Oppression, Toil, Friendlessness

Again I looked and saw all the oppression(A) that was taking place under the sun:

I saw the tears of the oppressed—
    and they have no comforter;
power was on the side of their oppressors—
    and they have no comforter.(B)
And I declared that the dead,(C)
    who had already died,
are happier than the living,
    who are still alive.(D)
But better than both
    is the one who has never been born,(E)
who has not seen the evil
    that is done under the sun.(F)

And I saw that all toil and all achievement spring from one person’s envy of another. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.(G)

Fools fold their hands(H)
    and ruin themselves.
Better one handful with tranquillity
    than two handfuls with toil(I)
    and chasing after the wind.

Again I saw something meaningless under the sun:

There was a man all alone;
    he had neither son nor brother.
There was no end to his toil,
    yet his eyes were not content(J) with his wealth.
“For whom am I toiling,” he asked,
    “and why am I depriving myself of enjoyment?”
This too is meaningless—
    a miserable business!

Two are better than one,
    because they have a good return for their labor:
10 If either of them falls down,
    one can help the other up.
But pity anyone who falls
    and has no one to help them up.
11 Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm.
    But how can one keep warm alone?
12 Though one may be overpowered,
    two can defend themselves.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.

Advancement Is Meaningless

13 Better a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who no longer knows how to heed a warning. 14 The youth may have come from prison to the kingship, or he may have been born in poverty within his kingdom. 15 I saw that all who lived and walked under the sun followed the youth, the king’s successor. 16 There was no end to all the people who were before them. But those who came later were not pleased with the successor. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.

Death is better than oppression

When I next observed all the oppressions that take place under the sun, I saw the tears of the oppressed—and they have no one to comfort them. Their oppressors wield power—but they have no one to comfort them. So I declare that the dead, who have already died, are more fortunate than the living, who are still alive. But happier than both are those who have never existed, who haven’t witnessed the terrible things that happen under the sun.

Envy and loneliness

I also observed that people work hard and become good at what they do only out of mutual envy. This too is pointless, just wind chasing.

Fools fold their hands and eat their own flesh.
    But better is resting with one handful
        than working hard for two fistfuls and chasing after wind.

Next, I saw under the sun something else that was pointless: There are people who are utterly alone, with no companions, not even a child or a sibling. Yet they work hard without end, never satisfied with their wealth. So for whom am I working so hard and depriving myself of enjoyment? This too is pointless and a terrible obsession.

Two are better than one because they have a good return for their hard work. 10 If either should fall, one can pick up the other. But how miserable are those who fall and don’t have a companion to help them up! 11 Also, if two lie down together, they can stay warm. But how can anyone stay warm alone? 12 Also, one can be overpowered, but two together can put up resistance. A three-ply cord doesn’t easily snap.

13 A poor but wise youth is better than an old and foolish king, who no longer listens to advice. 14 He emerged from prison to become king, even though during his rule a poor child[a] is born. 15 I saw all who live and walk under the sun following the next youth who would rise to take his place. 16 There was no counting the number of people he ruled, but those who came later aren’t happy with him. This too is pointless and a chasing after wind.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 4:14 Possibly the youth of 4:13; or He emerged from prison to become king, even though he was born poor in the kingdom.

So I returned, and considered all the oppressions that are done under the sun: and behold the tears of such as were oppressed, and they had no comforter; and on the side of their oppressors there was power; but they had no comforter.

Wherefore I praised the dead which are already dead more than the living which are yet alive.

Yea, better is he than both they, which hath not yet been, who hath not seen the evil work that is done under the sun.

Again, I considered all travail, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbour. This is also vanity and vexation of spirit.

The fool foldeth his hands together, and eateth his own flesh.

Better is an handful with quietness, than both the hands full with travail and vexation of spirit.

Then I returned, and I saw vanity under the sun.

There is one alone, and there is not a second; yea, he hath neither child nor brother: yet is there no end of all his labour; neither is his eye satisfied with riches; neither saith he, For whom do I labour, and bereave my soul of good? This is also vanity, yea, it is a sore travail.

Two are better than one; because they have a good reward for their labour.

10 For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow: but woe to him that is alone when he falleth; for he hath not another to help him up.

11 Again, if two lie together, then they have heat: but how can one be warm alone?

12 And if one prevail against him, two shall withstand him; and a threefold cord is not quickly broken.

13 Better is a poor and a wise child than an old and foolish king, who will no more be admonished.

14 For out of prison he cometh to reign; whereas also he that is born in his kingdom becometh poor.

15 I considered all the living which walk under the sun, with the second child that shall stand up in his stead.

16 There is no end of all the people, even of all that have been before them: they also that come after shall not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and vexation of spirit.

Opresores y oprimidos

Luego me fijé en tanta opresión que hay bajo el sol.

Vi llorar a los oprimidos
    y no había quien los consolara;
el poder estaba del lado de sus opresores
    y no había quien los consolara.
Y consideré más felices a los que ya han muerto
    que a los que aún viven,
aunque en mejor situación
    están los que aún no han nacido,
los que todavía no han visto la maldad
    que se comete bajo el sol.

Vi, además, que tanto el afán como el éxito en la vida despiertan envidias. Y también esto es vanidad; ¡es correr tras el viento!

El necio se cruza de brazos
    y se devora a sí mismo.
Mejor un puñado de tranquilidad
    que dos de fatiga
    y de correr tras el viento.

La unión hace la fuerza

Me fijé entonces en otra vanidad bajo el sol:

Vi a un hombre solitario,
    sin hijos ni hermanos.
Nunca dejaba de afanarse;
    ¡jamás le parecían demasiadas sus riquezas!
«¿Para quién trabajo tanto», se preguntó,
    «y me abstengo de las cosas buenas?».
¡También esto es vanidad
    y una penosa tarea!

Mejor son dos que uno,
    porque obtienen más fruto de su esfuerzo.
10 Si caen,
    el uno levanta al otro.
¡Ay del que cae
    y no tiene quien lo levante!
11 Si dos se acuestan juntos,
    entrarán en calor;
    uno solo ¿cómo va a calentarse?
12 Uno solo puede ser vencido,
    pero dos pueden resistir.
¡La cuerda de tres hilos no se rompe fácilmente!

Juventud y sabiduría

13 Mejor es un joven pobre, pero sabio, que un rey viejo, pero necio, que ya no sabe recibir consejos. 14 Aunque de la cárcel haya ascendido al trono o haya nacido pobre en ese reino, 15 he visto que la gente que vive bajo el sol apoya al joven que sucede al rey. 16 Y aunque es incontable la gente que sigue a los reyes,[a] muchos de los que vienen después tampoco quedan contentos con el sucesor. Y también esto es vanidad; ¡es querer alcanzar el viento!

Footnotes

  1. 4:16 los reyes. Lit. ellos.