyria will lead away stripped(DE) and barefoot the Egyptian captives(DF) and Cushite(DG) exiles, young and old, with buttocks bared(DH)—to Egypt’s shame.(DI) Those who trusted(DJ) in Cush(DK) and boasted in Egypt(DL) will be dismayed and put to shame.(DM) In that day(DN) the people who live on this coast will say, ‘See what has happened(DO) to those we relied on,(DP) those we fled to for help(DQ) and deliverance from the king of Assyria! How then can we escape?(DR)’”

A Prophecy Against Babylon

21 A prophecy(DS) against the Desert(DT) by the Sea:

Like whirlwinds(DU) sweeping through the southland,(DV)
    an invader comes from the desert,
    from a land of terror.

A dire(DW) vision has been shown to me:
    The traitor betrays,(DX) the looter takes loot.
Elam,(DY) attack! Media,(DZ) lay siege!
    I will bring to an end all the groaning she caused.

At this my body is racked with pain,(EA)
    pangs seize me, like those of a woman in labor;(EB)
I am staggered by what I hear,
    I am bewildered(EC) by what I see.
My heart(ED) falters,
    fear makes me tremble;(EE)
the twilight I longed for
    has become a horror(EF) to me.

They set the tables,
    they spread the rugs,
    they eat, they drink!(EG)
Get up, you officers,
    oil the shields!(EH)

This is what the Lord says to me:

“Go, post a lookout(EI)
    and have him report what he sees.
When he sees chariots(EJ)
    with teams of horses,
riders on donkeys
    or riders on camels,(EK)
let him be alert,
    fully alert.”

And the lookout[f](EL) shouted,

“Day after day, my lord, I stand on the watchtower;
    every night I stay at my post.
Look, here comes a man in a chariot(EM)
    with a team of horses.
And he gives back the answer:
    ‘Babylon(EN) has fallen,(EO) has fallen!
All the images of its gods(EP)
    lie shattered(EQ) on the ground!’”

10 My people who are crushed on the threshing floor,(ER)
    I tell you what I have heard
from the Lord Almighty,
    from the God of Israel.

A Prophecy Against Edom

11 A prophecy against Dumah[g]:(ES)

Someone calls to me from Seir,(ET)
    “Watchman, what is left of the night?
    Watchman, what is left of the night?”
12 The watchman replies,
    “Morning is coming, but also the night.
If you would ask, then ask;
    and come back yet again.”

A Prophecy Against Arabia

13 A prophecy(EU) against Arabia:(EV)

You caravans of Dedanites,(EW)
    who camp in the thickets of Arabia,
14     bring water for the thirsty;
you who live in Tema,(EX)
    bring food for the fugitives.
15 They flee(EY) from the sword,(EZ)
    from the drawn sword,
from the bent bow
    and from the heat of battle.

16 This is what the Lord says to me: “Within one year, as a servant bound by contract(FA) would count it, all the splendor(FB) of Kedar(FC) will come to an end. 17 The survivors of the archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.(FD)” The Lord, the God of Israel, has spoken.(FE)

A Prophecy About Jerusalem

22 A prophecy(FF) against the Valley(FG) of Vision:(FH)

What troubles you now,
    that you have all gone up on the roofs,(FI)
you town so full of commotion,
    you city of tumult(FJ) and revelry?(FK)
Your slain(FL) were not killed by the sword,(FM)
    nor did they die in battle.
All your leaders have fled(FN) together;
    they have been captured(FO) without using the bow.
All you who were caught were taken prisoner together,
    having fled while the enemy was still far away.
Therefore I said, “Turn away from me;
    let me weep(FP) bitterly.
Do not try to console me
    over the destruction of my people.”(FQ)

The Lord, the Lord Almighty, has a day(FR)
    of tumult and trampling(FS) and terror(FT)
    in the Valley of Vision,(FU)
a day of battering down walls(FV)
    and of crying out to the mountains.
Elam(FW) takes up the quiver,(FX)
    with her charioteers and horses;
    Kir(FY) uncovers the shield.
Your choicest valleys(FZ) are full of chariots,
    and horsemen are posted at the city gates.(GA)

The Lord stripped away the defenses of Judah,
    and you looked in that day(GB)
    to the weapons(GC) in the Palace of the Forest.(GD)
You saw that the walls of the City of David
    were broken through(GE) in many places;
you stored up water
    in the Lower Pool.(GF)
10 You counted the buildings in Jerusalem
    and tore down houses(GG) to strengthen the wall.(GH)
11 You built a reservoir between the two walls(GI)
    for the water of the Old Pool,(GJ)
but you did not look to the One who made it,
    or have regard(GK) for the One who planned(GL) it long ago.

12 The Lord, the Lord Almighty,
    called you on that day(GM)
to weep(GN) and to wail,
    to tear out your hair(GO) and put on sackcloth.(GP)
13 But see, there is joy and revelry,(GQ)
    slaughtering of cattle and killing of sheep,
    eating of meat and drinking of wine!(GR)
“Let us eat and drink,” you say,
    “for tomorrow we die!”(GS)

14 The Lord Almighty has revealed this in my hearing:(GT) “Till your dying day this sin will not be atoned(GU) for,” says the Lord, the Lord Almighty.

15 This is what the Lord, the Lord Almighty, says:

“Go, say to this steward,
    to Shebna(GV) the palace(GW) administrator:(GX)
16 What are you doing here and who gave you permission
    to cut out a grave(GY) for yourself(GZ) here,
hewing your grave on the height
    and chiseling your resting place in the rock?

17 “Beware, the Lord is about to take firm hold of you
    and hurl(HA) you away, you mighty man.
18 He will roll you up tightly like a ball
    and throw(HB) you into a large country.
There you will die
    and there the chariots(HC) you were so proud of
    will become a disgrace to your master’s house.
19 I will depose you from your office,
    and you will be ousted(HD) from your position.(HE)

20 “In that day(HF) I will summon my servant,(HG) Eliakim(HH) son of Hilkiah. 21 I will clothe him with your robe and fasten your sash(HI) around him and hand your authority(HJ) over to him. He will be a father to those who live in Jerusalem and to the people of Judah. 22 I will place on his shoulder(HK) the key(HL) to the house of David;(HM) what he opens no one can shut, and what he shuts no one can open.(HN) 23 I will drive him like a peg(HO) into a firm place;(HP) he will become a seat[h] of honor(HQ) for the house of his father. 24 All the glory of his family will hang on him: its offspring and offshoots—all its lesser vessels, from the bowls to all the jars.

25 “In that day,(HR)” declares the Lord Almighty, “the peg(HS) driven into the firm place will give way; it will be sheared off and will fall, and the load hanging on it will be cut down.” The Lord has spoken.(HT)

Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 18:1 Or of locusts
  2. Isaiah 18:1 That is, the upper Nile region
  3. Isaiah 19:18 Some manuscripts of the Masoretic Text, Dead Sea Scrolls, Symmachus and Vulgate; most manuscripts of the Masoretic Text City of Destruction
  4. Isaiah 19:24 Or Assyria, whose names will be used in blessings (see Gen. 48:20); or Assyria, who will be seen by others as blessed
  5. Isaiah 20:3 That is, the upper Nile region; also in verse 5
  6. Isaiah 21:8 Dead Sea Scrolls and Syriac; Masoretic Text A lion
  7. Isaiah 21:11 Dumah, a wordplay on Edom, means silence or stillness.
  8. Isaiah 22:23 Or throne