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Book Five

Book Five (Psalms 107–150) succinctly presents many of the major themes of the previous psalms. It tracks along Israel’s history as God’s nation, from the united monarchy, through the exile, to the restoration. Psalm 107 is a song of thanksgiving composed by those who survived exile and made their way home. As in Isaiah, the return from exile is described as a new exodus. Three Davidic psalms toward the beginning of Book Five represent the monarchy and recall Israel’s golden age. The Songs for the Journey to Worship (Psalm 120–134) are composed for use by God’s people as they traveled from their homes up to Zion to worship God at the temple. Representing their time in exile are songs of lament, heartbreaking testimonies to individuals’ pain when they are crushed by their enemies and separated from God’s blessings. Finally, Book Five concludes the collection by offering praise and thanks to God, for the story of Israel does not end with its exile and separation; rather, it ends in restoration and hope. Those who edited and compiled the Book of Psalms were relieved to be back in the land of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—rebuilding their temple and reestablishing their connection with God.

Psalm 107

Erupt with thanks to the Eternal, for He is good
    and His loyal love lasts forever.
Let all those redeemed by the Eternal—
    those rescued from times of deep trouble—join in giving thanks.
He has gathered them across the earth,
    from east and west,
    from [north and south].[a]

Some drifted around in the desert
    and found no place where they could live.
Their bellies growled with hunger; their mouths were dry with thirst;
    their souls grew weak and weary.
In their distress, they called out to the Eternal,
    and He saved them from their misery.
He showed them the best path; then He led them down the right road
    until they arrived at an inhabited town.
May they erupt with praise and give thanks to the Eternal
    in honor of His loyal love
And all the wonders He has performed for humankind!
He has quenched their thirst,
    and He has satisfied their hunger with what is good.

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Footnotes

  1. 107:3 Hebrew manuscripts read, “and the sea.”

43 Is there anyone wise? If so, may the wise take notice of these things
    and reflect upon the loyal love of the Eternal.

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Don’t rejoice, Israel! Don’t shriek in ecstatic joy like the other nations!
    You’ve prostituted yourself and been unfaithful to your God.
You eagerly expect that you’ll get your prostitute’s pay at the threshing floors with a rich harvest.
Neither the threshing floor nor the oil or winepresses will feed you;
    you won’t have any new wine this year.
You won’t remain in the Eternal’s land,
    and you can count on this:
Ephraim will go back to slavery in Egypt,
    but this unclean food he’ll eat in Assyria.

Separated from Jerusalem, they won’t be pouring out any libations of wine to the Eternal,
    and the sacrifices they make will not please Him.
Whatever they offer will be like mourner’s bread:
    whoever eats it will be impure.

Hebrew law prohibits any contact with the dead. In this case the bread is polluted by its proximity to death.

Besides, they’ll need all the bread they’ve got just to stay alive;
    they won’t have anything worthy to bring to the Eternal’s temple.
What will you do on the appointed day
    when you’re supposed to celebrate a feast in honor of the Eternal One?

In Israel’s final years before conquest, the political atmosphere is in turmoil. Kings Zechariah, Shallum, and Pekahiah have been assassinated in political coups, and ambitious men are making alliances with foreign enemies hoping to gain international support for their own factions and solidify their own powers. These attempts at ascension and stability with the help of international alliances voids the one thing that can bring peace to Israel—the people’s covenant with God.

Instead of relying on God, all of Israel’s leaders allow themselves to be consumed in the regional politics. In the early eighth century b.c., Egypt’s power is waning and Assyria is gaining momentum. Israel is the battleground between the empires, so Israel’s kings think they can leverage the nation’s geographical position and gain protection from one empire or the other by paying tributes. Instead, the cities are trampled in successive wars, and Israel’s borders continue to shrink until Samaria is finally overrun by the Assyrians in 722 b.c.

Even if they escape destruction, Egypt will be ready to gather them up,
    and Memphis will be set to bury them in the city’s massive cemeteries.
All their valuables will be choked out by weeds,
    and thornbushes will live in their tents.

The days of punishment have come!
    The time of retribution is here! Israel will know this!
But because you are so hostile and sinful, you say about me,
    “The prophet is a fool! The man of the Spirit is raving mad!”
The prophet stands watch over Ephraim along with God,[a]
    but birds’ traps are set all along his paths;
Even in the temple of his God they show their hostility.
They’ve become deeply depraved, as in the days of Gibeah.
    God won’t overlook their wickedness; He’ll punish them for their sins.

10 Eternal One: When I discovered Israel, he was a rare find,
        like grapes in the wilderness, like early figs on a young fig tree.
    I met your ancestors;
        when they came to Baal-peor,
    They dedicated themselves through their worship to an object of shame,
        and they became as detestable as the thing they loved.

11     Ephraim’s glory will fly away like a bird:
        no offspring, no gestation, no conception!
12     And even if they do have children,
        I’ll take every single one of them away.
        It will be sorrowful for them when I abandon them!
13     There was a time when I saw Ephraim like Tyre,
        a pleasant palm planted in a lovely meadow,
    But now Ephraim must bring out her children to be slaughtered.[b]

14 Give them, Eternal One—what should I ask You to give them?
    Give them a miscarrying womb and dried-up breasts!

15 Eternal One: In Gilgal My hatred grew for them
        because of all their evil that was there.
    I will force them out of My temple because of the depths of their wickedness.
        I won’t love them anymore; all of their leaders have rebelled against Me!

16     Ephraim has been cut down; their root has dried up,
        and they won’t bear any fruit.
    And even if they do bear children,
        I’ll kill those precious ones they carried.

17 My God will reject them because they haven’t listened to Him.
    They’ll be drifters and fugitives among the nations.

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Footnotes

  1. 9:8 Meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.
  2. 9:13 Meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain.

17 Therefore, as a witness of the Lord, I insist on this: that you no longer walk in the outsiders’ ways—with minds devoted to worthless pursuits. 18 They are blind to true understanding. They are strangers and aliens to the kind of life God has for them because they live in ignorance and immorality and because their hearts are cold, hard stones. 19 And now, since they’ve lost all natural feelings, they have given themselves over to sensual, greedy, and reckless living. They stop at nothing to satisfy their impure appetites.

20 But this is not the path of the Anointed One, which you have learned. 21 If you have heard Jesus and have been taught by Him according to the truth that is in Him, 22 then you know to take off your former way of life, your crumpled old self—that dark blot of a soul corrupted by deceitful desire and lust— 23 to take a fresh breath and to let God renew your attitude and spirit. 24 Then you are ready to put on your new self, modeled after the very likeness of God: truthful, righteous, and holy.

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