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25 The Lord says,[a] “I have heard what those prophets who are prophesying lies in my name are saying. They are saying, ‘I have had a dream! I have had a dream!’[b] 26 Those prophets are just prophesying lies. They are prophesying the delusions of their own minds.[c] 27 How long will they go on plotting[d] to make my people forget who I am[e] through the dreams they tell one another? That is just as bad as what their ancestors[f] did when they forgot who I am by worshiping the god Baal.[g] 28 Let the prophet who has had a dream go ahead and tell his dream. Let the person who has received my message report that message faithfully. What is like straw cannot compare to what is like grain![h] I, the Lord, affirm it![i] 29 My message is like a fire that purges dross.[j] It is like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces.[k] I, the Lord, so affirm it![l] 30 So I, the Lord, affirm[m] that I am opposed to those prophets who steal messages from one another that they claim are from me.[n] 31 I, the Lord, affirm[o] that I am opposed to those prophets who are using their own tongues to declare, ‘The Lord declares.’[p] 32 I, the Lord, affirm[q] that I am opposed to those prophets who dream up lies and report them. They are misleading my people with their reckless lies.[r] I did not send them. I did not commission them. They are not helping these people at all.[s] I, the Lord, affirm it!”[t]

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Footnotes

  1. Jeremiah 23:25 tn The words, “The Lord says” are not in the text. They are supplied in the translation for clarity to show that the Lord continues speaking.
  2. Jeremiah 23:25 sn To have had a dream was not an illegitimate means of receiving divine revelation. God had revealed himself in the past to his servants through dreams (e.g., Jacob [Gen 31:10-11] and Joseph [Gen 37:6, 7, 9]), and God promised to reveal himself through dreams (Num 12:6; Joel 2:28 [3:1 HT]). What was illegitimate was to use the dream to lead people away from the Lord (Deut 13:1-5 [13:2-6 HT]). That was what the prophets were doing through their dreams, which were “lies” and “the delusions of their own minds.” Through them they were making people forget who the Lord really was, which was just like what their ancestors had done through worshiping Baal.
  3. Jeremiah 23:26 sn See the parallel passage in Jer 14:13-15.
  4. Jeremiah 23:27 tn The relation of the words to one another in v. 26 and the beginning of v. 27 has created difficulties for translators and commentators. The proper solution is reflected in the NJPS. Verses 26-27 read somewhat literally, “How long is there in the hearts of the prophets who are prophesying the lie and [in the hearts of] the prophets of the delusions of their [own] heart the plotting to cause my people to forget my name…” Most commentaries complain that the text is difficult and that there is no subject for “is there.” However, the long construct qualification “in the hearts of” has led to the lack of observation that the proper subject is “the plotting to make my people forget.” There are no exact parallels, but Jer 14:22 and Neh 5:5 follow the same structure. The “How long” precedes the other means of asking a question for the purpose of emphasis (cf. BDB 210 s.v. הֲ 1.b, and compare, for example, the usage in 2 Sam 7:7). There has also been a failure to see that “the prophets of the delusion of…” is a parallel construct noun after “heart of.” Stripping the syntax down to its barest minimum and translating literally, the sentence would read, “How long will the plotting…continue in the hearts of the prophets who…and [in hearts of] the prophets of…” The sentence has been restructured in the translation to conform to contemporary English style, but attempt has been made to maintain the same subordinations.
  5. Jeremiah 23:27 tn Heb “my name.”sn In the OT, the “name” reflected the person’s character (cf. Gen 27:36; 1 Sam 25:25) or his reputation (Gen 11:4; 2 Sam 8:13). To speak in someone’s name was to act as his representative or carry his authority (1 Sam 25:9; 1 Kgs 21:8). To call one’s name over something was to claim it for one’s own (2 Sam 12:28). Hence, here to forget God’s name is equivalent to forgetting who he is in his essential character (cf. Exod 3:13-15; 6:3; 34:5-7). By preaching lies they had obliterated part of his essential character and caused people to forget who he really was.
  6. Jeremiah 23:27 tn Heb “fathers” (also in v. 39).
  7. Jeremiah 23:27 tn Heb “through Baal.” This is an elliptical expression for the worship of Baal. See 11:17; 12:16; and 19:5 for other references to the people’s relation to Baal. There is a deliberate paralleling in the syntax here between “through their dreams” and “through Baal.”
  8. Jeremiah 23:28 tn Heb “What to the straw with [in comparison with] the grain?” This idiom represents an emphatic repudiation or denial of relationship. See, for example, the usage in 2 Sam 16:10 and note BDB 553 s.v. מָה 1.d(c).
  9. Jeremiah 23:28 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”
  10. Jeremiah 23:29 tn Heb “Is not my message like a fire?” The rhetorical question expects a positive answer that is made explicit in the translation. The words “that purges dross” are not in the text but are implicit to the metaphor. They are supplied in the translation for clarity.
  11. Jeremiah 23:29 tn Heb “Is it not like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces?” See preceding note.
  12. Jeremiah 23:29 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”
  13. Jeremiah 23:30 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”
  14. Jeremiah 23:30 tn Heb “who are stealing my words from one another.” However, context shows it is their own word that they claim is from the Lord (cf. next verse).
  15. Jeremiah 23:31 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”
  16. Jeremiah 23:31 tn The words “The Lord” are not actually in the text but are implicit in the idiom. They are generally supplied in all the English versions.sn Jer 23:30-33 are filled with biting sarcasm. The verses all begin with the words “Behold, I am against the prophets who…” and go on to describe their reprehensible behavior. They “steal” one another’s messages, which the Lord sarcastically calls “my words” (The passage shows that they are not; compare Marc Anthony’s use of “noble” to describe the ignoble men who killed Caesar). Here the idiom translated “to use their own tongue” really refers to taking something in preparation for action, i.e., “they take their tongue” and “declare.” The verb “declare” is only used here and is derived from the idiom “oracle of,” which is almost universally used in the idiom “oracle of the Lord,” which occurs 176 times in Jeremiah. That is, it is their tongue that is “declaring not his mouth” (v. 16). Moreover, in the report of what they “declare,” the Lord has left out the qualifying “of the Lord” to suggest the delusive nature of their message, i.e., they mislead people into believing that their message is from the Lord. Elsewhere in the discussion of the issue of false prophecy the Lord will use the full formula (Ezek 13:6-7). How ironic that their “Oracle of…” is punctuated by the triple “Oracle of the Lord” (vv. 30, 31, 32; translated here “I, the Lord, affirm that…”).
  17. Jeremiah 23:32 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”
  18. Jeremiah 23:32 tn Heb “with their lies and their recklessness.” This is an example of hendiadys where two nouns (in this case a concrete and an abstract one) are joined by “and” but one is intended to be the adjectival modifier of the other.
  19. Jeremiah 23:32 sn In the light of what has been said this is a rhetorical understatement; they are not only “not helping,” they are leading them to their doom (cf. vv. 19-22). This figure of speech is known as litotes.
  20. Jeremiah 23:32 tn Heb “Oracle of the Lord.”

25 I have heard what the prophets have said (A)who prophesy lies in my name, saying, (B)‘I have dreamed, I have dreamed!’ 26 How long shall there be lies in the heart of (C)the prophets who prophesy lies, and who prophesy the deceit of their own heart, 27 who think to make my people forget my name (D)by their dreams that they tell one another, even as their (E)fathers forgot my name for Baal? 28 (F)Let the prophet who has a dream (G)tell the dream, but let him who has my word speak my word faithfully. (H)What has straw in common with wheat? declares the Lord. 29 (I)Is not my word like fire, declares the Lord, and (J)like a hammer that breaks the rock in pieces? 30 (K)Therefore, behold, I am against the prophets, declares the Lord, who steal my words from one another. 31 Behold, I am against the prophets, declares the Lord, who use their tongues and declare, ‘declares the Lord.’ 32 Behold, I am against those who prophesy lying dreams, declares the Lord, and who tell them and (L)lead my people astray by their lies and their recklessness, when (M)I did not send them or charge them. So they do not profit this people at all, declares the Lord.

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