Die Einwohner von Gibeon überlisten Israel

Die Nachricht von der Zerstörung Jerichos und Ais erreichte alle Könige westlich des Jordan – ob im Bergland, in der Ebene oder an der Mittelmeerküste bis hin zum Libanon –, die Könige der Hetiter, Amoriter, Kanaaniter, Perisiter, Hiwiter und Jebusiter. Sie verbündeten sich, um gemeinsam gegen Josua und die Israeliten Krieg zu führen.

Auch die Einwohner der Stadt Gibeon vom Volk der Hiwiter hörten, was mit Jericho und Ai geschehen war. 4-5 Da dachten sie sich eine List aus: Sie wollten verkleidete Boten zu den Israeliten schicken, um mit ihnen zu verhandeln. Einige ihrer Männer zogen sich abgenutzte Kleider und geflickte Schuhe an, packten ein paar Habseligkeiten in schäbigen Säcken auf ihre Esel, hängten alte, rissige Weinschläuche daran und versorgten sich mit trockenem, zerbröckeltem Brot.

So gingen sie zum israelitischen Lager in Gilgal. »Wir kommen von weit her«, erklärten sie Josua und den führenden Männern Israels, »unser Volk möchte sich mit euch verbünden.« Die Israeliten antworteten den Hiwitern: »Woher sollen wir wissen, dass ihr nicht aus diesem Land stammt? Wir können doch nicht einfach ein Bündnis mit euch schließen!«

Die Boten wandten sich an Josua: »Wir bitten dich unterwürfig um Hilfe!« Josua fragte: »Wer seid ihr und wo kommt ihr her?« »Wir kommen aus einem fernen Land«, antworteten sie. »Wir möchten den Herrn, deinen Gott, kennen lernen. Wir haben gehört, was er in Ägypten vollbracht hat. 10 Wir wissen auch, was er mit den amoritischen Königen östlich des Jordan getan hat, mit Sihon von Heschbon und Og von Baschan, der in Aschtarot regierte. 11 Unsere Obersten und unser Volk gaben uns den Auftrag: ›Versorgt euch mit Proviant und geht zu ihnen! Bittet sie unterwürfig, einen Bund mit uns zu schließen!‹ 12 Hier, seht euch das Brot an! Es war noch warm, als wir zu Hause aufbrachen; jetzt ist es vertrocknet und zerbröckelt. 13 Diese Weinschläuche hier waren neu und voll; jetzt sind sie rissig. Auch unsere Kleidung und die Schuhe sind durch die lange Reise verschlissen.«

14 Die führenden Männer Israels untersuchten das vertrocknete Brot. Aber sie fragten nicht den Herrn um Rat. 15 So schloss Josua Frieden mit den Fremden und sicherte zu, sie am Leben zu lassen. Die Führer des Volkes bekräftigten das Bündnis mit einem Eid.

16 Drei Tage später erfuhren die Israeliten, dass die Männer, mit denen sie gerade ein Bündnis geschlossen hatten, aus Kanaan stammten und ganz in der Nähe wohnten. 17 Mittlerweile hatten die Israeliten nämlich mit ihrem Heer die hiwitischen Städte Gibeon, Kefira, Beerot und Kirjat-Jearim erreicht, die zum Gebiet der Gibeoniter gehörten. 18 Weil aber die führenden Männer des Volkes im Namen des Herrn, ihres Gottes, den Gibeonitern einen Eid geschworen hatten, vernichteten sie keine der vier Städte. Darüber ärgerte sich ganz Israel und beschwerte sich über seine Führer. 19 Die riefen das Volk zusammen und erklärten: »Wir sind durch einen Eid gebunden, den wir im Namen des Herrn, unseres Gottes, gegeben haben. Deshalb dürfen wir diesen Menschen nichts antun. 20 Wir werden unser Versprechen halten und sie leben lassen; wenn wir unseren Eid brechen, fordern wir Gottes Zorn heraus. 21 Sie sollen am Leben bleiben und dem ganzen Volk als Holzfäller und Wasserträger dienen.« So wurde die Abmachung zwischen den israelitischen Führern und den Gibeonitern eingehalten.

22 Dann stellte Josua die Boten aus Gibeon zur Rede: »Warum habt ihr uns betrogen? Wie konntet ihr nur behaupten, dass ihr aus einem fernen Land stammt, obwohl ihr von hier seid? 23 Weil ihr das getan habt, wird euch ein Fluch treffen: Ihr und euer Volk werdet zu allen Zeiten als Sklaven für das Heiligtum meines Gottes Holz hauen und Wasser schleppen!« 24 Sie antworteten Josua: »Uns wurde berichtet, dass der Herr, dein Gott, seinem Diener Mose versprochen hat, euch dieses ganze Land zu geben und alle seine Bewohner zu vernichten. Wir fürchteten um unser Leben. Deshalb haben wir so gehandelt. 25 Jetzt sind wir in deiner Hand. Mach mit uns, was du für richtig hältst.«

26 Josua stand zu seinem Wort und bewahrte die Gibeoniter davor, von den Israeliten getötet zu werden. 27 Er bestimmte sie zu Holzfällern und Wasserträgern für das Volk und für den Opferdienst am Altar des Herrn. Sie sollten den Israeliten an dem Ort dienen, den der Herr für sein Heiligtum erwählen würde. So ist es bis heute geblieben.

The Gibeonite Deception

Now when all the kings west of the Jordan heard about these things—the kings in the hill country,(A) in the western foothills, and along the entire coast of the Mediterranean Sea(B) as far as Lebanon(C) (the kings of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites,(D) Hivites(E) and Jebusites)(F) they came together to wage war against Joshua and Israel.

However, when the people of Gibeon(G) heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai,(H) they resorted to a ruse: They went as a delegation whose donkeys were loaded[a] with worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended. They put worn and patched sandals on their feet and wore old clothes. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy. Then they went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal(I) and said to him and the Israelites, “We have come from a distant country;(J) make a treaty(K) with us.”

The Israelites said to the Hivites,(L) “But perhaps you live near us, so how can we make a treaty(M) with you?”

“We are your servants,(N)” they said to Joshua.

But Joshua asked, “Who are you and where do you come from?”

They answered: “Your servants have come from a very distant country(O) because of the fame of the Lord your God. For we have heard reports(P) of him: all that he did in Egypt,(Q) 10 and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites east of the Jordan—Sihon king of Heshbon,(R) and Og king of Bashan,(S) who reigned in Ashtaroth.(T) 11 And our elders and all those living in our country said to us, ‘Take provisions for your journey; go and meet them and say to them, “We are your servants; make a treaty with us.”’ 12 This bread of ours was warm when we packed it at home on the day we left to come to you. But now see how dry and moldy it is. 13 And these wineskins that we filled were new, but see how cracked they are. And our clothes and sandals are worn out by the very long journey.”

14 The Israelites sampled their provisions but did not inquire(U) of the Lord. 15 Then Joshua made a treaty of peace(V) with them to let them live,(W) and the leaders of the assembly ratified it by oath.

16 Three days after they made the treaty with the Gibeonites, the Israelites heard that they were neighbors, living near(X) them. 17 So the Israelites set out and on the third day came to their cities: Gibeon, Kephirah, Beeroth(Y) and Kiriath Jearim.(Z) 18 But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the assembly had sworn an oath(AA) to them by the Lord, the God of Israel.

The whole assembly grumbled(AB) against the leaders, 19 but all the leaders answered, “We have given them our oath by the Lord, the God of Israel, and we cannot touch them now. 20 This is what we will do to them: We will let them live, so that God’s wrath will not fall on us for breaking the oath(AC) we swore to them.” 21 They continued, “Let them live,(AD) but let them be woodcutters and water carriers(AE) in the service of the whole assembly.” So the leaders’ promise to them was kept.

22 Then Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said, “Why did you deceive us by saying, ‘We live a long way(AF) from you,’ while actually you live near(AG) us? 23 You are now under a curse:(AH) You will never be released from service as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24 They answered Joshua, “Your servants were clearly told(AI) how the Lord your God had commanded his servant Moses to give you the whole land and to wipe out all its inhabitants from before you. So we feared for our lives because of you, and that is why we did this. 25 We are now in your hands.(AJ) Do to us whatever seems good and right(AK) to you.”

26 So Joshua saved them from the Israelites, and they did not kill them. 27 That day he made the Gibeonites(AL) woodcutters and water carriers(AM) for the assembly, to provide for the needs of the altar of the Lord at the place the Lord would choose.(AN) And that is what they are to this day.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 9:4 Most Hebrew manuscripts; some Hebrew manuscripts, Vulgate and Syriac (see also Septuagint) They prepared provisions and loaded their donkeys

The Gibeonite Deception

As soon as all the kings who were beyond the Jordan (A)in the hill country and in the lowland all along the coast (B)of the Great Sea toward Lebanon, (C)the Hittites, the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Perizzites, the Hivites, and the Jebusites, heard of this, they gathered together as one to fight against Joshua and Israel.

But when the inhabitants of (D)Gibeon heard what Joshua had done (E)to Jericho and (F)to Ai, they on their part acted with cunning and went and made ready provisions and took worn-out sacks for their donkeys, and wineskins, worn-out and torn and mended, with worn-out, patched sandals on their feet, and worn-out clothes. And all their provisions were dry and crumbly. And they went to Joshua in (G)the camp at Gilgal and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant country, so now make a covenant with us.” But the men of Israel said to (H)the Hivites, “Perhaps you live among us; then (I)how can we make a covenant with you?” They said to Joshua, (J)“We are your servants.” And Joshua said to them, “Who are you? And where do you come from?” They said to him, (K)“From a very distant country your servants have come, because of the name of the Lord your God. (L)For we have heard a report of him, and all that he did in Egypt, 10 (M)and all that he did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, to Sihon the king of Heshbon, and to Og king of Bashan, who lived in (N)Ashtaroth. 11 So our elders and all the inhabitants of our country said to us, ‘Take provisions in your hand for the journey and go to meet them and say to them, “We are your servants. Come now, make a covenant with us.”’ 12 Here is our bread. It was still warm when we took it from our houses as our food for the journey on the day we set out to come to you, but now, behold, it is dry and crumbly. 13 These wineskins were new when we filled them, and behold, they have burst. And these garments and sandals of ours are worn out from the very long journey.” 14 So the men took some of their provisions, but (O)did not ask counsel from the Lord. 15 And Joshua (P)made peace with them and made a covenant with them, to let them live, and the leaders of the congregation swore to them.

16 At the end of three days after they had made a covenant with them, they heard that they were their neighbors (Q)and that they lived among them. 17 And the people of Israel set out and reached their cities on the third day. (R)Now their cities were Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim. 18 But the people of Israel did not attack them, because the leaders of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel. Then all the congregation murmured against the leaders. 19 But all the leaders said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord, the God of Israel, and now we may not touch them. 20 This we will do to them: let them live, lest (S)wrath be upon us, (T)because of the oath that we swore to them.” 21 And the leaders said to them, “Let them live.” So they became (U)cutters of wood and drawers of water for all the congregation, just as the leaders (V)had said of them.

22 Joshua summoned them, and he said to them, “Why did you deceive us, saying, (W)‘We are very far from you,’ when (X)you dwell among us? 23 Now therefore you are cursed, and some of you shall never be anything but servants, (Y)cutters of wood and drawers of water for the house of my God.” 24 They answered Joshua, “Because it was told to your servants for a certainty that the Lord your God had (Z)commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you—so (AA)we feared greatly for our lives because of you and did this thing. 25 And now, behold, we are in your hand. Whatever seems good and right in your sight to do to us, do it.” 26 So he did this to them and delivered them out of the hand of the people of Israel, and they did not kill them. 27 But Joshua made them that day (AB)cutters of wood and drawers of water for the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, to this day, (AC)in the place that he should choose.

The Treaty with the Gibeonites

And it came to pass when (A)all the kings who were on this side of the Jordan, in the hills and in the lowland and in all the coasts of (B)the Great Sea toward Lebanon—(C)the Hittite, the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite—heard about it, that they (D)gathered together to fight with Joshua and Israel with one [a]accord.

But when the inhabitants of (E)Gibeon (F)heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, they worked craftily, and went and [b]pretended to be ambassadors. And they took old sacks on their donkeys, old wineskins torn and [c]mended, old and patched sandals on their feet, and old garments on themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and moldy. And they went to Joshua, (G)to the camp at Gilgal, and said to him and to the men of Israel, “We have come from a far country; now therefore, make a [d]covenant with us.”

Then the men of Israel said to the (H)Hivites, “Perhaps you dwell among us; so (I)how can we make a covenant with you?”

But they said to Joshua, (J)“We are your servants.”

And Joshua said to them, “Who are you, and where do you come from?”

So they said to him: (K)“From a very far country your servants have come, because of the name of the Lord your God; for we have (L)heard of His fame, and all that He did in Egypt, 10 and (M)all that He did to the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan—to Sihon king of Heshbon, and Og king of Bashan, who was at Ashtaroth. 11 Therefore our elders and all the inhabitants of our country spoke to us, saying, ‘Take provisions with you for the journey, and go to meet them, and say to them, “We are your servants; now therefore, make a covenant with us.” ’ 12 This bread of ours we took hot for our provision from our houses on the day we departed to come to you. But now look, it is dry and moldy. 13 And these wineskins which we filled were new, and see, they are torn; and these our garments and our sandals have become old because of the very long journey.”

14 Then the men of Israel took some of their provisions; (N)but they [e]did not ask counsel of the Lord. 15 So Joshua (O)made peace with them, and made a covenant with them to let them live; and the rulers of the congregation swore to them.

16 And it happened at the end of three days, after they had made a covenant with them, that they heard that they were their neighbors who dwelt near them. 17 Then the children of Israel journeyed and came to their cities on the third day. Now their cities were (P)Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kirjath Jearim. 18 But the children of Israel did not [f]attack them, (Q)because the rulers of the congregation had sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel. And all the congregation complained against the rulers.

19 Then all the rulers said to all the congregation, “We have sworn to them by the Lord God of Israel; now therefore, we may not touch them. 20 This we will do to them: We will let them live, lest (R)wrath be upon us because of the oath which we swore to them.” 21 And the rulers said to them, “Let them live, but let them be (S)woodcutters and water carriers for all the congregation, as the rulers had (T)promised them.”

22 Then Joshua called for them, and he spoke to them, saying, “Why have you deceived us, saying, (U)‘We are very far from you,’ when (V)you dwell near us? 23 Now therefore, you are (W)cursed, and none of you shall be freed from being slaves—woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.”

24 So they answered Joshua and said, “Because your servants were clearly told that the Lord your God (X)commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore (Y)we were very much afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing. 25 And now, here we are, (Z)in your hands; do with us as it seems good and right to do to us.” 26 So he did to them, and delivered them out of the hand of the children of Israel, so that they did not kill them. 27 And that day Joshua made them (AA)woodcutters and water carriers for the congregation and for the altar of the Lord, (AB)in the place which He would choose, even to this day.

Footnotes

  1. Joshua 9:2 Lit. mouth
  2. Joshua 9:4 acted as envoys
  3. Joshua 9:4 Lit. tied up
  4. Joshua 9:6 treaty
  5. Joshua 9:14 Lit. did not inquire at the mouth of
  6. Joshua 9:18 strike