Footnotes

1. Job 31:16 tn Heb “kept the poor from [their] desire.”
2. Job 31:17 tn Heb “and an orphan did not eat from it.”
3. Job 31:18 tn Heb “he grew up with me.” Several commentators have decided to change the pronoun to “I,” and make it causative.
4. Job 31:18 tn The expression “from my mother’s womb” is obviously hyperbolic. It is a way of saying “all his life.”
5. Job 31:18 tn Heb “I guided her,” referring to the widow mentioned in v. 16.
6. Job 31:20 tn The MT has simply “if his loins did not bless me.” In the conditional clause this is another protasis. It means, “if I saw someone dying and if he did not thank me for clothing them.” It is Job’s way of saying that whenever he saw a need he met it, and he received his share of thanks—which prove his kindness. G. R. Driver has it “without his loins having blessed me,” taking “If…not” as an Aramaism, meaning “except” (AJSL 52 [1935/36]: 164f.).
7. Job 31:20 tn This clause is interpreted here as a subordinate clause to the first half of the verse. It could also be a separate clause: “was he not warmed…?”
8. Job 31:21 tn The expression “raised my hand” refers to a threatening manner or gesture in the court rather than a threat of physical violence in the street. Thus the words “to vote” are supplied in the translation to indicate the setting.
9. Job 31:21 tn Heb “gate,” referring to the city gate where judicial decisions were rendered in the culture of the time. The translation uses the word “court” to indicate this to the modern reader, who might not associate a city gate complex with judicial functions.
10. Job 31:22 sn Here is the apodosis, the imprecation Job pronounces on himself if he has done any of these things just listed.
11. Job 31:22 tn The point is that if he has raised his arm against the oppressed it should be ripped off at the joint. The MT has “let fall my shoulder [כְּתֵפִי, k^etefi] from the nape of the neck [or shoulder blade (מִשִּׁכְמָה, mishikhmah)].”
12. Job 31:22 tn The word קָנֶה (qaneh) is “reed; shaft; beam,” and here “shoulder joint.” All the commentaries try to explain how “reed” became “socket; joint.” This is the only place that it is used in such a sense. Whatever the exact explanation—and there seems to be no convincing view—the point of the verse is nonetheless clear.
13. Job 31:23 tc The LXX has “For the terror of God restrained me.” Several commentators changed it to “came upon me.” Driver had “The fear of God was burdensome.” I. Eitan suggested “The terror of God was mighty upon me” (“Two unknown verbs: etymological studies,” JBL 42 [1923]: 22-28). But the MT makes clear sense as it stands.
14. Job 31:23 tn The form is וּמִשְּׂאֵתוֹ (umiss^eʾeto); the preposition is causal. The form, from the verb נָשָׂא (nasaʾ, “to raise; to lift high”), refers to God’s exalted person, his majesty (see Job 13:11).