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13 A joyful heart[a] makes the face cheerful,[b]
but by a painful heart the spirit is broken.

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Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 15:13 tn The contrast in this proverb is between the “joyful heart” (Heb “a heart of joy,” using an attributive genitive) and the “painful heart” (Heb “pain of the heart,” using a genitive of specification).
  2. Proverbs 15:13 sn The verb יֵיטִב (yetiv) normally means “to make good,” but here “to make the face good,” that is, there is a healthy, favorable, uplifted expression. The antithesis is the pained heart that crushes the spirit. C. H. Toy observes that a broken spirit is expressed by a sad face, while a cheerful face shows a courageous spirit (Proverbs [ICC], 308).

13 
A heart full of joy and goodness makes a cheerful face,
But when a heart is full of sadness the spirit is crushed.(A)

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15 All the days[a] of the afflicted[b] are bad,[c]
but one with[d] a cheerful heart has a continual feast.[e]

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Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 15:15 sn The “days” represent what happens on those days (metonymy of subject).
  2. Proverbs 15:15 tn The contrast is between the “afflicted” and the “good of heart” (a genitive of specification, “cheerful/healthy heart/spirit/attitude”). sn The parallelism suggests that the afflicted is one afflicted within his spirit, for the proverb is promoting a healthy frame of mind.
  3. Proverbs 15:15 tn Or “evil”; or “catastrophic.”
  4. Proverbs 15:15 tn “one with” is supplied.
  5. Proverbs 15:15 sn The image of a continual feast signifies the enjoyment of what life offers (cf. TEV “happy people…enjoy life”). The figure is a hypocatastasis; among its several implications are joy, fulfillment, abundance, pleasure.

15 
All the days of the afflicted are bad,
But a glad heart has a continual feast [regardless of the circumstances].

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30 A bright look[a] brings joy to the heart,
and good news gives health to the body.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 15:30 tc The LXX has “the eye that sees beautiful things.” D. W. Thomas suggests pointing מְאוֹר (meʾor) as a Hophal participle, “a fine sight cheers the mind” (“Textual and Philological Notes,” 205). But little is to be gained from this change.tn Heb “light of the eyes” (so KJV, NRSV). The expression may indicate the gleam in the eyes of the one who tells the good news, as the parallel clause suggests.
  2. Proverbs 15:30 tn Heb “makes fat the bones;” NAB “invigorates the bones;” NASB “puts fat on the bones.” The word “bones” is a metonymy of subject, the bones representing the whole body. The idea of “making fat” signifies by comparison (hypocatastasis) with fat things that the body will be healthy and prosperous (e.g., Prov 17:22; 25:25; Gen 45:27-28; Isa 52:7-8). Good news makes the person feel good in body and soul.

30 
The light of the eyes rejoices the hearts of others,
And good news puts fat on the bones.

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