Leviticus 25:35-38
New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition
35 “If any of your kin fall into difficulty and become dependent on you,[a] you shall support them; they shall live with you as though resident aliens.(A) 36 Do not take interest in advance or otherwise make a profit from them, but fear your God; let them live with you.(B) 37 You shall not lend them your money at interest taken in advance or provide them food at a profit. 38 I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to give you the land of Canaan, to be your God.(C)
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- 25.35 Meaning of Heb uncertain
Leviticus 25:35-38
New English Translation
Debt and Slave Regulations
35 “‘If your brother[a] becomes impoverished and is indebted to you,[b] you must support[c] him; he must live[d] with you like a foreign resident.[e] 36 Do not take interest or profit from him,[f] but you must fear your God and your brother must live[g] with you. 37 You must not lend him your money at interest and you must not sell him food for profit.[h] 38 I am the Lord your God who brought you out from the land of Egypt to give you the land of Canaan—to be your God.[i]
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- Leviticus 25:35 tn It is not clear to whom this refers. It is probably broader than “sibling” (cf. NRSV “any of your kin”; NLT “any of your Israelite relatives”) but some English versions take it to mean “fellow Israelite” (so TEV; cf. NAB, NIV “countrymen”) and others are ambiguous (cf. CEV “any of your people”).
- Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “and his hand slips with you.”
- Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “strengthen”; NASB “sustain.”
- Leviticus 25:35 tn The form וָחַי (vakhay, “and shall live”) looks like the adjective “living,” but the MT form is simply the same verb written as a double ayin verb (see HALOT 309 s.v. חיה qal, and GKC 218 §76.i; cf. Lev 18:5).
- Leviticus 25:35 tn Heb “a foreigner and resident,” which is probably to be combined (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 170-71). tn The Hebrew terms ger (גֵּר; “resident foreigner”) and toshav (תּוֹשָׁב; “resident/dweller”) have similar meaning. The toshav was less integrated into Israelite society, had less rights, and had not fully committed to the religion of Israel. Here the combination emphasizes the impoverished Israelites change in status. Note that the native born citizen and the resident foreigner (or naturalized citizen) were equal under the law (Exod 12:49; Lev 24:22; Num 9:14; 15:15, 16, 26, 29; 19:10; 35:15; Deut 1:16) or similar obligations (Exod 20:10; 23:12; Lev 16:29; 17:10, 12, 13; 18:26; 24:16; Num 15:14).
- Leviticus 25:36 tn The meaning of the terms rendered “interest” and “profit” is much debated (see the summaries in P. J. Budd, Leviticus [NCBC], 354-55 and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 178). Verse 37, however, suggests that the first refers to a percentage of money and the second percentage of produce (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 421).
- Leviticus 25:36 tn In form the Hebrew term וְחֵי (vekhey, “shall live”) is the construct plural noun (i.e., “the life of”), but here it is used as the finite verb (cf. v. 35 and GKC 218 §76.i).
- Leviticus 25:37 tn Heb “your money” and “your food.” With regard to “interest” and “profit” see the note on v. 36 above.
- Leviticus 25:38 tn Heb “to be to you for a God.”
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