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Romans 1-11
New American Standard Bible

The Gospel Exalted

1 Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, [a](A)called as an apostle, (B)set apart for (C)the gospel of God, 2 which He (D)promised beforehand through His (E)prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born (F)of a [b]descendant of David (G)according to the flesh, 4 who was declared (H)the Son of God with power according to the [c]Spirit of holiness [d]by the resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and (I)apostleship [e]to bring about the (J)obedience of faith among (K)all the Gentiles in behalf of His name, 6 among whom you also are the (L)called of Jesus Christ;

7 to all who are (M)beloved of God in Rome, called as [f](N)saints: (O)Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, (P)I thank my God through Jesus Christ [g]for you all, because (Q)your faith is being proclaimed throughout the world. 9 For (R)God, whom I (S)serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly (T)I make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers requesting if perhaps now, at last by (U)the will of God, I will succeed in coming to you. 11 For (V)I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be [h]established; 12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 (W)I do not want you to be unaware, (X)brothers and sisters, that often I (Y)have planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some (Z)fruit among you also just as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 (AA)I am [i]under obligation both to Greeks and to the [j](AB)uncultured, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am eager to (AC)preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not (AD)ashamed of the gospel, for (AE)it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the (AF)Jew first and also to (AG)the Greek. 17 For in it (AH)the righteousness of God is revealed [k]from faith to faith; as it is written: “[l](AI)But the righteous one will live by faith.”

Unbelief and Its Consequences

18 For (AJ)the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people who (AK)suppress the truth [m]in unrighteousness, 19 because (AL)that which is known about God is evident [n]within them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For (AM)since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, that is, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, (AN)being understood by what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not [o]honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became (AO)futile in their reasonings, and their senseless hearts were darkened. 22 (AP)Claiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and they (AQ)exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and [p]crawling creatures.

24 Therefore (AR)God gave them up to vile impurity in the lusts of their hearts, so that their bodies would be (AS)dishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for [q](AT)falsehood, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, (AU)who is blessed [r]forever. Amen.

26 For this reason (AV)God gave them over to (AW)degrading passions; for their women exchanged natural relations for that which is contrary to nature, 27 and likewise the men, too, abandoned natural relations [s]with women and burned in their desire toward one another, (AX)males with males committing [t]shameful acts and receiving in [u]their own persons the due penalty of their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit [v]to acknowledge God, (AY)God gave them up to a depraved mind, to do those things that are not proper, 29 people having been filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, and evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice; they are (AZ)gossips, 30 slanderers, [w](BA)haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, (BB)disobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, (BC)unfeeling, and unmerciful; 32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of (BD)death, they not only do the same, but also (BE)approve of those who practice them.

The Impartiality of God

2 Therefore you have (BF)no excuse, [x]you foolish person, (BG)everyone of you who passes judgment; for [y]in that matter in which (BH)you judge someone else, you condemn yourself; for you who judge practice the same things. 2 And we know that the judgment of God [z]rightly falls upon those who practice such things. 3 But do you suppose this, [aa](BI)you foolish person who passes judgment on those who practice such things, and yet does them as well, that you will escape the judgment of God? 4 Or do you think lightly of (BJ)the riches of His (BK)kindness and [ab](BL)restraint and (BM)patience, not knowing that the kindness of God leads you to repentance? 5 But [ac]because of your stubbornness and unrepentant heart (BN)you are storing up wrath for yourself (BO)on the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God, 6 (BP)who will repay each person according to his deeds: 7 to those who by (BQ)perseverance in doing good seek (BR)glory, honor, and (BS)immortality, He will give (BT)eternal life; 8 but to those who are (BU)self-serving and (BV)do not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, He will give wrath and indignation. 9 There will be (BW)tribulation and distress [ad]for every soul of mankind who does evil, [ae]for the Jew (BX)first and also [af]for the Greek, 10 but (BY)glory, honor, and peace to everyone who does what is good, to the Jew (BZ)first and also to the Greek. 11 For (CA)there is no partiality with God.

12 For all who have sinned [ag](CB)without the Law will also perish [ah]without the Law, and all who have sinned [ai]under the Law will be judged [aj]by the Law; 13 for it is (CC)not the hearers [ak]of the Law who are [al]righteous before God, but the doers [am]of the Law who will be justified. 14 For when Gentiles who do not have [an]the Law [ao](CD)instinctively perform the requirements of the Law, these, though not having [ap]the Law, are a law to themselves, 15 in that they show (CE)the work of the Law written in their hearts, their conscience testifying and their thoughts alternately accusing or else defending them, 16 on the day when, (CF)according to my gospel, (CG)God will judge the secrets of mankind through Christ Jesus.

The Jews under the Law

17 But if you call yourself a [aq]Jew and (CH)rely [ar]upon the Law and boast in God, 18 and know His will and [as](CI)distinguish the things that matter, being instructed from the Law, 19 and are confident that you yourself are a guide to people who are blind, a light to those in darkness, 20 a [at]corrector of the foolish, a teacher of [au]the immature, possessing in the Law (CJ)the embodiment of knowledge and of the truth— 21 you, therefore, (CK)who teach someone else, do you not teach yourself? You who [av]preach that one is not to steal, do you steal? 22 You who say that one is not to commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who loathe idols, do you (CL)rob temples? 23 You who (CM)boast [aw]in the Law, through your breaking the Law, do you dishonor God? 24 For “(CN)the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles (CO)because of you,” just as it is written.

25 For indeed circumcision is of value if you (CP)practice [ax]the Law; but if you are a violator [ay]of the Law, (CQ)your circumcision has turned into uncircumcision. 26 (CR)So if (CS)the [az]uncircumcised man (CT)keeps the requirements of the Law, will his uncircumcision not be regarded as circumcision? 27 And (CU)he who is physically uncircumcised, if he keeps the Law, will he not (CV)judge you who [ba]though having the letter of the Law and circumcision are a violator [bb]of the Law? 28 For (CW)he is not a Jew who is one outwardly, nor is circumcision that which is outward in the flesh. 29 But (CX)he is a Jew who is one inwardly; and (CY)circumcision is of the heart, by the (CZ)Spirit, not by the letter; (DA)and his praise is not from people, but from God.

All the World Guilty

3 Then what [bc]advantage does the Jew have? Or what is the benefit of circumcision? 2 Great in every respect. First, that (DB)they were entrusted with the (DC)actual words of God. 3 What then? If (DD)some [bd]did not believe, their [be]unbelief will not nullify the faithfulness of God, will it? 4 [bf](DE)Far from it! Rather, God must prove to be true, though every person be found (DF)a liar, as it is written:

“(DG)So that You are justified in Your words,
And prevail [bg]when You are judged.”

5 But if our unrighteousness [bh](DH)demonstrates the righteousness of God, (DI)what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is He? ((DJ)I am speaking from a human viewpoint.) 6 (DK)Far from it! For otherwise, how will (DL)God judge the world? 7 But if through my lie (DM)the truth of God abounded to His glory, (DN)why am I also still being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say (just as we are slanderously reported and as some claim that we say), “(DO)Let’s do evil that good may come of it”? [bi]Their condemnation is deserved.

9 What then? [bj](DP)Are we better than they? Not at all; for we have already charged that both (DQ)Jews and (DR)Greeks are (DS)all under sin; 10 as it is written:

“(DT)There is no righteous person, not even one;
11 There is no one who understands,
There is no one who seeks out God;
12 They have all turned aside, together they have become [bk]corrupt;
There is no one who does good,
There is not even one.”
13 “(DU)Their throat is an open grave,
With their tongues they keep deceiving,”
“(DV)The venom of [bl]asps is under their lips”;
14 “(DW)Their mouth is full of cursing and bitterness”;
15 “(DX)Their feet are swift to shed blood,
16 Destruction and misery are in their paths,
17 And they have not known the way of peace.”
18 “(DY)There is no fear of God before their eyes.”

19 Now we know that whatever the (DZ)Law says, it speaks to (EA)those who are [bm]under the Law, so that every mouth may be closed and (EB)all the world may become accountable to God; 20 because (EC)by the works [bn]of the Law [bo]none of mankind will be justified in His sight; for [bp](ED)through the Law comes [bq]knowledge of sin.

Justification by Faith

21 But now apart [br]from the Law (EE)the righteousness of God has been revealed, being (EF)witnessed by the [bs]Law and the Prophets, 22 but it is the (EG)righteousness of God through (EH)faith (EI)in Jesus Christ for (EJ)all those [bt]who believe; for (EK)there is no distinction, 23 for all [bu](EL)have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 being justified as a gift (EM)by His grace through (EN)the redemption which is in Christ Jesus, 25 whom God displayed publicly as (EO)a [bv]propitiation [bw](EP)in His blood through faith. This was to demonstrate His righteousness, [bx]because in God’s merciful (EQ)restraint He (ER)let the sins previously committed go unpunished; 26 for the demonstration, that is, of His righteousness at the present time, so that He would be just and the justifier of the one who [by]has faith in Jesus.

27 Where then is (ES)boasting? It has been excluded. By (ET)what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith. 28 [bz]For (EU)we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from works [ca]of the Law. 29 Or (EV)is God the God of Jews only? Is He not the God of Gentiles also? Yes, of Gentiles also, 30 since indeed (EW)God (EX)who will justify the [cb]circumcised [cc]by faith and the [cd]uncircumcised through faith (EY)is one.

31 Do we then nullify [ce]the Law through faith? (EZ)Far from it! On the contrary, we (FA)establish the Law.

Abraham’s Justification by Faith

4 What then shall we say that Abraham, [cf]our forefather (FB)according to the flesh, has found? 2 For if Abraham was justified [cg]by works, he has something to boast about; but (FC)not [ch]before God. 3 For what does the Scripture say? “(FD)Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.” 4 Now to the one who (FE)works, the wages are not credited as a favor, but as what is due. 5 But to the one who does not work, but (FF)believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness, 6 just as David also speaks of the blessing of the person to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

7 “(FG)Blessed are those whose lawless deeds have been forgiven,
And whose sins have been covered.
8 (FH)Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord will not (FI)take into account.”

9 Is this blessing then on [ci](FJ)the circumcised, or on [cj]the uncircumcised also? For (FK)we say, “(FL)Faith was credited to Abraham as righteousness.” 10 How then was it credited? While he was [ck]circumcised, or [cl]uncircumcised? Not while [cm]circumcised, but while [cn]uncircumcised; 11 and he (FM)received the sign of circumcision, (FN)a seal of the righteousness of the faith which [co]he had while uncircumcised, so that he might be (FO)the father of (FP)all who believe without being circumcised, that righteousness might be credited to them, 12 and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also follow in the steps of the faith of our father Abraham which [cp]he had while uncircumcised.

13 For (FQ)the promise to Abraham or to his [cq]descendants (FR)that he would be heir of the world was not [cr]through the Law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For (FS)if those who are [cs]of the Law are heirs, then faith is made void and the promise is nullified; 15 for (FT)the Law brings about wrath, but (FU)where there is no law, there also is no violation.

16 For this reason it is [ct]by faith, in order that it may be in accordance with (FV)grace, so that the promise will be guaranteed to (FW)all the [cu]descendants, not only to [cv]those who are of the Law, but also to [cw](FX)those who are of the faith of Abraham, who is (FY)the father of us all, 17 (as it is written: “I have made you (FZ)a father of many nations”) in the presence of Him whom he believed, that is, God, (GA)who gives life to the dead and (GB)calls into being (GC)things that do not exist. 18 In hope against hope he believed, so that he might become (GD)a father of many nations according to that which had been spoken, “(GE)So shall your [cx]descendants be.” 19 Without becoming weak in faith he contemplated his own body, now (GF)as good as dead since (GG)he was about a hundred years old, and (GH)the deadness of Sarah’s womb; 20 yet, with respect to the promise of God, he did not waver in unbelief but grew strong in faith, (GI)giving glory to God, 21 and (GJ)being fully assured that (GK)what God had promised, He was able also to perform. 22 Therefore (GL)it was also credited to him as righteousness. 23 Now (GM)not for his sake only was it written that it was credited to him, 24 but for our sake also, to whom it will be credited, to us (GN)who believe in Him who (GO)raised Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 He who was (GP)delivered over because of our wrongdoings, and was (GQ)raised because of our justification.

Results of Justification

5 (GR)Therefore, having been justified by faith, [cy](GS)we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we also have (GT)obtained our introduction by faith into this grace (GU)in which we stand; and [cz]we celebrate in hope of the glory of God. 3 (GV)And not only this, but [da]we also (GW)celebrate in our tribulations, knowing that tribulation brings about (GX)perseverance; 4 and (GY)perseverance, (GZ)proven character; and proven character, hope; 5 and hope (HA)does not disappoint, because the love of God has been (HB)poured out within our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.

6 For while we were still (HC)helpless, (HD)at the right time (HE)Christ died for the ungodly. 7 For one will hardly die for a righteous person; [db]though perhaps for the good person someone would even dare to die. 8 But God (HF)demonstrates (HG)His own love toward us, in that while we were still sinners, (HH)Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, having now been justified [dc](HI)by His blood, we shall be saved (HJ)from the wrath of God through Him. 10 For if while we were (HK)enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of His Son, much more, having been reconciled, we shall be saved [dd](HL)by His life. 11 (HM)And not only this, but [de]we also celebrate in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received (HN)the reconciliation.

12 Therefore, just as through (HO)one man sin entered into the world, and (HP)death through sin, and (HQ)so death spread to all mankind, because all sinned— 13 for [df]until the Law sin was in the world, but (HR)sin is not [dg]counted against anyone when there is no law. 14 Nevertheless death reigned from Adam until Moses, even over those who had not sinned (HS)in the likeness of the [dh]violation committed by Adam, who is a [di](HT)type of Him who was to come.

15 But [dj]the gracious gift is not like the offense. For if by the offense of (HU)the one (HV)the many died, much more did the grace of God and the gift by (HW)the grace of the one Man, Jesus Christ, overflow to the many. 16 The gift is not like that which came through the one who sinned; for on the one hand (HX)the judgment arose from one offense, [dk]resulting in condemnation, but on the other hand the gracious gift arose from many offenses, [dl]resulting in justification. 17 For if by the offense of the one, death reigned (HY)through the one, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness (HZ)reign in life through the One, Jesus Christ.

18 So then, as through (IA)one offense [dm]the result was condemnation to all mankind, so also through one (IB)act of righteousness [dn]the result was (IC)justification of life to all mankind. 19 For as through the one man’s disobedience (ID)the many (IE)were made sinners, so also through (IF)the obedience of the One (IG)the many will be made righteous. 20 [do](IH)The Law came in so that the offense would increase; but where sin increased, (II)grace abounded all the more, 21 so that, as (IJ)sin reigned in death, so also (IK)grace would reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Believers Are Dead to Sin, Alive to God

6 (IL)What shall we say then? Are we to (IM)continue in sin so that grace may increase? 2 [dp](IN)Far from it! How shall we who (IO)died to sin still live in it? 3 Or do you not know that all of us who have been (IP)baptized into (IQ)Christ Jesus have been baptized into His death? 4 Therefore we have been (IR)buried with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was (IS)raised from the dead through the (IT)glory of the Father, so we too may walk in (IU)newness of life. 5 For (IV)if we have become [dq]united with Him in the likeness of His death, certainly we shall also be [dr]in the likeness of His resurrection, 6 knowing this, that our (IW)old [ds]self was (IX)crucified with Him, in order that our (IY)body of sin might be [dt]done away with, so that we would no longer be slaves to sin; 7 for (IZ)the one who has died is [du]freed from sin.

8 Now (JA)if we have died with Christ, we believe that (JB)we shall also live with Him, 9 knowing that Christ, having been (JC)raised from the dead, [dv]is never to die again; (JD)death no longer is master over Him. 10 For [dw]the death that He died, He died to sin once for all time; but [dx]the life that He lives, He lives to [dy]God. 11 So you too, consider yourselves to be (JE)dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.

12 Therefore sin is not to (JF)reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts, 13 and do not go on (JG)presenting [dz]the parts of your body to sin as [ea]instruments of unrighteousness; but (JH)present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead, and [eb]your body’s parts as [ec]instruments of righteousness for God. 14 For (JI)sin shall not (JJ)be master over you, for (JK)you are not under [ed]the Law but (JL)under grace.

15 What then? (JM)Are we to sin because we are not under [ee]the Law but under grace? [ef](JN)Far from it! 16 Do you not (JO)know that the one to whom you present yourselves as (JP)slaves for obedience, you are slaves of that same one whom you obey, either of (JQ)sin [eg]resulting in death, or of obedience [eh]resulting in righteousness? 17 But (JR)thanks be to God that [ei]though you were slaves of sin, you became obedient from the heart to that [ej](JS)form of teaching to which you were entrusted, 18 and after being (JT)freed from sin, you became slaves to righteousness. 19 (JU)I am speaking [ek]in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh. For just (JV)as you presented [el]the parts of your body as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness, [em]resulting in further lawlessness, so now present [en]your body’s parts as slaves to righteousness, [eo]resulting in sanctification.

20 For (JW)when you were slaves of sin, you were free in relation to righteousness. 21 Therefore what [ep](JX)benefit were you then [eq]deriving from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the outcome of those things is (JY)death. 22 But now having been (JZ)freed from sin and (KA)enslaved to God, you [er]derive your [es](KB)benefit, [et]resulting in sanctification, and (KC)the outcome, eternal life. 23 For the wages of (KD)sin is death, but the gracious gift of God is (KE)eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Believers United to Christ

7 Or do you not know, (KF)brothers and sisters (for I am speaking to those who know the [eu]Law), that the [ev]Law has jurisdiction over a person as long as he lives? 2 For (KG)the married woman is bound by law to her [ew]husband as long as he is alive; but if her husband dies, she is released from the law [ex]concerning the husband. 3 So then, if while her husband is alive she [ey]gives herself to another man, she will be called an adulteress; but if her husband dies, she is free from the law, so that she is not an adulteress if she [ez]gives herself to another man.

4 Therefore, my brothers and sisters, you also were (KH)put to death (KI)in regard to the Law (KJ)through the body of Christ, so that you might belong to another, to Him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. 5 For while we were (KK)in the flesh, the sinful passions, which were (KL)brought to light by the Law, were at work (KM)in [fa]the parts of our body to bear fruit for death. 6 But now we have been (KN)released from the Law, having (KO)died to that by which we were bound, so that we serve in (KP)newness of (KQ)the [fb]Spirit and not in oldness of the letter.

7 (KR)What shall we say then? Is the Law sin? (KS)[fc]Far from it! On the contrary, (KT)I would not have come to know sin except [fd]through the Law; for I would not have known about [fe]coveting if the Law had not said, “(KU)You shall not [ff]covet.” 8 But sin, (KV)taking an opportunity (KW)through the commandment, produced in me [fg]coveting of every kind; for (KX)apart [fh]from the Law sin is dead. 9 I was once alive apart [fi]from the Law; but when the commandment came, sin came to life, and I died; 10 and this commandment, which was [fj](KY)to result in life, proved [fk]to result in death for me; 11 for sin, (KZ)taking an opportunity (LA)through the commandment, (LB)deceived me, and through it, killed me. 12 (LC)So then, the Law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good.

13 Therefore did that which is good become a cause of death for me? [fl](LD)Far from it! Rather it was sin, in order that it might be shown to be sin by bringing about my death through that which is good, so that through the commandment sin would become utterly sinful.

The Conflict of Serving Two Masters

14 For we know that the Law is (LE)spiritual, but I am (LF)fleshly, (LG)sold [fm](LH)into bondage to sin. 15 For (LI)I do not understand what I am doing; for I am not practicing (LJ)what I want to do, but I do the very thing I hate. 16 However, if I do the very thing I do not want to do, I agree with (LK)the Law, that the Law is good. 17 But now, (LL)no longer am I the one doing it, but sin that dwells in me. 18 For I know that good does not dwell in me, that is, in my (LM)flesh; for the willing is present in me, but the doing of the good is not. 19 For (LN)the good that I want, I do not do, but I practice the very evil that I do not want. 20 But if I do the very thing I do not want, (LO)I am no longer the one doing it, but sin that dwells in me.

21 I find then (LP)the [fn]principle that evil is present in me, the one who wants to do good. 22 For I joyfully agree with the law of God [fo]in (LQ)the inner person, 23 but I see (LR)a different law in [fp]the parts of my body waging war against the (LS)law of my mind, and making me a prisoner [fq]of (LT)the law of sin, the law which is in [fr]my body’s parts. 24 Wretched man that I am! Who will set me free from [fs](LU)the body of this (LV)death? 25 (LW)Thanks be to God through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, on the one hand I myself with my mind am serving the law of God, but on the other, with my flesh (LX)the law of sin.

Deliverance from Bondage

8 Therefore there is now no (LY)condemnation at all for those who are (LZ)in (MA)Christ Jesus. 2 For (MB)the law of the Spirit of life [ft]in (MC)Christ Jesus (MD)has set you free from the law of sin and of death. 3 For (ME)what the Law could not do, [fu](MF)weak as it was through the flesh, God did: sending His own Son in (MG)the likeness of [fv]sinful flesh and as an offering for sin, He condemned sin in the flesh, 4 so that the (MH)requirement of the Law might be fulfilled in us who (MI)do not walk [fw]according to the flesh but [fx]according to the Spirit. 5 For those who are in accord with the flesh set their minds on (MJ)the things of the flesh, but those who are in accord with the Spirit, (MK)the things of the Spirit. 6 (ML)For the mind [fy]set on the flesh is (MM)death, but the mind [fz]set on the Spirit is life and peace, 7 because the mind [ga]set on the flesh is (MN)hostile toward God; for it does not subject itself to the law of God, for it is not even able to do so, 8 and those who are (MO)in the flesh cannot please God.

9 However, you are not (MP)in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God (MQ)dwells in you. But (MR)if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Him. 10 (MS)If Christ is in you, though the body is dead because of sin, yet the spirit is [gb]alive because of righteousness. 11 But if the Spirit of Him who (MT)raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, (MU)He who raised (MV)Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies [gc]through His Spirit who dwells in you.

12 So then, brothers and sisters, we are under obligation, not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh— 13 for (MW)if you are living in accord with the flesh, you are going to die; but if by the Spirit you are (MX)putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live. 14 For all who are (MY)being led by the Spirit of God, these are (MZ)sons and daughters of God. 15 For you (NA)have not received a spirit of slavery [gd]leading to fear again, but you (NB)have received [ge]a spirit of adoption as sons and daughters by which we cry out, “(NC)Abba! [gf]Father!” 16 The Spirit Himself (ND)testifies with our spirit that we are (NE)children of God, 17 and if children, (NF)heirs also, heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, (NG)if indeed we suffer with Him so that we may also be glorified with Him.

18 For I consider that the sufferings of this present time (NH)are not worthy to be compared with the (NI)glory that is to be revealed to us. 19 For the (NJ)eagerly awaiting creation waits for (NK)the revealing of the (NL)sons and daughters of God. 20 For the creation (NM)was subjected to (NN)futility, not willingly, but (NO)because of Him who subjected it, [gg]in hope 21 that (NP)the creation itself also will be set free from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the children of God. 22 For we know that the whole creation (NQ)groans and suffers the pains of childbirth together until now. 23 (NR)And not only that, but also we ourselves, having (NS)the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves (NT)groan within ourselves, (NU)waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons and daughters, (NV)the redemption of our body. 24 For (NW)in hope we have been saved, but (NX)hope that is seen is not hope; for who hopes for what he already sees? 25 But (NY)if we hope for what we do not see, through perseverance we wait eagerly for it.

Our Victory in Christ

26 Now in the same way the Spirit also helps our weakness; for (NZ)we do not know what to pray for as we should, but (OA)the Spirit Himself intercedes for us with [gh]groanings too deep for words; 27 and (OB)He who searches the hearts knows what (OC)the mind of the Spirit is, because He (OD)intercedes for the [gi]saints according to the will of God.

28 And we know that [gj]God [gk]causes (OE)all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are (OF)called according to His purpose. 29 For those whom He (OG)foreknew, He also (OH)predestined to become (OI)conformed to the image of His Son, so that He would be the (OJ)firstborn among many brothers and sisters; 30 and these whom He (OK)predestined, He also (OL)called; and these whom He called, He also (OM)justified; and these whom He justified, He also (ON)glorified.

31 (OO)What then shall we say to these things? (OP)If God is for us, who is against us? 32 He who (OQ)did not spare His own Son, but (OR)delivered Him over for us all, how will He not also with Him freely give us all things? 33 Who will bring charges against (OS)God’s elect? (OT)God is the one who justifies; 34 who is the one who (OU)condemns? Christ Jesus is He who (OV)died, but rather, was [gl](OW)raised, who is (OX)at the right hand of God, who also (OY)intercedes for us. 35 Who will separate us from (OZ)the love of [gm]Christ? Will (PA)tribulation, or trouble, or (PB)persecution, or (PC)famine, or (PD)nakedness, or (PE)danger, or sword? 36 Just as it is written:

“(PF)For Your sake we are killed all day long;
We were regarded as sheep to be slaughtered.”

37 But in all these things we overwhelmingly (PG)conquer through (PH)Him who loved us. 38 For I am convinced that neither (PI)death, nor life, nor (PJ)angels, nor principalities, nor (PK)things present, nor things to come, nor powers, 39 nor height, nor depth, nor any other created thing will be able to separate us from (PL)the love of God that is (PM)in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Deep Concern for Israel

9 (PN)I am telling the truth in Christ, I am not lying; my conscience testifies with me in the Holy Spirit, 2 that I have great sorrow and unceasing grief in my heart. 3 For (PO)I could [gn]wish that I myself were (PP)accursed, separated from Christ for the sake of my countrymen, my kinsmen (PQ)according to the flesh, 4 who are (PR)Israelites, to whom belongs (PS)the adoption as sons and daughters, (PT)the glory, (PU)the covenants, (PV)the giving of the Law, (PW)the temple service, and (PX)the promises; 5 whose are (PY)the fathers, and (PZ)from whom is the [go]Christ according to the flesh, (QA)who is over all, (QB)God (QC)blessed [gp]forever. Amen.

6 But it is not as though (QD)the word of God has failed. (QE)For they are not all Israel who are descended from Israel; 7 nor are they all children (QF)because they are Abraham’s [gq](QG)descendants, but: “[gr](QH)through Isaac your [gs]descendants shall be named.” 8 That is, it is not the children of the flesh [gt]who are (QI)children of God, but the (QJ)children of the promise are regarded as [gu](QK)descendants. 9 For this is the word of promise: “(QL)At this time I will come, and Sarah will have a son.” 10 (QM)And not only that, but there was also (QN)Rebekah, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; 11 for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that (QO)God’s purpose according to His choice would [gv]stand, not [gw]because of works but [gx]because of Him who calls, 12 it was said to her, “(QP)The older will serve the younger.” 13 Just as it is written: “(QQ)Jacob I have loved, but Esau I have hated.”

14 (QR)What shall we say then? (QS)There is no injustice with God, is there? [gy](QT)Far from it! 15 For He says to Moses, “(QU)I will have mercy on whomever I have mercy, and I will show compassion to whomever I show compassion.” 16 So then, it does not depend on the person who [gz]wants it nor the one who [ha](QV)runs, but on (QW)God who has mercy. 17 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh, “(QX)For this very reason I raised you up, in order to demonstrate My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed [hb]throughout the earth.” 18 So then He has mercy on whom He desires, and He (QY)hardens whom He desires.

19 (QZ)You will say to me then, “(RA)Why does He still find fault? For (RB)who has resisted His will?” 20 On the contrary, who are you, [hc](RC)you foolish person, who (RD)answers back to God? (RE)The thing molded will not say to the molder, “Why did you make me like this,” will it? 21 Or does the potter not have a right over the clay, to make from the same lump one object [hd]for honorable use, and another [he]for common use? 22 [hf]What if God, although willing to demonstrate His wrath and to make His power known, endured with great (RF)patience objects of wrath (RG)prepared for destruction? 23 And He did so to make known (RH)the riches of His glory upon (RI)objects of mercy, which He (RJ)prepared beforehand for glory, 24 namely us, whom He also (RK)called, (RL)not only from among Jews, but also from among Gentiles, 25 as He also says in Hosea:

“(RM)I will call those who were not My people, ‘My people,’
And her who was not beloved, ‘beloved.’”
26 “(RN)And it shall be that in the place where it was said to them, ‘you are not My people,’
There they shall be called sons of (RO)the living God.”

27 Isaiah cries out concerning Israel, “(RP)Though the number of the sons of Israel may be (RQ)like the sand of the sea, only (RR)the remnant will be saved; 28 (RS)for the Lord will execute His word on the earth, [hg]thoroughly and [hh]quickly.” 29 And just as Isaiah foretold:

“(RT)If (RU)the Lord [hi]of armies had not left us [hj](RV)descendants,
(RW)We would have become like Sodom, and would have [hk]been like Gomorrah.”

30 (RX)What shall we say then? That Gentiles, who did not pursue righteousness, attained righteousness, but (RY)the righteousness that is [hl]by faith; 31 however, Israel, (RZ)pursuing a law of righteousness, did not (SA)arrive at that law. 32 Why? Because they did not pursue it [hm]by faith, but as though they could [hn]by works. They stumbled over (SB)the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written:

“(SC)Behold, I am laying in Zion (SD)a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense,
(SE)And the one who believes in Him (SF)will not be [ho]put to shame.”

The Word of Faith Brings Salvation

10 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and my prayer to God for them is for their salvation. 2 For I testify about them that they have (SG)a zeal for God, but not in accordance with knowledge. 3 For not knowing about (SH)God’s righteousness and (SI)seeking to establish their own, they did not subject themselves to the righteousness of God. 4 For (SJ)Christ is the [hp]end of the Law for righteousness to (SK)everyone who believes.

5 For Moses writes of the righteousness that is [hq]based on the Law, that the person who performs [hr]them (SL)will live by [hs]them. 6 But (SM)the righteousness [ht]based on faith speaks as follows: “(SN)Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will go up into heaven?’ (that is, to bring Christ down), 7 or ‘Who will descend into the (SO)abyss?’ (that is, to (SP)bring Christ up from the dead).” 8 But what does it say? “(SQ)The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart”—that is, the word of faith which we are preaching, 9 [hu]that (SR)if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and (SS)believe in your heart that (ST)God raised Him from the dead, you will be saved; 10 for with the heart a person believes, [hv]resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, [hw]resulting in salvation. 11 For the Scripture says, “(SU)Whoever believes in Him will not be [hx]put to shame.” 12 For (SV)there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is (SW)Lord of (SX)all, abounding in riches for all who call on Him; 13 for “(SY)Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.”

14 How then are they to call on Him in whom they have not believed? How are they to believe in Him (SZ)whom they have not heard? And how are they to hear without (TA)a preacher? 15 But how are they to preach unless they are sent? Just as it is written: “(TB)How beautiful are the feet of those who [hy](TC)bring good news of good things!”

16 However, they (TD)did not all heed the [hz]good news; for Isaiah says, “(TE)Lord, who has believed our report?” 17 So faith comes from (TF)hearing, and hearing by (TG)the word [ia]of Christ.

18 But I say, surely they have never heard, have they? On the contrary:

“(TH)Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
And their words to the ends of the [ib]world.”

19 But I say, surely Israel did not know, did they? First Moses says,

“(TI)I will (TJ)make you jealous with those who are not a nation,
With a foolish nation I will anger you.”

20 And Isaiah is very bold and says,

“(TK)I was found by those who did not seek Me,
I revealed Myself to those who did not ask for Me.”

21 But as for Israel, He says, “(TL)I have spread out My hands all day long to a disobedient and obstinate people.”

Israel Has Not Been Rejected

11 I say then, God has not (TM)rejected His people, has He? [ic](TN)Far from it! For (TO)I too am an Israelite, [id]a descendant of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God (TP)has not rejected His people whom He (TQ)foreknew. (TR)Or do you not know what the Scripture says in the passage about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? 3 “Lord, (TS)they have killed Your prophets, they have torn down Your altars, and I alone am left, and they are seeking my life.” 4 But what [ie]is the divine response to him? “(TT)I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” 5 In the same way then, there has also come to be at the present time (TU)a remnant according to God’s [if]gracious choice. 6 But (TV)if it is by grace, it is no longer [ig]on the basis of works, since otherwise grace is no longer grace.

7 What then? What (TW)Israel is seeking, it has not obtained, but [ih]those who were chosen obtained it, and the rest were (TX)hardened; 8 just as it is written:

“(TY)God gave them a spirit of stupor,
Eyes to see not and ears to hear not,
Down to this very day.”

9 And David says,

“(TZ)May their table become a snare and a trap,
And a stumbling block and a retribution to them.
10 (UA)May their eyes be darkened to see not,
And bend their backs continually.”

11 (UB)I say then, they did not stumble so as to fall, did they? [ii](UC)Far from it! But by their wrongdoing (UD)salvation has come to the Gentiles, to (UE)make them jealous. 12 Now if their wrongdoing proves to be riches for the world, and their failure, riches for the Gentiles, how much more will their [ij](UF)fulfillment be! 13 But I am speaking to you who are Gentiles. Therefore insofar as (UG)I am an apostle of Gentiles, I magnify my ministry 14 if somehow I may (UH)move (UI)my [ik]own people to jealousy and (UJ)save some of them. 15 For if their rejection proves to be the (UK)reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but (UL)life from the dead? 16 If the (UM)first piece of dough is holy, the lump is also; and if the root is holy, the branches are as well.

17 But if some of the (UN)branches were broken off, and (UO)you, being a wild olive, were grafted in among them and became partaker with them of the [il]rich root of the olive tree, 18 do not be arrogant toward the branches; but if you are arrogant, remember that (UP)it is not you who supports the root, but the root supports you. 19 (UQ)You will say then, “Branches were broken off so that I might be grafted in.” 20 Quite right, they were broken off for their unbelief, but you (UR)stand by your faith. (US)Do not be conceited, but fear; 21 for if God did not spare the natural branches, He will not spare you, either. 22 See then the kindness and severity of God: to those who fell, severity, but to you, God’s (UT)kindness, (UU)if you continue in His kindness; for otherwise you too (UV)will be cut off. 23 And they also, (UW)if they do not continue in their unbelief, will be grafted in; for God is able to graft them in again. 24 For if you were cut off from what is by nature a wild olive tree, and contrary to nature were grafted into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these who are the natural branches be grafted into their own olive tree?

25 For (UX)I do not want you, brothers and sisters, to be uninformed of this (UY)mystery—so that you will not be (UZ)wise in your own estimation—that a partial (VA)hardening has happened to Israel until the (VB)fullness of the Gentiles has come in; 26 and so all Israel will be saved; just as it is written:

“(VC)The Deliverer will come from Zion,
He will remove ungodliness from Jacob.”
27 “(VD)This is [im]My covenant with them,
(VE)When I take away their sins.”

28 In relation to the gospel they are (VF)enemies on your account, but in relation to God’s choice they are beloved (VG)on account of the fathers; 29 for the gifts and the (VH)calling of God (VI)are irrevocable. 30 For just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy because of their disobedience, 31 so these also now have been disobedient, that because of the mercy shown to you they also may now be shown mercy. 32 For (VJ)God has shut up all in disobedience, so that He may show mercy to all.

33 Oh, the depth of (VK)the riches, [in]both of the (VL)wisdom and knowledge of God! (VM)How unsearchable are His judgments and unfathomable His ways! 34 For (VN)who has known the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor? 35 Or (VO)who has first given to Him, [io]that it would be paid back to him? 36 For (VP)from Him, and through Him, and to Him are all things. (VQ)To Him be the glory [ip]forever. Amen.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:1 Lit a called apostle
  2. Romans 1:3 Lit seed
  3. Romans 1:4 Or spirit
  4. Romans 1:4 Or as a result of
  5. Romans 1:5 Lit for obedience
  6. Romans 1:7 Lit holy ones; i.e., God’s people
  7. Romans 1:8 Or concerning you all, that...
  8. Romans 1:11 Or strengthened
  9. Romans 1:14 Lit debtor
  10. Romans 1:14 I.e., non-Hellenes
  11. Romans 1:17 Or by
  12. Romans 1:17 Or But the one who is righteous by faith shall live
  13. Romans 1:18 Or by
  14. Romans 1:19 Or among
  15. Romans 1:21 Lit glorify
  16. Romans 1:23 Or reptiles
  17. Romans 1:25 Lit the lie
  18. Romans 1:25 Lit unto the ages
  19. Romans 1:27 Lit of the female
  20. Romans 1:27 Lit shamelessness
  21. Romans 1:27 Lit themselves
  22. Romans 1:28 Lit to have God in knowledge
  23. Romans 1:30 Or hateful to God
  24. Romans 2:1 Lit O
  25. Romans 2:1 Or when you judge
  26. Romans 2:2 Lit is according to truth against
  27. Romans 2:3 Lit O
  28. Romans 2:4 I.e., from inflicting punishment
  29. Romans 2:5 Or in accordance with
  30. Romans 2:9 Lit upon
  31. Romans 2:9 Lit of the
  32. Romans 2:9 Lit of the
  33. Romans 2:12 Or without law
  34. Romans 2:12 Or without law
  35. Romans 2:12 Or under law
  36. Romans 2:12 Or by law
  37. Romans 2:13 Or of law
  38. Romans 2:13 Or just
  39. Romans 2:13 Or of law
  40. Romans 2:14 Or law
  41. Romans 2:14 Lit by nature
  42. Romans 2:14 Or law
  43. Romans 2:17 Or Judean
  44. Romans 2:17 Or upon law
  45. Romans 2:18 Or approve
  46. Romans 2:20 Or instructor
  47. Romans 2:20 Lit infants
  48. Romans 2:21 Or proclaim
  49. Romans 2:23 Or in law
  50. Romans 2:25 Or law
  51. Romans 2:25 Or of law
  52. Romans 2:26 Lit uncircumcision
  53. Romans 2:27 Lit through the letter
  54. Romans 2:27 Or of law
  55. Romans 3:1 Lit is the advantage of the Jew
  56. Romans 3:3 Or were unfaithful
  57. Romans 3:3 Or unfaithfulness
  58. Romans 3:4 Lit May it never happen! And so throughout the ch
  59. Romans 3:4 Or in Your judging
  60. Romans 3:5 I.e., by requiring His judgment
  61. Romans 3:8 Lit Whose
  62. Romans 3:9 Or Are we worse
  63. Romans 3:12 Or depraved
  64. Romans 3:13 I.e., venomous snakes
  65. Romans 3:19 Lit in
  66. Romans 3:20 Or of law
  67. Romans 3:20 Lit no flesh
  68. Romans 3:20 Or through law
  69. Romans 3:20 Or recognition
  70. Romans 3:21 Or from law
  71. Romans 3:21 I.e., the Old Testament
  72. Romans 3:22 Or who believe. For there is
  73. Romans 3:23 Or sinned
  74. Romans 3:25 I.e., a means of reconciliation between God and mankind by paying the penalty for sin
  75. Romans 3:25 Or by
  76. Romans 3:25 Lit because of the passing over of the sins previously committed, in the restraint of God
  77. Romans 3:26 Lit is of the faith of Jesus
  78. Romans 3:28 One early ms Therefore
  79. Romans 3:28 Or of law
  80. Romans 3:30 Lit circumcision
  81. Romans 3:30 Lit out of
  82. Romans 3:30 Lit uncircumcision
  83. Romans 3:31 Or law
  84. Romans 4:1 Or our forefather, has found according to the flesh
  85. Romans 4:2 Lit out of
  86. Romans 4:2 Lit toward
  87. Romans 4:9 Lit circumcision
  88. Romans 4:9 Lit uncircumcision
  89. Romans 4:10 Lit in circumcision
  90. Romans 4:10 Lit in uncircumcision
  91. Romans 4:10 Lit in circumcision
  92. Romans 4:10 Lit in uncircumcision
  93. Romans 4:11 Lit was in uncircumcision
  94. Romans 4:12 Lit was in uncircumcision
  95. Romans 4:13 Lit seed
  96. Romans 4:13 Or through law
  97. Romans 4:14 Or of law
  98. Romans 4:16 Or out of
  99. Romans 4:16 Lit seed
  100. Romans 4:16 Lit that which is
  101. Romans 4:16 Lit that which is
  102. Romans 4:18 Lit seed
  103. Romans 5:1 Two early mss let’s have
  104. Romans 5:2 Lit we boast; or let’s
  105. Romans 5:3 Lit we also boast; or let’s also boast
  106. Romans 5:7 Lit for
  107. Romans 5:9 Or in
  108. Romans 5:10 Or in
  109. Romans 5:11 Lit also boasting
  110. Romans 5:13 Or until law
  111. Romans 5:13 Lit credited to
  112. Romans 5:14 I.e., of God’s command
  113. Romans 5:14 Or foreshadowing
  114. Romans 5:15 Lit not as the offense, so also is the gracious gift
  115. Romans 5:16 Lit to condemnation
  116. Romans 5:16 Lit to an act of righteousness
  117. Romans 5:18 Lit to condemnation
  118. Romans 5:18 Lit to justification
  119. Romans 5:20 Or law
  120. Romans 6:2 Lit May it never happen!
  121. Romans 6:5 Or united with the likeness
  122. Romans 6:5 Or with
  123. Romans 6:6 Lit person (Gr anthropos)
  124. Romans 6:6 Or made powerless
  125. Romans 6:7 Or acquitted
  126. Romans 6:9 Lit no longer dies
  127. Romans 6:10 Lit that which He died
  128. Romans 6:10 Lit that which He lives
  129. Romans 6:10 I.e., the Father
  130. Romans 6:13 Lit your parts to sin
  131. Romans 6:13 Or weapons
  132. Romans 6:13 Lit your parts as
  133. Romans 6:13 Or weapons
  134. Romans 6:14 Or law
  135. Romans 6:15 Or law
  136. Romans 6:15 Lit May it never happen!
  137. Romans 6:16 Lit to death
  138. Romans 6:16 Lit to righteousness
  139. Romans 6:17 Lit you were slaves...but you became
  140. Romans 6:17 Or pattern
  141. Romans 6:19 I.e., reluctantly using slavery as an analogy
  142. Romans 6:19 Lit your parts as
  143. Romans 6:19 Lit to lawlessness
  144. Romans 6:19 Lit your parts as
  145. Romans 6:19 Lit to sanctification
  146. Romans 6:21 Lit fruit
  147. Romans 6:21 Lit having
  148. Romans 6:22 Lit have
  149. Romans 6:22 Lit fruit
  150. Romans 6:22 Lit to sanctification
  151. Romans 7:1 Or law
  152. Romans 7:1 Or law
  153. Romans 7:2 Lit living husband; but if
  154. Romans 7:2 Lit of
  155. Romans 7:3 Lit becomes another man’s
  156. Romans 7:3 I.e., in marriage; lit becomes another man’s
  157. Romans 7:5 Lit our parts to bear
  158. Romans 7:6 Or spirit
  159. Romans 7:7 Lit May it never happen!
  160. Romans 7:7 Or through law
  161. Romans 7:7 Or lust
  162. Romans 7:7 Or lust
  163. Romans 7:8 Or lust
  164. Romans 7:8 Or from law
  165. Romans 7:9 Or from law
  166. Romans 7:10 Lit to life
  167. Romans 7:10 Lit to death
  168. Romans 7:13 Lit May it never happen!
  169. Romans 7:14 Lit under sin
  170. Romans 7:21 Lit law
  171. Romans 7:22 Or with respect to
  172. Romans 7:23 Lit my parts waging
  173. Romans 7:23 Lit in
  174. Romans 7:23 Lit my parts
  175. Romans 7:24 Or this body of death
  176. Romans 8:2 Or has set you free in Christ Jesus
  177. Romans 8:3 Lit in which it was weak
  178. Romans 8:3 Lit flesh of sin
  179. Romans 8:4 Or in accordance with
  180. Romans 8:4 Or in accordance with
  181. Romans 8:6 Lit of the
  182. Romans 8:6 Lit of the
  183. Romans 8:7 Lit of the
  184. Romans 8:10 Lit life
  185. Romans 8:11 One early ms because of
  186. Romans 8:15 Lit for fear again
  187. Romans 8:15 Or the Spirit
  188. Romans 8:15 Gr translation of the Aramaic Abba provided by Paul
  189. Romans 8:20 Or in hope; because the creation
  190. Romans 8:26 Lit wordless groanings
  191. Romans 8:27 Lit holy ones; i.e., God’s people
  192. Romans 8:28 One early ms He; i.e., God
  193. Romans 8:28 Or in all things works together with those...for good
  194. Romans 8:34 One early ms raised from the dead
  195. Romans 8:35 Two early mss God
  196. Romans 9:3 Lit pray
  197. Romans 9:5 I.e., Messiah
  198. Romans 9:5 Lit unto the ages
  199. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  200. Romans 9:7 Lit in
  201. Romans 9:7 Lit seed
  202. Romans 9:8 Lit these
  203. Romans 9:8 Lit seed
  204. Romans 9:11 Lit remain
  205. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  206. Romans 9:11 Lit from
  207. Romans 9:14 Lit May it never happen!
  208. Romans 9:16 Or wills nor
  209. Romans 9:16 I.e., to win mercy or favor
  210. Romans 9:17 Lit in all
  211. Romans 9:20 Lit O
  212. Romans 9:21 Lit for honor
  213. Romans 9:21 Lit for dishonor
  214. Romans 9:22 Lit But
  215. Romans 9:28 Lit finishing it
  216. Romans 9:28 Lit cutting it short
  217. Romans 9:29 Gr sabaoth, for Heb tsebaoth (armies)
  218. Romans 9:29 Lit seed
  219. Romans 9:29 Lit been made like
  220. Romans 9:30 Lit out of
  221. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  222. Romans 9:32 Lit out of
  223. Romans 9:33 Or disappointed
  224. Romans 10:4 Or goal
  225. Romans 10:5 Lit out of, from
  226. Romans 10:5 I.e., the statutes of the Law
  227. Romans 10:5 I.e., the statutes of the Law
  228. Romans 10:6 Lit out of, from
  229. Romans 10:9 Or because
  230. Romans 10:10 Lit to righteousness
  231. Romans 10:10 Lit to salvation
  232. Romans 10:11 Or disappointed
  233. Romans 10:15 Or preach the gospel
  234. Romans 10:16 Or gospel
  235. Romans 10:17 Or concerning Christ
  236. Romans 10:18 Or inhabited earth
  237. Romans 11:1 Lit May it never happen!
  238. Romans 11:1 Lit of the seed of Abraham
  239. Romans 11:4 Lit says
  240. Romans 11:5 Lit choice of grace
  241. Romans 11:6 Lit out of
  242. Romans 11:7 Lit the election
  243. Romans 11:11 Lit May it never happen!
  244. Romans 11:12 Or fullness
  245. Romans 11:14 Lit flesh
  246. Romans 11:17 Lit root of the fatness
  247. Romans 11:27 Lit the covenant from Me
  248. Romans 11:33 Or and the wisdom
  249. Romans 11:35 Lit and it will be paid back
  250. Romans 11:36 Lit to the ages
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Romans 1-9
New International Version

1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle(A) and set apart(B) for the gospel of God(C)— 2 the gospel he promised beforehand(D) through his prophets(E) in the Holy Scriptures(F) 3 regarding his Son, who as to his earthly life[a](G) was a descendant of David,(H) 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was appointed the Son of God in power[b](I) by his resurrection from the dead:(J) Jesus Christ our Lord.(K) 5 Through him we received grace(L) and apostleship to call all the Gentiles(M) to the obedience that comes from[c] faith(N) for his name’s sake. 6 And you also are among those Gentiles who are called to belong to Jesus Christ.(O)

7 To all in Rome who are loved by God(P) and called to be his holy people:(Q)

Grace and peace to you from God our Father and from the Lord Jesus Christ.(R)

Paul’s Longing to Visit Rome

8 First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for all of you,(S) because your faith is being reported all over the world.(T) 9 God, whom I serve(U) in my spirit in preaching the gospel of his Son, is my witness(V) how constantly I remember you 10 in my prayers at all times;(W) and I pray that now at last by God’s will(X) the way may be opened for me to come to you.(Y)

11 I long to see you(Z) so that I may impart to you some spiritual gift(AA) to make you strong— 12 that is, that you and I may be mutually encouraged by each other’s faith. 13 I do not want you to be unaware,(AB) brothers and sisters,[d](AC) that I planned many times to come to you (but have been prevented from doing so until now)(AD) in order that I might have a harvest among you, just as I have had among the other Gentiles.

14 I am obligated(AE) both to Greeks and non-Greeks, both to the wise and the foolish. 15 That is why I am so eager to preach the gospel also to you who are in Rome.(AF)

16 For I am not ashamed of the gospel,(AG) because it is the power of God(AH) that brings salvation to everyone who believes:(AI) first to the Jew,(AJ) then to the Gentile.(AK) 17 For in the gospel the righteousness of God is revealed(AL)—a righteousness that is by faith(AM) from first to last,[e] just as it is written: “The righteous will live by faith.”[f](AN)

God’s Wrath Against Sinful Humanity

18 The wrath of God(AO) is being revealed from heaven against all the godlessness and wickedness of people, who suppress the truth by their wickedness, 19 since what may be known about God is plain to them, because God has made it plain to them.(AP) 20 For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities—his eternal power and divine nature—have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made,(AQ) so that people are without excuse.(AR)

21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him, but their thinking became futile and their foolish hearts were darkened.(AS) 22 Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools(AT) 23 and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images(AU) made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.

24 Therefore God gave them over(AV) in the sinful desires of their hearts to sexual impurity for the degrading of their bodies with one another.(AW) 25 They exchanged the truth about God for a lie,(AX) and worshiped and served created things(AY) rather than the Creator—who is forever praised.(AZ) Amen.(BA)

26 Because of this, God gave them over(BB) to shameful lusts.(BC) Even their women exchanged natural sexual relations for unnatural ones.(BD) 27 In the same way the men also abandoned natural relations with women and were inflamed with lust for one another. Men committed shameful acts with other men, and received in themselves the due penalty for their error.(BE)

28 Furthermore, just as they did not think it worthwhile to retain the knowledge of God, so God gave them over(BF) to a depraved mind, so that they do what ought not to be done. 29 They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit and malice. They are gossips,(BG) 30 slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant and boastful; they invent ways of doing evil; they disobey their parents;(BH) 31 they have no understanding, no fidelity, no love,(BI) no mercy. 32 Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things deserve death,(BJ) they not only continue to do these very things but also approve(BK) of those who practice them.

God’s Righteous Judgment

2 You, therefore, have no excuse,(BL) you who pass judgment on someone else, for at whatever point you judge another, you are condemning yourself, because you who pass judgment do the same things.(BM) 2 Now we know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth. 3 So when you, a mere human being, pass judgment on them and yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment? 4 Or do you show contempt for the riches(BN) of his kindness,(BO) forbearance(BP) and patience,(BQ) not realizing that God’s kindness is intended to lead you to repentance?(BR)

5 But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of God’s wrath(BS), when his righteous judgment(BT) will be revealed. 6 God “will repay each person according to what they have done.”[g](BU) 7 To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor(BV) and immortality,(BW) he will give eternal life.(BX) 8 But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow evil,(BY) there will be wrath and anger.(BZ) 9 There will be trouble and distress for every human being who does evil:(CA) first for the Jew, then for the Gentile;(CB) 10 but glory, honor and peace for everyone who does good: first for the Jew, then for the Gentile.(CC) 11 For God does not show favoritism.(CD)

12 All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law(CE) will be judged by the law. 13 For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God’s sight, but it is those who obey(CF) the law who will be declared righteous. 14 (Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law,(CG) they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law. 15 They show that the requirements of the law are written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts sometimes accusing them and at other times even defending them.) 16 This will take place on the day when God judges people’s secrets(CH) through Jesus Christ,(CI) as my gospel(CJ) declares.

The Jews and the Law

17 Now you, if you call yourself a Jew; if you rely on the law and boast in God;(CK) 18 if you know his will and approve of what is superior because you are instructed by the law; 19 if you are convinced that you are a guide for the blind, a light for those who are in the dark, 20 an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of little children, because you have in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth— 21 you, then, who teach others, do you not teach yourself? You who preach against stealing, do you steal?(CL) 22 You who say that people should not commit adultery, do you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples?(CM) 23 You who boast in the law,(CN) do you dishonor God by breaking the law? 24 As it is written: “God’s name is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you.”[h](CO)

25 Circumcision has value if you observe the law,(CP) but if you break the law, you have become as though you had not been circumcised.(CQ) 26 So then, if those who are not circumcised keep the law’s requirements,(CR) will they not be regarded as though they were circumcised?(CS) 27 The one who is not circumcised physically and yet obeys the law will condemn you(CT) who, even though you have the[i] written code and circumcision, are a lawbreaker.

28 A person is not a Jew who is one only outwardly,(CU) nor is circumcision merely outward and physical.(CV) 29 No, a person is a Jew who is one inwardly; and circumcision is circumcision of the heart,(CW) by the Spirit,(CX) not by the written code.(CY) Such a person’s praise is not from other people, but from God.(CZ)

God’s Faithfulness

3 What advantage, then, is there in being a Jew, or what value is there in circumcision? 2 Much in every way!(DA) First of all, the Jews have been entrusted with the very words of God.(DB)

3 What if some were unfaithful?(DC) Will their unfaithfulness nullify God’s faithfulness?(DD) 4 Not at all! Let God be true,(DE) and every human being a liar.(DF) As it is written:

“So that you may be proved right when you speak
    and prevail when you judge.”[j](DG)

5 But if our unrighteousness brings out God’s righteousness more clearly,(DH) what shall we say? That God is unjust in bringing his wrath on us? (I am using a human argument.)(DI) 6 Certainly not! If that were so, how could God judge the world?(DJ) 7 Someone might argue, “If my falsehood enhances God’s truthfulness and so increases his glory,(DK) why am I still condemned as a sinner?”(DL) 8 Why not say—as some slanderously claim that we say—“Let us do evil that good may result”?(DM) Their condemnation is just!

No One Is Righteous

9 What shall we conclude then? Do we have any advantage?(DN) Not at all! For we have already made the charge that Jews and Gentiles alike are all under the power of sin.(DO) 10 As it is written:

“There is no one righteous, not even one;
11     there is no one who understands;
    there is no one who seeks God.
12 All have turned away,
    they have together become worthless;
there is no one who does good,
    not even one.”[k](DP)
13 “Their throats are open graves;
    their tongues practice deceit.”[l](DQ)
“The poison of vipers is on their lips.”[m](DR)
14     “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”[n](DS)
15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood;
16     ruin and misery mark their ways,
17 and the way of peace they do not know.”[o](DT)
18     “There is no fear of God before their eyes.”[p](DU)

19 Now we know that whatever the law says,(DV) it says to those who are under the law,(DW) so that every mouth may be silenced(DX) and the whole world held accountable to God.(DY) 20 Therefore no one will be declared righteous in God’s sight by the works of the law;(DZ) rather, through the law we become conscious of our sin.(EA)

Righteousness Through Faith

21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God(EB) has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify.(EC) 22 This righteousness(ED) is given through faith(EE) in[q] Jesus Christ(EF) to all who believe.(EG) There is no difference between Jew and Gentile,(EH) 23 for all have sinned(EI) and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and all are justified(EJ) freely by his grace(EK) through the redemption(EL) that came by Christ Jesus. 25 God presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement,[r](EM) through the shedding of his blood(EN)—to be received by faith. He did this to demonstrate his righteousness, because in his forbearance he had left the sins committed beforehand unpunished(EO)— 26 he did it to demonstrate his righteousness at the present time, so as to be just and the one who justifies those who have faith in Jesus.

27 Where, then, is boasting?(EP) It is excluded. Because of what law? The law that requires works? No, because of the law that requires faith. 28 For we maintain that a person is justified by faith apart from the works of the law.(EQ) 29 Or is God the God of Jews only? Is he not the God of Gentiles too? Yes, of Gentiles too,(ER) 30 since there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through that same faith.(ES) 31 Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Not at all! Rather, we uphold the law.

Abraham Justified by Faith

4 What then shall we say(ET) that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh,(EU) discovered in this matter? 2 If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.(EV) 3 What does Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[s](EW)

4 Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift(EX) but as an obligation. 5 However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.(EY) 6 David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

7 “Blessed are those
    whose transgressions are forgiven,
    whose sins are covered.
8 Blessed is the one
    whose sin the Lord will never count against them.”[t](EZ)

9 Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised?(FA) We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.(FB) 10 Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! 11 And he received circumcision as a sign, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised.(FC) So then, he is the father(FD) of all who believe(FE) but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. 12 And he is then also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also follow in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.

13 It was not through the law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise(FF) that he would be heir of the world,(FG) but through the righteousness that comes by faith.(FH) 14 For if those who depend on the law are heirs, faith means nothing and the promise is worthless,(FI) 15 because the law brings wrath.(FJ) And where there is no law there is no transgression.(FK)

16 Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace(FL) and may be guaranteed(FM) to all Abraham’s offspring—not only to those who are of the law but also to those who have the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.(FN) 17 As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.”[u](FO) He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life(FP) to the dead and calls(FQ) into being things that were not.(FR)

18 Against all hope, Abraham in hope believed and so became the father of many nations,(FS) just as it had been said to him, “So shall your offspring be.”[v](FT) 19 Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead(FU)—since he was about a hundred years old(FV)—and that Sarah’s womb was also dead.(FW) 20 Yet he did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened(FX) in his faith and gave glory to God,(FY) 21 being fully persuaded that God had power to do what he had promised.(FZ) 22 This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”(GA) 23 The words “it was credited to him” were written not for him alone, 24 but also for us,(GB) to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in him(GC) who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.(GD) 25 He was delivered over to death for our sins(GE) and was raised to life for our justification.(GF)

Peace and Hope

5 Therefore, since we have been justified(GG) through faith,(GH) we[w] have peace(GI) with God through our Lord Jesus Christ,(GJ) 2 through whom we have gained access(GK) by faith into this grace in which we now stand.(GL) And we[x] boast in the hope(GM) of the glory of God. 3 Not only so, but we[y] also glory in our sufferings,(GN) because we know that suffering produces perseverance;(GO) 4 perseverance, character; and character, hope. 5 And hope(GP) does not put us to shame, because God’s love(GQ) has been poured out into our hearts through the Holy Spirit,(GR) who has been given to us.

6 You see, at just the right time,(GS) when we were still powerless,(GT) Christ died for the ungodly.(GU) 7 Very rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person someone might possibly dare to die. 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.(GV)

9 Since we have now been justified(GW) by his blood,(GX) how much more shall we be saved from God’s wrath(GY) through him! 10 For if, while we were God’s enemies,(GZ) we were reconciled(HA) to him through the death of his Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through his life!(HB) 11 Not only is this so, but we also boast in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.(HC)

Death Through Adam, Life Through Christ

12 Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man,(HD) and death through sin,(HE) and in this way death came to all people, because all sinned(HF)—

13 To be sure, sin was in the world before the law was given, but sin is not charged against anyone’s account where there is no law.(HG) 14 Nevertheless, death reigned from the time of Adam to the time of Moses, even over those who did not sin by breaking a command, as did Adam,(HH) who is a pattern of the one to come.(HI)

15 But the gift is not like the trespass. For if the many died by the trespass of the one man,(HJ) how much more did God’s grace and the gift that came by the grace of the one man, Jesus Christ,(HK) overflow to the many! 16 Nor can the gift of God be compared with the result of one man’s sin: The judgment followed one sin and brought condemnation, but the gift followed many trespasses and brought justification. 17 For if, by the trespass of the one man, death(HL) reigned through that one man, how much more will those who receive God’s abundant provision of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life(HM) through the one man, Jesus Christ!

18 Consequently, just as one trespass resulted in condemnation for all people,(HN) so also one righteous act resulted in justification(HO) and life(HP) for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man(HQ) the many were made sinners,(HR) so also through the obedience(HS) of the one man the many will be made righteous.

20 The law was brought in so that the trespass might increase.(HT) But where sin increased, grace increased all the more,(HU) 21 so that, just as sin reigned in death,(HV) so also grace(HW) might reign through righteousness to bring eternal life(HX) through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Dead to Sin, Alive in Christ

6 What shall we say, then?(HY) Shall we go on sinning so that grace may increase?(HZ) 2 By no means! We are those who have died to sin;(IA) how can we live in it any longer? 3 Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized(IB) into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? 4 We were therefore buried with him through baptism into death(IC) in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead(ID) through the glory of the Father, we too may live a new life.(IE)

5 For if we have been united with him in a death like his, we will certainly also be united with him in a resurrection like his.(IF) 6 For we know that our old self(IG) was crucified with him(IH) so that the body ruled by sin(II) might be done away with,[z] that we should no longer be slaves to sin(IJ)— 7 because anyone who has died has been set free from sin.(IK)

8 Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him.(IL) 9 For we know that since Christ was raised from the dead,(IM) he cannot die again; death no longer has mastery over him.(IN) 10 The death he died, he died to sin(IO) once for all;(IP) but the life he lives, he lives to God.

11 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin(IQ) but alive to God in Christ Jesus. 12 Therefore do not let sin reign(IR) in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires. 13 Do not offer any part of yourself to sin as an instrument of wickedness,(IS) but rather offer yourselves to God as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer every part of yourself to him as an instrument of righteousness.(IT) 14 For sin shall no longer be your master,(IU) because you are not under the law,(IV) but under grace.(IW)

Slaves to Righteousness

15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under the law but under grace?(IX) By no means! 16 Don’t you know that when you offer yourselves to someone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey(IY)—whether you are slaves to sin,(IZ) which leads to death,(JA) or to obedience, which leads to righteousness? 17 But thanks be to God(JB) that, though you used to be slaves to sin,(JC) you have come to obey from your heart the pattern of teaching(JD) that has now claimed your allegiance. 18 You have been set free from sin(JE) and have become slaves to righteousness.(JF)

19 I am using an example from everyday life(JG) because of your human limitations. Just as you used to offer yourselves as slaves to impurity and to ever-increasing wickedness, so now offer yourselves as slaves to righteousness(JH) leading to holiness. 20 When you were slaves to sin,(JI) you were free from the control of righteousness.(JJ) 21 What benefit did you reap at that time from the things you are now ashamed of? Those things result in death!(JK) 22 But now that you have been set free from sin(JL) and have become slaves of God,(JM) the benefit you reap leads to holiness, and the result is eternal life.(JN) 23 For the wages of sin is death,(JO) but the gift of God is eternal life(JP) in[aa] Christ Jesus our Lord.

Released From the Law, Bound to Christ

7 Do you not know, brothers and sisters(JQ)—for I am speaking to those who know the law—that the law has authority over someone only as long as that person lives? 2 For example, by law a married woman is bound to her husband as long as he is alive, but if her husband dies, she is released from the law that binds her to him.(JR) 3 So then, if she has sexual relations with another man while her husband is still alive, she is called an adulteress.(JS) But if her husband dies, she is released from that law and is not an adulteress if she marries another man.

4 So, my brothers and sisters, you also died to the law(JT) through the body of Christ,(JU) that you might belong to another,(JV) to him who was raised from the dead, in order that we might bear fruit for God. 5 For when we were in the realm of the flesh,[ab](JW) the sinful passions aroused by the law(JX) were at work in us,(JY) so that we bore fruit for death.(JZ) 6 But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law(KA) so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code.(KB)

The Law and Sin

7 What shall we say, then?(KC) Is the law sinful? Certainly not!(KD) Nevertheless, I would not have known what sin was had it not been for the law.(KE) For I would not have known what coveting really was if the law had not said, “You shall not covet.”[ac](KF) 8 But sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment,(KG) produced in me every kind of coveting. For apart from the law, sin was dead.(KH) 9 Once I was alive apart from the law; but when the commandment came, sin sprang to life and I died. 10 I found that the very commandment that was intended to bring life(KI) actually brought death. 11 For sin, seizing the opportunity afforded by the commandment,(KJ) deceived me,(KK) and through the commandment put me to death. 12 So then, the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous and good.(KL)

13 Did that which is good, then, become death to me? By no means! Nevertheless, in order that sin might be recognized as sin, it used what is good(KM) to bring about my death,(KN) so that through the commandment sin might become utterly sinful.

14 We know that the law is spiritual; but I am unspiritual,(KO) sold(KP) as a slave to sin.(KQ) 15 I do not understand what I do. For what I want to do I do not do, but what I hate I do.(KR) 16 And if I do what I do not want to do, I agree that the law is good.(KS) 17 As it is, it is no longer I myself who do it, but it is sin living in me.(KT) 18 For I know that good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature.[ad](KU) For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out. 19 For I do not do the good I want to do, but the evil I do not want to do—this I keep on doing.(KV) 20 Now if I do what I do not want to do, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it.(KW)

21 So I find this law at work:(KX) Although I want to do good, evil is right there with me. 22 For in my inner being(KY) I delight in God’s law;(KZ) 23 but I see another law at work in me, waging war(LA) against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin(LB) at work within me. 24 What a wretched man I am! Who will rescue me from this body that is subject to death?(LC) 25 Thanks be to God, who delivers me through Jesus Christ our Lord!(LD)

So then, I myself in my mind am a slave to God’s law,(LE) but in my sinful nature[ae] a slave to the law of sin.(LF)

Life Through the Spirit

8 Therefore, there is now no condemnation(LG) for those who are in Christ Jesus,(LH) 2 because through Christ Jesus(LI) the law of the Spirit who gives life(LJ) has set you[af] free(LK) from the law of sin(LL) and death. 3 For what the law was powerless(LM) to do because it was weakened by the flesh,[ag](LN) God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh(LO) to be a sin offering.[ah](LP) And so he condemned sin in the flesh, 4 in order that the righteous requirement(LQ) of the law might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the flesh but according to the Spirit.(LR)

5 Those who live according to the flesh have their minds set on what the flesh desires;(LS) but those who live in accordance with the Spirit have their minds set on what the Spirit desires.(LT) 6 The mind governed by the flesh is death,(LU) but the mind governed by the Spirit is life(LV) and peace. 7 The mind governed by the flesh is hostile to God;(LW) it does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so. 8 Those who are in the realm of the flesh(LX) cannot please God.

9 You, however, are not in the realm of the flesh(LY) but are in the realm of the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God lives in you.(LZ) And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ,(MA) they do not belong to Christ. 10 But if Christ is in you,(MB) then even though your body is subject to death because of sin, the Spirit gives life[ai] because of righteousness. 11 And if the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead(MC) is living in you, he who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies(MD) because of[aj] his Spirit who lives in you.

12 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we have an obligation—but it is not to the flesh, to live according to it.(ME) 13 For if you live according to the flesh, you will die;(MF) but if by the Spirit you put to death the misdeeds of the body,(MG) you will live.(MH)

14 For those who are led by the Spirit of God(MI) are the children of God.(MJ) 15 The Spirit(MK) you received does not make you slaves, so that you live in fear again;(ML) rather, the Spirit you received brought about your adoption to sonship.[ak] And by him we cry, “Abba,[al] Father.”(MM) 16 The Spirit himself testifies with our spirit(MN) that we are God’s children.(MO) 17 Now if we are children, then we are heirs(MP)—heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in his sufferings(MQ) in order that we may also share in his glory.(MR)

Present Suffering and Future Glory

18 I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us.(MS) 19 For the creation waits in eager expectation for the children of God(MT) to be revealed. 20 For the creation was subjected to frustration, not by its own choice, but by the will of the one who subjected it,(MU) in hope 21 that[am] the creation itself will be liberated from its bondage to decay(MV) and brought into the freedom and glory of the children of God.(MW)

22 We know that the whole creation has been groaning(MX) as in the pains of childbirth right up to the present time. 23 Not only so, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit,(MY) groan(MZ) inwardly as we wait eagerly(NA) for our adoption to sonship, the redemption of our bodies.(NB) 24 For in this hope we were saved.(NC) But hope that is seen is no hope at all.(ND) Who hopes for what they already have? 25 But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently.(NE)

26 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit(NF) himself intercedes for us(NG) through wordless groans. 27 And he who searches our hearts(NH) knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes(NI) for God’s people in accordance with the will of God.

28 And we know that in all things God works for the good(NJ) of those who love him, who[an] have been called(NK) according to his purpose.(NL) 29 For those God foreknew(NM) he also predestined(NN) to be conformed to the image of his Son,(NO) that he might be the firstborn(NP) among many brothers and sisters. 30 And those he predestined,(NQ) he also called;(NR) those he called, he also justified;(NS) those he justified, he also glorified.(NT)

More Than Conquerors

31 What, then, shall we say in response to these things?(NU) If God is for us,(NV) who can be against us?(NW) 32 He who did not spare his own Son,(NX) but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, graciously give us all things? 33 Who will bring any charge(NY) against those whom God has chosen? It is God who justifies. 34 Who then is the one who condemns?(NZ) No one. Christ Jesus who died(OA)—more than that, who was raised to life(OB)—is at the right hand of God(OC) and is also interceding for us.(OD) 35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?(OE) Shall trouble or hardship or persecution or famine or nakedness or danger or sword?(OF) 36 As it is written:

“For your sake we face death all day long;
    we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.”[ao](OG)

37 No, in all these things we are more than conquerors(OH) through him who loved us.(OI) 38 For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons,[ap] neither the present nor the future,(OJ) nor any powers,(OK) 39 neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God(OL) that is in Christ Jesus our Lord.(OM)

Paul’s Anguish Over Israel

9 I speak the truth in Christ—I am not lying,(ON) my conscience confirms(OO) it through the Holy Spirit— 2 I have great sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. 3 For I could wish that I myself(OP) were cursed(OQ) and cut off from Christ for the sake of my people,(OR) those of my own race,(OS) 4 the people of Israel.(OT) Theirs is the adoption to sonship;(OU) theirs the divine glory,(OV) the covenants,(OW) the receiving of the law,(OX) the temple worship(OY) and the promises.(OZ) 5 Theirs are the patriarchs,(PA) and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah,(PB) who is God over all,(PC) forever praised![aq](PD) Amen.

God’s Sovereign Choice

6 It is not as though God’s word(PE) had failed. For not all who are descended from Israel are Israel.(PF) 7 Nor because they are his descendants are they all Abraham’s children. On the contrary, “It is through Isaac that your offspring will be reckoned.”[ar](PG) 8 In other words, it is not the children by physical descent who are God’s children,(PH) but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as Abraham’s offspring.(PI) 9 For this was how the promise was stated: “At the appointed time I will return, and Sarah will have a son.”[as](PJ)

10 Not only that, but Rebekah’s children were conceived at the same time by our father Isaac.(PK) 11 Yet, before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad(PL)—in order that God’s purpose(PM) in election might stand: 12 not by works but by him who calls—she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”[at](PN) 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[au](PO)

14 What then shall we say?(PP) Is God unjust? Not at all!(PQ) 15 For he says to Moses,

“I will have mercy on whom I have mercy,
    and I will have compassion on whom I have compassion.”[av](PR)

16 It does not, therefore, depend on human desire or effort, but on God’s mercy.(PS) 17 For Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display my power in you and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth.”[aw](PT) 18 Therefore God has mercy on whom he wants to have mercy, and he hardens whom he wants to harden.(PU)

19 One of you will say to me:(PV) “Then why does God still blame us?(PW) For who is able to resist his will?”(PX) 20 But who are you, a human being, to talk back to God?(PY) “Shall what is formed say to the one who formed it,(PZ) ‘Why did you make me like this?’”[ax](QA) 21 Does not the potter have the right to make out of the same lump of clay some pottery for special purposes and some for common use?(QB)

22 What if God, although choosing to show his wrath and make his power known, bore with great patience(QC) the objects of his wrath—prepared for destruction?(QD) 23 What if he did this to make the riches of his glory(QE) known to the objects of his mercy, whom he prepared in advance for glory(QF)— 24 even us, whom he also called,(QG) not only from the Jews but also from the Gentiles?(QH) 25 As he says in Hosea:

“I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;
    and I will call her ‘my loved one’ who is not my loved one,”[ay](QI)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:3 Or who according to the flesh
  2. Romans 1:4 Or was declared with power to be the Son of God
  3. Romans 1:5 Or that is
  4. Romans 1:13 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 7:1, 4; 8:12, 29; 10:1; 11:25; 12:1; 15:14, 30; 16:14, 17.
  5. Romans 1:17 Or is from faith to faith
  6. Romans 1:17 Hab. 2:4
  7. Romans 2:6 Psalm 62:12; Prov. 24:12
  8. Romans 2:24 Isaiah 52:5 (see Septuagint); Ezek. 36:20,22
  9. Romans 2:27 Or who, by means of a
  10. Romans 3:4 Psalm 51:4
  11. Romans 3:12 Psalms 14:1-3; 53:1-3; Eccles. 7:20
  12. Romans 3:13 Psalm 5:9
  13. Romans 3:13 Psalm 140:3
  14. Romans 3:14 Psalm 10:7 (see Septuagint)
  15. Romans 3:17 Isaiah 59:7,8
  16. Romans 3:18 Psalm 36:1
  17. Romans 3:22 Or through the faithfulness of
  18. Romans 3:25 The Greek for sacrifice of atonement refers to the atonement cover on the ark of the covenant (see Lev. 16:15,16).
  19. Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
  20. Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
  21. Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
  22. Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5
  23. Romans 5:1 Many manuscripts let us
  24. Romans 5:2 Or let us
  25. Romans 5:3 Or let us
  26. Romans 6:6 Or be rendered powerless
  27. Romans 6:23 Or through
  28. Romans 7:5 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.
  29. Romans 7:7 Exodus 20:17; Deut. 5:21
  30. Romans 7:18 Or my flesh
  31. Romans 7:25 Or in the flesh
  32. Romans 8:2 The Greek is singular; some manuscripts me
  33. Romans 8:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 4-13.
  34. Romans 8:3 Or flesh, for sin
  35. Romans 8:10 Or you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive
  36. Romans 8:11 Some manuscripts bodies through
  37. Romans 8:15 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture; also in verse 23.
  38. Romans 8:15 Aramaic for father
  39. Romans 8:21 Or subjected it in hope. 21 For
  40. Romans 8:28 Or that all things work together for good to those who love God, who; or that in all things God works together with those who love him to bring about what is good—with those who
  41. Romans 8:36 Psalm 44:22
  42. Romans 8:38 Or nor heavenly rulers
  43. Romans 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!
  44. Romans 9:7 Gen. 21:12
  45. Romans 9:9 Gen. 18:10,14
  46. Romans 9:12 Gen. 25:23
  47. Romans 9:13 Mal. 1:2,3
  48. Romans 9:15 Exodus 33:19
  49. Romans 9:17 Exodus 9:16
  50. Romans 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9
  51. Romans 9:25 Hosea 2:23
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