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祭物的圣洁

22 耶和华对摩西说: “你要告诉亚伦和他的儿子,叫他们谨慎处理以色列人分别为圣归给我的圣物,免得他们亵渎我的圣名;我是耶和华。 你要对他们说:你们世世代代的后裔中,若是不洁净,却接近以色列人分别为圣归耶和华的圣物,那人必从我面前被剪除;我是耶和华。 亚伦的后裔中,患了痲风病,或是血漏症的,都不可吃圣物,直到他洁净了;触摸了任何尸体的不洁或遗精的人, 或是触摸了任何使他玷污的爬虫,或是摸了使他成为不洁净的人(不论那人有甚么不洁净), 摸了这些的人,必不洁净到晚上;如果他不用水洗身,就不可吃圣物。 日落之后,他就洁净了,可以吃圣物,因为那是他的食物。 自死的或是野兽撕裂的动物,他都不可吃,免得玷污自己;我是耶和华。 他们要谨守我的命令,免得他们因亵渎,担罪而死;我是使他们分别为圣的耶和华。

吃祭物的条例

10 “所有外族人都不可吃圣物;寄居在祭司家里的人或是受雇的雇工,都不可吃圣物。 11 但是祭司用自己银子买来的仆人,就可以吃圣物;生在祭司家里的人,他们可以吃他的食物。 12 祭司的女儿若是嫁给外族人,就不可吃举祭的圣物。 13 但祭司的女儿若是寡妇,或是被休的,而且没有孩子,又回到自己的父家,像她年轻的时候一样,她就可以吃她父亲的食物;只是任何外族人都不可吃。 14 人若是误吃了圣物,就要加上五分之一,与圣物一起交给祭司。 15 祭司不可亵渎以色列人献上给耶和华的圣物, 16 免得他们因吃了圣物而担当罪孽过犯;因为我是使他们分别为圣的耶和华。”

不可用有残疾的祭牲

17 耶和华对摩西说: 18 “你要告诉亚伦和亚伦的儿子,以及所有以色列人,对他们说:任何以色列家的人,或是在以色列中寄居的外人,奉献供物的时候,无论是为还愿,或是甘心献给耶和华的燔祭, 19 就要把没有残疾的公牛,或公绵羊,或公山羊献上,才蒙悦纳。 20 有残疾的,你们都不可献上,因为这是不蒙悦纳的。 21 人若是为了还愿,或是甘心把牛羊献给耶和华作平安祭,总要献上一只完全、没有任何瑕疵的祭物,才蒙悦纳。 22 瞎眼、折伤、残废、伤口溃疡、长癣或生疹的牲畜,你们都不可献给耶和华,不可把这些当作火祭放在祭坛上献给耶和华, 23 无论是公牛或是绵羊羔,如果肢体畸形或有缺陷的,你可以作甘心祭献上;如果作还愿祭献上,就不蒙悦纳。 24 内脏损伤、压碎、破裂,或割掉的,你们都不可献与耶和华;在你们将来居住的地方,你们不可行这样的事; 25 也不可从外人手里接受这一类的牲畜,作你们 神的食物;因为这些都有损坏,有残疾,必不蒙悦纳。”

26 耶和华对摩西说: 27 “公牛或是绵羊或是山羊生下来以后,七天要与牠的母亲在一起,从第八天开始,牠就可以蒙悦纳,作献给耶和华火祭的供物。 28 无论是牛或羊,你们都不可在同一日之内宰杀母和子。 29 如果你们献感恩祭给耶和华,要献得可蒙悦纳。 30 祭肉要当天吃完,一点都不可留到早晨;我是耶和华。 31 你们要谨守遵行我的诫命;我是耶和华。 32 你们不可亵渎我的圣名,我在以色列人中间要被尊为圣;我是使你们分别为圣的耶和华, 33 曾把你们从埃及地领出来,要作你们的 神;我是耶和华。”

吃聖物的條例

22 耶和華對摩西說: 「你告訴亞倫父子們要謹慎處理以色列人獻給我的聖物,免得褻瀆我的聖名。我是耶和華。 把以下條例告訴他們。

「你們的後代中,如果有人不潔淨,卻接近以色列人獻給我的聖物,必須把他從我面前剷除。我是耶和華。 亞倫的後代中若有人患了痲瘋病或漏症,在他潔淨之前,不可吃聖物。如果有人遺精,或碰到因接觸屍體而不潔淨之物, 或碰到不潔淨的爬蟲,或碰到不潔淨的人, 這人就不潔淨,要到傍晚之後才能潔淨。他要沐浴後才可吃聖物。 日落之後,他就潔淨了,可以吃聖物,因為那是他應得的食物。 他不可吃自然死亡或被野獸撕裂的動物,否則就不潔淨。我是耶和華。 他們要遵守我的命令,免得他們犯罪,因違背我的命令而死亡。我是使他們聖潔的耶和華。

10 「只有祭司一家可以吃聖物,在祭司家中寄居的或做雇工的都不可吃, 11 但出生在祭司家裡或用錢買來的奴隸都可以吃。 12 如果祭司的女兒嫁給本族以外的人,她便不可再吃舉祭。 13 如果祭司的女兒守寡或被休,無兒無女,又像年輕時回到父親家居住,便可以吃父親的食物。除此以外,不屬於祭司家的人都不可以吃。 14 任何人如果誤吃聖物,就要如數償還給祭司,並加賠五分之一。 15 祭司不可褻瀆以色列民眾獻給耶和華的聖物, 16 以免有人因擅自吃聖物而擔罪、受罰。我是使聖物聖潔的耶和華。」

選擇祭牲的條例

17 耶和華對摩西說: 18 「你把以下條例告訴亞倫父子們及所有以色列人。

「任何以色列人或寄居在以色列的外族人若向耶和華獻燔祭,無論是為了還願還是出於自願, 19 都必須獻毫無殘疾的公牛、公綿羊或公山羊才能蒙悅納。 20 不可獻有殘疾的,因為不蒙悅納。 21 如果有人為了還願或自願獻牛羊作平安祭,必須獻毫無殘疾的牛羊才能蒙悅納。 22 不可獻給耶和華瞎眼的、骨折的、殘廢的、長疥癬的牲畜,也不可把這些牲畜獻給耶和華作火祭。 23 至於畸形或發育不全的公牛或綿羊羔,可以用作自願獻的祭,但不可用作還願祭。 24 不可獻給耶和華睪丸受損、被壓碎、破裂或被閹割的牲畜。在你們境內不可做這樣的事, 25 也不可從外族人手中接受這些牲畜並獻給你們的上帝作食物。因為這些牲畜是畸形的、殘疾的,不蒙悅納。」

26 耶和華對摩西說: 27 「剛出生的牛、綿羊或山羊,前七天要與母親在一起。從第八天起,可以把牠們獻給我作火祭。 28 不可在同一天內宰殺母牛和小牛或母羊和小羊。 29 你們獻感恩祭給耶和華時,要使你們所獻的蒙悅納。 30 要當天吃完祭物,不可留到第二天早晨。我是耶和華。 31 你們要遵行我的一切誡命。我是耶和華。 32 不可褻瀆我的聖名,我要在以色列人中彰顯我的聖潔,我是使你們聖潔的耶和華。 33 我領你們離開埃及,為要做你們的上帝。我是耶和華。」

22 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron and his sons to treat with respect the sacred offerings(A) the Israelites consecrate to me, so they will not profane my holy name.(B) I am the Lord.(C)

“Say to them: ‘For the generations to come, if any of your descendants is ceremonially unclean and yet comes near the sacred offerings that the Israelites consecrate to the Lord,(D) that person must be cut off from my presence.(E) I am the Lord.

“‘If a descendant of Aaron has a defiling skin disease[a] or a bodily discharge,(F) he may not eat the sacred offerings until he is cleansed. He will also be unclean if he touches something defiled by a corpse(G) or by anyone who has an emission of semen, or if he touches any crawling thing(H) that makes him unclean, or any person(I) who makes him unclean, whatever the uncleanness may be. The one who touches any such thing will be unclean(J) till evening.(K) He must not eat any of the sacred offerings unless he has bathed himself with water.(L) When the sun goes down, he will be clean, and after that he may eat the sacred offerings, for they are his food.(M) He must not eat anything found dead(N) or torn by wild animals,(O) and so become unclean(P) through it. I am the Lord.(Q)

“‘The priests are to perform my service(R) in such a way that they do not become guilty(S) and die(T) for treating it with contempt. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(U)

10 “‘No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired worker eat it.(V) 11 But if a priest buys a slave with money, or if slaves are born in his household, they may eat his food.(W) 12 If a priest’s daughter marries anyone other than a priest, she may not eat any of the sacred contributions. 13 But if a priest’s daughter becomes a widow or is divorced, yet has no children, and she returns to live in her father’s household as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food. No unauthorized person, however, may eat it.

14 “‘Anyone who eats a sacred offering by mistake(X) must make restitution to the priest for the offering and add a fifth of the value(Y) to it. 15 The priests must not desecrate the sacred offerings(Z) the Israelites present to the Lord(AA) 16 by allowing them to eat(AB) the sacred offerings and so bring upon them guilt(AC) requiring payment.(AD) I am the Lord, who makes them holy.(AE)’”

Unacceptable Sacrifices

17 The Lord said to Moses, 18 “Speak to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites and say to them: ‘If any of you—whether an Israelite or a foreigner residing in Israel(AF)—presents a gift(AG) for a burnt offering to the Lord, either to fulfill a vow(AH) or as a freewill offering,(AI) 19 you must present a male without defect(AJ) from the cattle, sheep or goats in order that it may be accepted on your behalf.(AK) 20 Do not bring anything with a defect,(AL) because it will not be accepted on your behalf.(AM) 21 When anyone brings from the herd or flock(AN) a fellowship offering(AO) to the Lord to fulfill a special vow or as a freewill offering,(AP) it must be without defect or blemish(AQ) to be acceptable.(AR) 22 Do not offer to the Lord the blind, the injured or the maimed, or anything with warts or festering or running sores. Do not place any of these on the altar as a food offering presented to the Lord. 23 You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox[b] or a sheep that is deformed or stunted, but it will not be accepted in fulfillment of a vow. 24 You must not offer to the Lord an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn or cut.(AS) You must not do this in your own land, 25 and you must not accept such animals from the hand of a foreigner and offer them as the food of your God.(AT) They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and have defects.(AU)’”

26 The Lord said to Moses, 27 “When a calf, a lamb or a goat(AV) is born, it is to remain with its mother for seven days.(AW) From the eighth day(AX) on, it will be acceptable(AY) as a food offering presented to the Lord. 28 Do not slaughter a cow or a sheep and its young on the same day.(AZ)

29 “When you sacrifice a thank offering(BA) to the Lord, sacrifice it in such a way that it will be accepted on your behalf. 30 It must be eaten that same day; leave none of it till morning.(BB) I am the Lord.(BC)

31 “Keep(BD) my commands and follow them.(BE) I am the Lord. 32 Do not profane my holy name,(BF) for I must be acknowledged as holy by the Israelites.(BG) I am the Lord, who made you holy(BH) 33 and who brought you out of Egypt(BI) to be your God.(BJ) I am the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 22:4 The Hebrew word for defiling skin disease, traditionally translated “leprosy,” was used for various diseases affecting the skin.
  2. Leviticus 22:23 The Hebrew word can refer to either male or female.

22 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Speak unto Aaron and to his sons, that they separate themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they profane not my holy name in those things which they hallow unto me: I am the Lord.

Say unto them, Whosoever he be of all your seed among your generations, that goeth unto the holy things, which the children of Israel hallow unto the Lord, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from my presence: I am the Lord.

What man soever of the seed of Aaron is a leper, or hath a running issue; he shall not eat of the holy things, until he be clean. And whoso toucheth any thing that is unclean by the dead, or a man whose seed goeth from him;

Or whosoever toucheth any creeping thing, whereby he may be made unclean, or a man of whom he may take uncleanness, whatsoever uncleanness he hath;

The soul which hath touched any such shall be unclean until even, and shall not eat of the holy things, unless he wash his flesh with water.

And when the sun is down, he shall be clean, and shall afterward eat of the holy things; because it is his food.

That which dieth of itself, or is torn with beasts, he shall not eat to defile himself therewith; I am the Lord.

They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, lest they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the Lord do sanctify them.

10 There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.

11 But if the priest buy any soul with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house: they shall eat of his meat.

12 If the priest's daughter also be married unto a stranger, she may not eat of an offering of the holy things.

13 But if the priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child, and is returned unto her father's house, as in her youth, she shall eat of her father's meat: but there shall be no stranger eat thereof.

14 And if a man eat of the holy thing unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth part thereof unto it, and shall give it unto the priest with the holy thing.

15 And they shall not profane the holy things of the children of Israel, which they offer unto the Lord;

16 Or suffer them to bear the iniquity of trespass, when they eat their holy things: for I the Lord do sanctify them.

17 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

18 Speak unto Aaron, and to his sons, and unto all the children of Israel, and say unto them, Whatsoever he be of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, that will offer his oblation for all his vows, and for all his freewill offerings, which they will offer unto the Lord for a burnt offering;

19 Ye shall offer at your own will a male without blemish, of the beeves, of the sheep, or of the goats.

20 But whatsoever hath a blemish, that shall ye not offer: for it shall not be acceptable for you.

21 And whosoever offereth a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the Lord to accomplish his vow, or a freewill offering in beeves or sheep, it shall be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no blemish therein.

22 Blind, or broken, or maimed, or having a wen, or scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer these unto the Lord, nor make an offering by fire of them upon the altar unto the Lord.

23 Either a bullock or a lamb that hath any thing superfluous or lacking in his parts, that mayest thou offer for a freewill offering; but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

24 Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut; neither shall ye make any offering thereof in your land.

25 Neither from a stranger's hand shall ye offer the bread of your God of any of these; because their corruption is in them, and blemishes be in them: they shall not be accepted for you.

26 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

27 When a bullock, or a sheep, or a goat, is brought forth, then it shall be seven days under the dam; and from the eighth day and thenceforth it shall be accepted for an offering made by fire unto the Lord.

28 And whether it be cow, or ewe, ye shall not kill it and her young both in one day.

29 And when ye will offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving unto the Lord, offer it at your own will.

30 On the same day it shall be eaten up; ye shall leave none of it until the morrow: I am the Lord.

31 Therefore shall ye keep my commandments, and do them: I am the Lord.

32 Neither shall ye profane my holy name; but I will be hallowed among the children of Israel: I am the Lord which hallow you,

33 That brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the Lord.

The Holiness of the Offerings

22 Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Speak to Aaron and his sons, that they (A)separate[a] themselves from the holy things of the children of Israel, and that they (B)do not profane My holy name by what they (C)dedicate to Me: I am the Lord. Say to them: ‘Whoever of all your descendants throughout your generations, who goes near the holy things which the children of Israel dedicate to the Lord, (D)while he has [b]uncleanness upon him, that person shall be cut off from My presence: I am the Lord.

‘Whatever man of the descendants of Aaron, who is a (E)leper or has (F)a discharge, shall not eat the holy offerings (G)until he is clean. And (H)whoever touches anything made unclean by a corpse, or (I)a man who has had an emission of semen, or (J)whoever touches any creeping thing by which he would be made unclean, or (K)any person by whom he would become unclean, whatever his uncleanness may be— the person who has touched any such thing shall be unclean until evening, and shall not eat the holy offerings unless he (L)washes his body with water. And when the sun goes down he shall be clean; and afterward he may eat the holy offerings, because (M)it is his food. (N)Whatever dies naturally or is torn by beasts he shall not eat, to defile himself with it: I am the Lord.

‘They shall therefore keep (O)My [c]ordinance, (P)lest they bear sin for it and die thereby, if they profane it: I the Lord sanctify them.

10 (Q)‘No outsider shall eat the holy offering; one who [d]dwells with the priest, or a hired servant, shall not eat the holy thing. 11 But if the priest (R)buys a person with his money, he may eat it; and one who is born in his house may eat his food. 12 If the priest’s daughter is married to an outsider, she may not eat of the holy offerings. 13 But if the priest’s daughter is a widow or divorced, and has no child, and has returned to her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat her father’s food; but no outsider shall eat it.

14 ‘And if a man eats the holy offering unintentionally, then he shall restore a holy offering to the priest, and add one-fifth to it. 15 They shall not profane the (S)holy offerings of the children of Israel, which they offer to the Lord, 16 or allow them to bear the guilt of trespass when they eat their holy offerings; for I the Lord sanctify them.’ ”

Offerings Accepted and Not Accepted

17 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 18 “Speak to Aaron and his sons, and to all the children of Israel, and say to them: (T)‘Whatever man of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, who [e]offers his sacrifice for any of his vows or for any of his freewill offerings, which they offer to the Lord as a burnt offering— 19 (U)you shall offer of your own free will a male without blemish from the cattle, from the sheep, or from the goats. 20 (V)Whatever has a defect, you shall not offer, for it shall not be acceptable on your behalf. 21 And (W)whoever offers a sacrifice of a peace offering to the Lord, (X)to fulfill his vow, or a freewill offering from the cattle or the sheep, it must be perfect to be accepted; there shall be no defect in it. 22 (Y)Those that are blind or broken or maimed, or have an [f]ulcer or eczema or scabs, you shall not offer to the Lord, nor make (Z)an offering by fire of them on the altar to the Lord. 23 Either a bull or a lamb that has any limb (AA)too long or too short you may offer as a freewill offering, but for a vow it shall not be accepted.

24 ‘You shall not offer to the Lord what is bruised or crushed, or torn or cut; nor shall you make any offering of them in your land. 25 Nor (AB)from a foreigner’s hand shall you offer any of these as (AC)the bread of your God, because their (AD)corruption is in them, and defects are in them. They shall not be accepted on your behalf.’ ”

26 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying: 27 (AE)“When a bull or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall be seven days with its mother; and from the eighth day and thereafter it shall be accepted as an offering made by fire to the Lord. 28 Whether it is a cow or ewe, do not kill both her (AF)and her young on the same day. 29 And when you (AG)offer a sacrifice of thanksgiving to the Lord, offer it of your own free will. 30 On the same day it shall be eaten; you shall leave (AH)none of it until morning: I am the Lord.

31 (AI)“Therefore you shall keep My commandments, and perform them: I am the Lord. 32 (AJ)You shall not profane My holy name, but (AK)I will be [g]hallowed among the children of Israel. I am the Lord who (AL)sanctifies you, 33 (AM)who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the Lord.”

Footnotes

  1. Leviticus 22:2 keep themselves apart from
  2. Leviticus 22:3 defilement
  3. Leviticus 22:9 charge
  4. Leviticus 22:10 As a visitor
  5. Leviticus 22:18 brings his offering
  6. Leviticus 22:22 running sore
  7. Leviticus 22:32 treated as holy