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These are the words of the ·Teacher [or Preacher; L Assembler; C of a group], a son of David, king in Jerusalem [C an allusion to Solomon].

The ·Teacher [or Preacher; L Assembler; 1:1] says,
    “·Useless [Meaningless; or Absurd; or Enigmatic; or Transient; T Vanity; L Vapor; Bubble; C and so throughout this book]! Useless!
Completely useless!
    Everything is useless.”

What do people really ·gain [profit]
from all the ·hard work [toil] they do ·here on earth [L under the sun]?

Things Never Change

·People live [L A generation goes], and ·people die [L a generation comes],
    but the earth ·continues [endures; remains] forever.
The sun rises, the sun sets,
    and then it ·hurries back [L pants] to where it rises again [Ps. 19:5–6].
·The wind [L It] blows to the south;
    it ·blows [L goes around] to the north.
·It blows from one direction and then another [L The wind goes round and round].
    ·Then it turns around and repeats the same pattern, going nowhere [L The wind keeps blowing in circles].
All the rivers flow to the sea,
    but the sea never becomes full.
    The rivers return to the place from which they flow.
Everything is ·boring [wearisome],
    ·so boring that you don’t even want to talk about it [L beyond words].
·Words come again and again to our ears,
    but we never hear enough [L The ear is never satisfied with hearing],
    nor ·can we ever really see all we want to see [L the eye with seeing].
·All things continue the way they have been since the beginning [L Whatever is will be again].
    What has happened will happen again;
    there is nothing new ·here on earth [L under the sun; v. 3].
10 ·Someone might say [L Here is a common expression],
    “Look, this is new,”
but ·really it has always been here [it was already here long ago].
    It ·was here before we were [existed before our time].
11 ·People don’t remember what happened long ago [L There is no remembrance of the past],
    ·and in the future people will not remember what happens now [L nor will there be any remembrance of what will be in the future].
·Even later, other people will not remember what was done before them [L There is no remembrance of them among those who will exist in the future].

Does Wisdom Bring Happiness?

12 I, the ·Teacher [or Preacher; L Assembler; 1:1], ·was [or have been] king over Israel in Jerusalem [1:1]. 13 I ·decided [devoted myself] to use my wisdom to ·learn [explore] about everything that happens ·on earth [L under heaven; v. 3]. I learned that God has given ·us terrible things to face [or the human race an evil/unhappy task to keep us occupied]. 14 I ·looked at [observed] everything done ·on earth [L under the sun; v. 3] and saw that it is all useless [v. 2], like chasing the wind.

15 If something is ·crooked [bent],
    you can’t make it straight.
If something is missing,
    you can’t ·say it is there [L count it; C something is wrong with the world and it cannot be fixed].

16 I ·said to myself [L spoke with/to my heart], “I have ·become very wise and am now wiser than [surpassed in wisdom] anyone who ruled Jerusalem before me. I ·know what wisdom and knowledge really are [L have observed much wisdom and knowledge].” 17 So I ·decided to find out about [L gave my heart to understand] wisdom and knowledge and also ·about foolish thinking [madness and folly], but this turned out to be like chasing the wind.

18 With much wisdom comes much ·disappointment [frustration];
the person who gains more knowledge also gains more ·sorrow [pain].

The Futility of All Endeavors

The words of the (A)Preacher, the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

(B)Futility of futilities,” says the Preacher,
“Futility of futilities! All is futility.”

(C)What advantage does a person have in all his work
Which he does under the sun?
A generation goes and a generation comes,
But the (D)earth [a]remains forever.
Also, (E)the sun rises and the sun sets;
And [b]hurrying to its place it rises there again.
[c](F)Blowing toward the south,
Then turning toward the north,
The wind continues [d]swirling along;
And on its circular courses the wind returns.
All the rivers [e]flow into the sea,
Yet the sea is not full.
To the place where the rivers [f]flow,
There they [g]flow again.
All things are wearisome;
No one can tell it.
(G)The eye is not satisfied with seeing,
Nor is the ear filled with hearing.
(H)What has been, it is what will be,
And what has been done, it is what will be done.
So there is nothing new under the sun.
10 Is there anything of which one might say,
“See this, it is new”?
It has already existed for ages
Which were before us.
11 There is (I)no remembrance of the [h]earlier things,
And of the later things as well, which will occur,
There will be no remembrance of them
Among those who will come later still.

The Futility of Wisdom

12 I, the (J)Preacher, have been king over Israel in Jerusalem. 13 And I (K)set my [i]mind to seek and (L)explore by wisdom about everything that has been done under heaven. It is a [j](M)sorry task with which God has given the sons of mankind to be troubled. 14 I have seen all the works which have been done under the sun, and behold, all is (N)futility and striving after wind. 15 What is (O)crooked cannot be straightened, and what is lacking cannot be counted.

16 I [k]said to myself, “Behold, I have magnified and increased (P)wisdom more than all who were over Jerusalem before me; and my [l]mind has observed [m]a wealth of wisdom and knowledge.” 17 And I (Q)applied my [n]mind to know wisdom and to (R)know insanity and foolishness; I realized that this also is (S)striving after wind. 18 Because (T)in much wisdom there is much grief; and increasing knowledge results in increasing pain.

Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 1:4 Lit stands
  2. Ecclesiastes 1:5 Lit panting
  3. Ecclesiastes 1:6 Lit Going
  4. Ecclesiastes 1:6 Lit turning
  5. Ecclesiastes 1:7 Lit go
  6. Ecclesiastes 1:7 Lit go
  7. Ecclesiastes 1:7 Lit go
  8. Ecclesiastes 1:11 Lit first; or former
  9. Ecclesiastes 1:13 Lit heart
  10. Ecclesiastes 1:13 Lit evil
  11. Ecclesiastes 1:16 Lit spoke with my heart, saying
  12. Ecclesiastes 1:16 Lit heart
  13. Ecclesiastes 1:16 Lit an abundance
  14. Ecclesiastes 1:17 Lit heart