Footnotes

1. Leviticus 22:2 tn Heb “holy things,” which means the “holy offerings” in this context, as the following verses show. The referent has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2. Leviticus 22:2 tn Heb “from the holy things of the sons of Israel, and they shall not profane my holy name, which they are consecrating to me.” The latter (relative) clause applies to the “the holy things of the sons of Israel” (the first clause), not the Lord’s name (i.e., the immediately preceding clause). The clause order in the translation has been rearranged to indicate this.
3. Leviticus 22:3 tn Heb “To your generations.”
4. Leviticus 22:3 tn The Piel (v. 2) and Hiphil (v. 3) forms of the verb קָדַשׁ (qadash) appear to be interchangeable in this context. Both mean “to consecrate” (Heb “make holy [or “sacred”]”).
5. Leviticus 22:3 tn Heb “and his impurity [is] on him”; NIV “is ceremonially unclean”; NAB, NRSV “while he is in a state of uncleanness.”
6. Leviticus 22:3 sn Regarding the “cut off” penalty, see the note on Lev 7:20. Cf. the interpretive translation of TEV “he can never again serve at the altar.”
7. Leviticus 22:4 tn Heb “Man man.” The reduplication is a way of saying “any man” (cf. Lev 15:2; 17:3, etc.), but with a negative command it means “No man” (see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 147).
8. Leviticus 22:4 sn The diseases and discharges mentioned here are those described in Lev 13-15.
9. Leviticus 22:4 tn Heb “And the one.”
10. Leviticus 22:4 tn Heb “in all unclean of a person/soul”; for the Hebrew term נֶפֶשׁ (nefesh) meaning “a [dead] person,” see the note on Lev 19:28.
11. Leviticus 22:4 tn Heb “or a man who goes out from him a lying of seed.”
12. Leviticus 22:5 tn Heb “which there shall be uncleanness to him.”
13. Leviticus 22:5 tn The Hebrew term for “person” here is אָדָם (ʾadam, “human being”), which could be either a male or a female person.
14. Leviticus 22:5 tn Heb “to all his impurity.” The phrase refers to the impurity of the person whom the man touches to become unclean (see the previous clause). To clarify this, the translation uses “that person’s” rather than “his.”
15. Leviticus 22:6 sn The phrase “any of these” refers back to the unclean things touched in vv. 4b-5.
16. Leviticus 22:8 tn Heb “a carcass,” referring to the carcass of an animal that has died on its own, not the carcass of an animal slaughtered for sacrifice or killed by wild beasts. This has been clarified in the translation by supplying the phrase “of natural causes”; cf. NAB “that has died of itself”; TEV “that has died a natural death.”
17. Leviticus 22:9 tn Heb “and they will not lift up on it sin.” The pronoun “it” (masculine) apparently refers to any item of food that belongs to the category of “holy offerings” (see above).
18. Leviticus 22:9 tn Heb “and die in it.”
19. Leviticus 22:10 tn Heb “No stranger” (so KJV, ASV), which refers here to anyone other than the Aaronic priests. Some English versions reverse the negation and state positively: NIV “No one outside a priest’s family”; NRSV “Only a member of a priestly family”; CEV “Only you priests and your families.”
20. Leviticus 22:10 tn Heb “A resident [תּוֹשָׁב (toshav) from יָשַׁב (yashav, “to dwell, to reside”)] of a priest.” The meaning of the term is uncertain. It could refer to a “guest” (NIV) or perhaps “bound servant” (NRSV; see B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 149). In the translation “lodger” was used instead of “boarder” precisely because a boarder would be provided meals with his lodging, the very issue at stake here.
21. Leviticus 22:11 tn Heb “and a priest, if he buys a person, the property of his silver.”
22. Leviticus 22:11 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the person whom the priest has purchased) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
23. Leviticus 22:11 tn Heb “eat it”; the referent (the holy offerings) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
24. Leviticus 22:11 tn Heb “his”; the referent (the priest) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
25. Leviticus 22:11 tn Heb “and the [slave] born of his house, they shall eat in his food.” The LXX, Syriac, Tg. Onq., Tg. Ps.-J., and some mss of Smr have plural “ones born,” which matches the following plural “they” pronoun and the plural form of the verb.
26. Leviticus 22:12 tn Heb “And a daughter of a priest, if she is to a man, a stranger” (cf. the note on v. 10 above).
27. Leviticus 22:12 tn Heb “she in the contribution of the holy offerings shall not eat.” For “contribution [offering]” see the note on Lev 7:14 and the literature cited there. Cf. NCV “the holy offerings”; TEV, NLT “the sacred offerings.”
28. Leviticus 22:13 tn Heb “to”; the words “live in” have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
29. Leviticus 22:13 tn Heb “and seed there is not to her and she returns to the house of her father as her youth.” The mention of having “no children” appears to imply that her children, if she had any, should support her; this is made explicit by NLT’s “and has no children to support her.”
30. Leviticus 22:14 tn Heb “And a man, if he eats a holy thing in error” (see the Lev 4:2 note on “straying,” which is the term rendered “by mistake” here).
31. Leviticus 22:14 sn When a person trespassed in regard to something sacred to the Lord, reparation was to be made for the trespass, involving restitution of that which was violated plus one-fifth of its value as a fine. It is possible that the restoration of the offering and the additional one-fifth of its value were made as a monetary payment (see, e.g., B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 150). See the regulations for the “guilt offering” in Lev 5:16; 6:5 [5:24 HT] and the notes there.
32. Leviticus 22:15 tn Contextually, “They” could refer either to the people (v. 14a; cf. NRSV “No one”) or the priests (v. 14b; cf. NIV “The priests”), but the latter seems more likely (see J. E. Hartley, Leviticus [WBC], 356, and B. A. Levine, Leviticus [JPSTC], 150). The priests were responsible to see that the portions of the offerings that were to be consumed by the priests as prebends did not become accessible to the people. Mistakes in this matter (cf. v. 14) would bring “guilt” on the people, requiring punishment (v. 16).
33. Leviticus 22:15 tn The Hebrew verb הֵרִים (herim, rendered “contribute” here) is commonly used for setting aside portions of an offering (see, e.g., Lev 4:8-10 and R. E. Averbeck, NIDOTTE 4:335-36).
34. Leviticus 22:15 tn Heb “the holy offerings of the sons of Israel which they contribute to the Lord.” The subject “they” here refers to the Israelites (“the sons of Israel”) which is the most immediate antecedent. To make this clear, the present translation has “the holy offerings which the Israelites contribute to the Lord.”
35. Leviticus 22:16 tn Heb “iniquity of guilt”; NASB “cause them to bear punishment for guilt.” The Hebrew word עָוֹן (ʾavon, “iniquity”) can designate either acts of iniquity or the penalty (i.e., punishment) for such acts.
36. Leviticus 22:16 sn That is, when the lay people eat portions of offerings that should have been eaten only by priests and those who belonged to priestly households.